形容词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法讲解和练习(10页).doc

-形容词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法讲解和练习-第 11 页形容词原级、比较级、最高级的用法讲解及练习形容词的概述（一）形容词的定义及位置形容词原级（原形）的用法说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或某些代词的词叫做形容词。形容词一般放在名词前，在句子中可作定语、表语宾语补足语等1、作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。 如：The beautiful girl is my sister。      I have something important to tell he.。2、作表语，放在系动词之后。 如：Our school is big and clean. I felt terrible this morning.3、作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。   如：you must keep your hands open.  I find it hard to travel around the mountain. 4、某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人。常见的有good/bad；rich/poor；young/old；deaf/blind；black/white； living/dead等。  如：The rich should help the poor. The young should be polite to the old.知识拓展：有表示绝对概念的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时用形容词原级。 如：The boy is too young. 这个男孩太小。（二）形容词的种类   形容词可以表示质量、大小、新旧、形状、颜色、产地、温度等。（1）表示质量：a beautiful coat;  （2）表示大小：a big pig;    a small cap;   a little goat等。（3）表示新旧：a new bag;    an old bike等。（4）表示形状：a round chair;    a tall building等。（5）表示颜色：blue sky;    a white cat;    a red skirt等。（6）表示产地：a Japanese jeep;    a Chinese car等。（7）表示温度：the low temperature;    a cool day等。（三）形容词的构成（1）名词+ful 。 help -helpful;    care-careful等。（2）名词+y 。 rain-rainy;  wind-windy  cloud-cloudy;    sun-sunny等。(3)名词+ing 。 interest-interesting; surprise-surprising等。(4)wool-woolen;  friend-friendly;   hundred-meter(race);   kind-hearted等。形容词的比较级最高级变化规则及其应用（一）形容词比较级、最高级的规则变化1大多数形容词一般在词尾直接加er，est , 如：shortshortershortest；talltallertallest； 2以字母e 结尾的形容词加r，st ,如：nicenicernicest latelaterlatest;   largelargerlargest3以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i再加-er ,-est,      如：earlyearlierearliest     heavy heavierheaviest;      busybusierbusiest4以重读闭音节以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母再加er,est,    如：bigbiggerbiggest;   fatfatterfattest;     hothotterhottest;    thinthinnerthinnest;     redredderreddest（二）形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化1不规则的形容词的比较级最高级：如：many/muchmoremost    good/wellbetterbest    bad/badlyworseworst     littlelessleast         ffarfartherfarthest     2多音节的形容词的比较级最高级加more,most,    如；beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful   interestingmore interestingmost interestingpopularmore popularmost popular知识拓展：副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级最高级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级最高级相同 (不规则变化：well-better-best, far-farther-fartherest)形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“被比较的对象 be + adj比较级 +than +比较对象”。如：Li Ping's room is bigger than mine.形容词最高级在句子中的运用：三者（事物或人）或三者以上之间的比较用最高级，其结构为“被比较的对象 be +the adj最高级 +比较的范围”。如：Li Lei is the tallest in our class表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。（1）肯定句中的结构：“A(被比较的对象)be +as+形容词原级+as+B(比较对象)”，如：English is as interesting as physics. Xiao Ping is as tall as Tom.（2）否定句中的结构：“A(被比较的对象)be +as /so+形容词原级+as+B(比较对象)”，如：This desk isn't as new as that one. He is not so careful as Alice. （3）表示“A是B的倍”时，用“A(被比较的对象) be +倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B(比较对象)”结构。（一倍：once;二倍：twice; 三倍以上：数字+times） 如：Our room is three times as big as theirs. The house is twice as long as that one. 知识拓展：1.有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时，   用形容词比较级。   如：It is much cooler today than before.2.表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“Which/Who is +形容词比较级，A or B?”表示。如：Who is taller, Tom or Jim? Which skirt is more beautiful ,the yellow one or the pink one?3.表示“比”时，用“倍数+比较级+than如：I am three years older than you.我比你大三岁。4.表示“两者之间最一个（of the two ）”时，常用“the +比较级”结构。如：Lucy is the taller of the twins. 5.表示“越来越”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节形容词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。如：It's getting warmer and warmer in spring. Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful6.表示“越就越”时，用“the+比较级，the +比较级“结构如：The cooler the weather is, the better I feel.天气越凉爽我感觉越舒服。自主检测一、写出下列形容词的比较级最高级old_ young_ tall long_ short_ strong_ big_ _small_ _fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ _low_ high_ late_二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My sister is two years _(old)than me.2. Nick is as _(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes, she is.4. Who is _(thin),you or He Lan? He Lan is.5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys.7.Jack _ (be) _ (tall) than any other boys in his class. 8.Li Fang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 9.My eyes are _(big) in my family. 10.Which is _(heavy),the dog 、the elephant or the pig? 三、翻译句子：1、谁比Tom年纪大？是你。_ is _than Tom？ _ are2、谁的尺子更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_ ruler is _,_or_？_is,I think.3、谁的梨果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。_pears _ _,your _ or your _?My _ _.4、你和你的爸爸一样高吗？是的。_ _as _as your father?Yes,I am.5、她和她的朋友Lucy一样年轻。She _ as _ as _ _ Lucy6我父亲比我母亲年纪小。My than my .7.她的毛衣和我的一样重。 Sweater as as The dress is _(long) one of all9. I'm taller than Mom .(该成用原级的比较)I'm _ as _ as Mom . 10.他是他们三人中年龄最大的He (be) (old) of the three.四.单项选择 (   )1. She's already _ her brother.A. so tall than  B. as tall than  C. so tall as  D. as tall as(   )2. It is said that it is _ today than yesterday. Shall we go skitinging this afternoon?A. the hottest      B. hot      C. hottest       D. hotter(   )3. Shanghai is bigger than _ in Japan.A. any other city   B. all the other cities    C. any city   D. the other cities (   )4. Each of us was too tired to go any _ . A. far      B. farer     C. much farther     D. farther (  ) 5. Now it is _ here, but it is even _ in SanyaA. hotter; hottest      B. hot; hottest   C. hotter; hot          D. hot; hotter