人教版选修六unit2Grammar.ppt

课标人教实验版课标人教实验版高二高二 Module 6Unit 2Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气虚拟语气1. 英语动词有三种语气英语动词有三种语气, 陈述语气陈述语气, 祈祈使语气和虚拟语气。使语气和虚拟语气。2. 定义定义:用来表示说的话不是事实用来表示说的话不是事实, 或者或者是不可能发生的情况是不可能发生的情况, 而是一种愿望而是一种愿望,建议建议, 假设的语气叫假设的语气叫虚拟语气虚拟语气。3. 在条件句中的应用在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条一类为真实条件句件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况可能性不大的情况, 故采用虚拟语故采用虚拟语气。气。1). 真实条件句真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气真实条件句用于陈述语气, 假设的情假设的情况可能发生况可能发生, 其中其中 if 是如果的意思。是如果的意思。2). 非真实条件句非真实条件句非真实条件句用语虚拟语气非真实条件句用语虚拟语气, 假设假设的情况不可能发生的情况不可能发生, 或者可能性很或者可能性很小小, 其中其中if 是是“要是、如果要是、如果”的意的意思。即思。即:“要是要是就好了就好了”; “如如果果, 就会就会”1. If I had enough money, I would travel around the world.2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6. I think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off, we would enjoy a very happy life.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反3) The meaning of the sentence of subjunctive mood. If he had come yesterday, I should/ would have told him about it. 含义含义: He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.含义含义: He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来V. + ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ ed.2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)一一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。二二. 虚拟语气特殊句型虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句现在现在: 过去时（过去时（were）过去过去: 过去完成时过去完成时未来未来: would/could/might +V. should1. I wish I were a bird. (现在现在)2. I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去过去)3. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (将来将来)I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。我希望明天下雨就好了。2) wish to do 表达法表达法 wish sb. / sth. to doI wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.2. would rather that现在现在:过去过去:未来未来:I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时3. as if /though + Clause 现在：现在：过去：过去：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems that it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.They talked as if they had been friends for years. He looks as if he were drunk.4. Its (about/high) time +that过去时过去时should +V.你该走了。你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建议的虚拟语气。建议的虚拟语气。宾语从句中常见动词宾语从句中常见动词: 一个坚持一个坚持, 两个两个命令命令, 三个建议三个建议, 四个要求。即四个要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用使用should + 动词原形动词原形, 或者将或者将should省略。省略。我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。 We suggested that Tom have a rest.他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。 He insisted that I (should) be present.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 They requested that we (should) send them to work there.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意注意: 如如suggest, insist不表示不表示“建议建议” 或或“坚持要某人做某事时坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其即它们用于其本意本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“坚持认为坚持认为”时时,宾宾语从句用陈述语气。语从句用陈述语气。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.obeywasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句包括主语从句, 表语从句和同位语也要表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词形式一样。从句中的动词形式一样。order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.6. without和和but for 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。but for要不是要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.7. If only 要是就好了要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了! If only our parents could live with us!要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only I hadnt missed the train!8. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即即(should)+动词原形动词原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.9. 某些简单句的固定句型某些简单句的固定句型: Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!10. need “不必做不必做”和和“本不该做本不该做” didnt need to do 表示表示: 过去不必做过去不必做某事某事, 事实上也没做。事实上也没做。 neednt have done 表示表示: 过去不必做过去不必做某事某事, 但事实上做了。但事实上做了。约翰开车去车站接玛丽约翰开车去车站接玛丽, 所以她不必步所以她不必步行回家了。行回家了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必所以她本不必步行回家了。步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家步行回家,没有遇没有遇上上John的车。的车。) John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried典型例题典型例题答案答案D。neednt have done. 意为意为“本不本不必必”, 即已经做了某事即已经做了某事,而实际上不必要。而实际上不必要。mustnt have done 用法不正确用法不正确, 对过对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldnt have done, “不可能已经不可能已经”。 must not do 不可以不可以 (用于一般现在时用于一般现在时)三三. 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点: 1. 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致主句所假设的谓语动词不一致, 叫做叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。语动词要依照假设的时间而定。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.2. 假设条件虚拟倒装。假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有条件从句中有should, were, had三个助动词可以把三个助动词可以把if省略省略,并将这三个词提至句首。并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do? 3. 谓语动词以谓语动词以should + have done 的形式的形式出现的时候出现的时候,表示过去应该做而没有做表示过去应该做而没有做的事情的事情, 从而表示一种责备的语气。从而表示一种责备的语气。e.g. 1) You should have finished your homework yesterday. 2) You should have come here five minutes earlier. 3) He should have told me about it earlier.注意：注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中在虚拟语气的从句中, 动词动词be的过的过去时态一律用去时态一律用 were, 不用不用was, 即在即在从句中从句中be用用were代替。代替。If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你如果我是你, 就会去找他。就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿如果他在这儿, 一切都会好的。一切都会好的。_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I典型例题典型例题答案答案C. 注意注意: 在虚拟条件状语从句中在虚拟条件状语从句中, 省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说而不能说 Werent I to do.Exercises I 1. You _ to the meeting yesterday. What was the reason for your absence? A. had come B. came C. would have come D. should have come2. “ Have you visited the Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _.” A. had B. did C. haveD. will3. Here is some money in case you _ it. A. needs B. need C. needed D. will need4. He demanded that the classroom _ at once. A. should clean B. clean C. should have been cleaned D. be cleaned5. But for your carelessness, we _. A. should have succeeded B. had succeeded C. would have succeeded D. succeeded6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. Janes face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has8. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been9. I wish I _ the meeting last week. A. could attend B. attended C. have attended D. could have attended10. My suggestion is that we _ the sports met. A. would put off B. should put off C. putted off D. be put off11. It is necessary that our drinking water _ cleaner. A. should be made B. is made C. would be made D. was made12. Dont come this afternoon. Id rather you _ tomorrow.A. come B. to come C. came D. will come13. The old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finishedII. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。完整。1. Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I _ (都不会相信的都不会相信的). 2. If I should be free tomorrow, I _ (会和你一起去会和你一起去).3. If you had listened to the doctor, you _ (现在一切都好了现在一切都好了).would be all right nowwouldnt have believed itwould go with you4. Had Mark been in charge, it _ (就不会发生就不会发生了了). 5. Looking round the town, he felt as though he _ (已经离开了好多年已经离开了好多年).had been away for many yearswouldnt have happenedIII. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1. If I _ (know) more about giving first aid, I _ (help) them when the accident happened.2. If I _ (be) a man, I _ (run) for president.3. Do you think the thief entered through the side door?No, if he _ (have), he _ _(not break) the window of the living room.had knowncould have helpedwerewould runhad hadwouldnthave broken4. I would rather you _ (stay) at home last night.5. I wish that the rain _ (stop) immediately.6. They talked as if they _ (be) good friends for many years.had beenhad stayedwould stop