形容词原级、比较级、最高级的用法(4页).doc
-形容词原级、比较级、最高级的用法-第 4 页形容词原级、比较级、最高级的用法一、形容词的概述 (一)形容词的定义及位置 说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或某些代词的词叫做形容词。形容词一般放在名词前,在句子中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。 1、作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后。 如:The beautiful girl is my sister。这个漂亮女孩是我妹妹。 I have something important to tell you.。我有重要的事情告诉你。 2、作表语,放在系动词之后。 如:Our school is big and clean. 我们的学校又大又干净。 I felt terrible this morning. 我今天早上感觉不舒服。 3、作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。 如:you must keep your eyes closed. 你必须闭上眼睛。 I find it hard to travel around the big city. 我发现环游这个城市很困难。 4、某些形容词放在定冠词之后,变成名词,表示一类人。常见的有good/bad;rich/poor;young/old;deaf/blind;black/white; living/dead等。 如:The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。 The young should be polite to the old. 年轻人应该对老人有礼貌。 (二)形容词的种类 形容词可以表示质量、大小、新旧、形状、颜色、产地、温度等。 (1)表示质量:a beautiful dress; a nice day等。 (2)表示大小:a big dog; a small pot; a little boy等。 (3)表示新旧:a new coat; an old watch等。 (4)表示形状:a round table; a tall building等。 (5)表示颜色:blue eyes; a white dog; a red sweater等。 (6)表示产地:a Japanese apple; a Chinese car等。 (7)表示温度:the high temperature; a cold day等。 (三)形容词的构成 (1)名词+ful 。 help -helpful; care-careful等。 (2)名词+y 。 rain-rainy; cloud-cloudy; sun-sunny等。 (3)名词+ing 。 interest-interesting; surprise-surprising等。 (4)其它。wool-woolen; friend-friendly; hundred-meter(race); kind-hearted等。 二、(一)形容词比较级、最高级的规则变化1大多数形容词副词之后直接加er,est , 如:shortshortershortest;slowslowerslowesrt;quickquicker quickest 2以e 结尾的形容词和副词加r,st , 如:nicenicernicest;latelaterlatest; largelargerlargest3以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词副词变y为i再加-er ,-est, 如:earlyearlierearliest heavy heavierheaviest; busybusierbusiest4以重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写末尾的辅音字母再加er,est, 如:bigbiggerbiggest; fatfatterfattest; hothotterhottest; thinthinnerthinnest; redredderreddest(二)形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化1不规则的形容词副词的比较级最高级: 如:many/muchmoremost good/wellbetterbest bad/badlyworseworst littlelessleast farfartherfarthest 2多音节的形容词副词的比较级最高级加more,most, 如;beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful interestingmore interestingmost interesting popularmore popularmost popular三、形容词的用法 (一)形容词原级(原形)的用法 1、说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。 如:The flowers in the garden are beautiful . 花园里的花漂亮。 2、有表示绝对概念的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时用形容词原级。 如:The boy is too young. 这个男孩太小。 3、表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。 (1)肯定句中的结构:“A+as+形容词原级+as+B”, 如:English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语和语文一样有趣。 Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim. 小明和吉姆一样高。 (2)否定句中的结构:“A+as /so+形容词原级+as+B”, 如:This book isn't as new as that one. 这本书不如那本书新。 I am not so careful as Lucy. 我没有露西仔细。 (3)表示“A是B的倍”时,用“A+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。 (一倍:once;二倍:twice; 三倍以上:数字+times) 如:Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。 The table is twice as long as that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。 (二)形容词比较级的用法1、表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A+比较级+than +B”。 如:Li Lei's room is bigger than mine.李莉的房间比我的房间大。2、有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时, 用形容词比较级。 如:It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷多了。3、表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时, 用句型“Which/Who is +形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。 如:Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?李明和王涛谁更高? Which sweater is more beautiful ,the yellow one or the pink one? 哪件毛衣更漂亮,黄色的那件还是粉色的那件?4、表示“比”时,用“倍数+比较级+than 如:I am three years older than you.我比你大三岁。5、表示“两者之间最一个(of the two )”时,常用“the +比较级”结构。 如:Mary is the taller of the twins.玛丽是双胞胎中较高的那个。6、表示“越来越”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”, 多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。 如:It's getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。 Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的家乡变得越来越漂亮。7、表示“越就越”时,用“the+比较级,the +比较级“结构 如:The warmer the weather is, the better I feel.天气越暖和我感觉越舒服。针对性训练( )1. I found he looked _ than last time when I went to see him. A. better B. well C. good D. bad( )2. She's already _ her brother. A. so tall than B. as tall than C. so tall as D. as tall as( )3. It is said that it is _ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon? A. the hottest B. hot C. hottest D. hotter( )4. Shanghai is bigger than _ in Japan. A. any other city B. all the other cities C. any city D. the other cities( )5. _ you speak English, _ you can speak. A. The more; better B. More; the better C. More; better D. The more; the better( )6. They have just cleaned the windows, so the room looks _ . A. more brighter B. more bright C. less brighter D. much brighter( )7. Each of us was too tired to go any _ . A. far B. farer C. much farther D. farther( )8. -Dad, could you buy me a bike like this? - Hmm, we can buy _ one than this, but as good as this. A. better B. the best C. a cheaper D. a cheap( )9. Now it is _ here, but it is even _ in Jinan. A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hottest C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter( )10. -I can't afford the white dress. Can you show me something cheaper? -What about the orange one? The price is a little _ . A. cheaper B. lower C. higher D. more expensive Keys: