公共英语一级阅读理解考试试题(附答案).pdf

公共英语一级阅读理解考试试题（附答案）公共英语一级阅读理解考试试题（附答案）From the health point of view we are living in amarvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many ofthe most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatalillnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. Itis almost certain that one day remedies will be found forthe most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation oflife has increased enormously. But though the possibilityof living a long and happy life is greater than ever before,every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, womenand children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It isa never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands ofpeople the world over are killed or horribly killed eachyear and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly said that when a man is sittingbehind a steering wheel, his car bees the extension of hispersonality. There is no doubt that the motor-car oftenbrings out a mans very worst qualities. People who arenormally quiet and pleasant may bee unrecognizable whenthey are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds andutterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations,disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to thesurface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignlyon the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour.Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowedto bee almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; townsare made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside isdesecrated by road works; and the mass annual slaughterbees nothing more than a statistic, to be convenientlyforgotten.It is high time a world code were created to reducethis senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving,the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even thestrictest are not strict enough. A code which wasuniversally aepted could only have a dramaticallybeneficial effect on the aident rate. Here are a fewexamples of some the things that might be done. The drivingtest should be standardized and made far more difficultthan it is; all the drivers should be made to take a testevery three years or so; the age at which young people areallowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annualtests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol inthe blood can impair a persons driving ability. Presentdrinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be madmuch stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should beimposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safetyspecifications for manufacturers, as has been done in theUSA. All advertising stressing power and performance shouldbe banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. Butsurely nothing should be considered as to severe if titresults in reducing the annual toll of human life. Afterall, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.1. The main idea of this passage isA Traffic aidents are mainly caused by motorists.B Thousands of people the world over are killed eachyear.C The laws of some countries about driving are toolax.D Only stricter traffic laws can prevent aidents.2. What does the author think of society towardmotorists?A Society smiles on the motorists.B Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.C Victims of aidents are nothing.D Society condones their rude driving.3. Why does the author say: his car bees theextension of his personality?A Driving can show his real self.B Driving can show the other part of his personality.C Driving can bring out his character.D His car embodies his temper.4. Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a wayagainst traffic aidents?A Build more highways.B Stricter driving tests.C Test drivers every three years.D raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.5. The attitude of the author isA ironicalB criticalC appealingD militantVocabulary1. immunise 使免疫，使免除2. expectation of life = life expectancy 平均寿命3. versus = against 对顶，反对4. mutilate 伤害5. wilful 任性的，固执的6. benign 宽厚的，仁慈的7. condone 宽容8. desecrate 亵渎，玷污9. code 法规，规定，惯例10. stringent 严格的，紧急的，迫切的11. performance 演出，成品，这里 cars behavior suchas speed, function etc.可译成行为，汽车行为、功能等。难句译注1. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-endingbattle which man is losing.【参考译文】人和汽车对抗!这是一场人类永远是输家的无休止的战斗。2. All advertising stressing power and performanceshould be banned.【参考译文】应当制止所有强调力量和表现行为的广告。写作方法与文章大意文章论述“交通事故”，采用因果、比照手法。从人的平均寿命增加和交通事故率成正比谈起，触及事故率上升的原因，要求制定更严格的法规予以制止种种造成事故的不良行为。答案详解1.D 只有更严格的交通法规才能制止交通事故。这在最后一段的结论中表达的最清楚。前面几段只是讲造成事故的种种原因。其目的就是：“是制定世界交通法规以减少无谓的生命浪费的时候了。对于开车，有些国家的法规太松弛，甚至最严格的国家也不够严格。世界公认之法律只可能对交通事故率起大大降低的作用(有非常好的效果。)”这里列出几件要干的事：“驾驶测试应当标准化，比现在的要严格;所有死机每三年考核一次;年轻人驾车的允许年龄应提高到 21 岁;全部机动车每年都应经过严格的平安测试(测定其平安性)这些步骤可能听起来异常严厉，可是，如果其结果事减少每年死伤人数的话，就不存在什么太严格的事了。”A. 主要是机动车死机造成的交通事故。B. 全世界每年有几千人丧生。C. 有些国家的交通法规太松弛。这三道答案都是文中谈到某一点，不能作为中心目的。2.D 社会宽容这种野蛮开车行径。答案就在第三段：“令人惊讶的是社会对司机宽厚地笑笑，似乎宽容他们的行为。一切都为他们的方便而干。人们允许城市由于交通拥挤而几乎不能居住了，大型停车场把城镇“弄得”丑陋不堪，公路网玷污了乡村，每年大量的杀伤仅仅成为统计数字，被很容易地忘记。”A. 社会对司机笑容可掬。B. 大型停车场建在市和镇上。C. 交通死难者等于零。这三项都只是第三段的一个个详细事实。社会正是通过这一件件事来宽容司机野蛮开车，而造成事故。3. A “他的车就是他个性的外延”这句话就表达了“开车表现他真正的自我，真实的个性”。第二段讲的很清楚：“这么说完全正确：当一个人坐在方向盘后，他的车就成为他个性的外延。毫无疑问，汽车常常表现了人之最坏的品质。平常很安详愉快的人一坐在方向盘后可能就变得难以认识。他们咒骂、行为差劲、好斗、固执、任性得就像两岁的孩子。他们所有隐藏的失落、失望和忌妒感，似乎都在开车中暴露出来”。B. 表现他个性的另一面。C. 表现了他的性格。D. 他的车表达了他的脾气秉性。只是表现自我中的某个事实。4.A 只有建更多高速公路。没有提。B. 更难的测试。C. 每三年对司机进展一次考察。D. 提高年龄段和制定平安条例。都提到。见第一题译注。5.B 批评的态度。文章第一、二、三段指出了造成交通事故的原因，呼吁各国制定严格的交通法规，批评现有的交通法规松弛不严格，最后指出世界是人类的，不是摩托车的等等，都说明作者对上述种种都具批评的态度。A. 挖苦的。C. 哀求的、呼吁的。D. 富有战斗性的。Educators are seriously concerned aboutthe high rate ofdropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates andtheconsequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D.s. Some have placed thedropouts loss as high as 50 percent.The extent of the loss was, however,largely a matter ofexpert guessing. Last week a well-rounded studywaspublished. It was published. It was based on 22,000questionnaires sent toformer graduate students who wereenrolled in 24 universities and it seemed toshow many pastfears to be groundless.The dropouts rate was found to be 31per cent, and inmost cases the dropouts, while not pleting the Ph.D.requirement, went on to productive work. They are notonly doing wellfinancially, but, aording to the report, arenot far below the ine levelsof those who went on to pletetheir doctorates.Discussing the study lastweek, Dr. Tucker said theproject was initiated because of the concernfrequentlyexpressed by graduate faculties and administrators thatsome of theindividuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programswere capable of peting therequirement for the degree.Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to bea wasteof precious faculty time and a drain on universityresources alreadybeing used to capacity. Some peopleexpressed the opinion that the shortage ofhighly trainedspecialists and college teachers could be reduced bypersuadingthe dropouts to return to graduate schools toplete the Ph. D.“Theresults of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded,“did not support theseopinions.”1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason fordroppingout.2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral programas wasconsistent with their levels of ability or theirspecialities.3. Mostdropouts are now engaged in work consistent withtheir education andmotivation.Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was noacademicreason for their decision, but those who mentionedacademic reason cited failureto pass the qualifyingexamination, unpleted research and failure to passlanguageexams. Among the single most important personal reasonsidentified bydropouts for non-pletion of their Ph. D.program, lack of finances was markedby 19 per cent.As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, achartshowed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 andmore annually while none ofthe Ph. D. s with thatbackground reached this figure. The Ph. D. s shone inthe$ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against50% for thedropouts. This may also be an indication of thefact that top salaries in theacademic fields, where Ph. D.s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are stilllaggingbehind other fields.As to the possibility of getting dropouts backon campus,the outlook was glum. The main condition which would haveto prevailfor at least 25 % of the dropouts who mightconsider returning to graduateschool would be to guaranteethat they would retain their present level ofine and insome cases their present job.1. The author states thatmany educators feel thatA steps should be taken to get the dropouts backtocampus.B the fropouts should return to a lower qualityschool tocontinue their study.C the Ph. D. holder is generally a betteradjustedperson than the dropout.D The high dropouts rate is largely attributabletothe lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.2. Research hasshown thatA Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. s infinancialattainment.B the incentive factor is a minor one in regard topursuing Ph.D. studies.C The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his fieldofspecialization if he drops out.D about one-third of those who start Ph. D.work donot plete the work to earn the degree.3. Meeting foreignlanguage requirements for the Ph. D.A is the most frequent reason fordropping out.B is more difficult for the science candidate thanfor thehumanities candidate.C is an essential part of many Ph. D.programs.D does not vary in difficulty among universities.4. Afterreading the article, one would refrain fromconcluding thatA optimismreigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropoutsto return to their pursuit of thedegree.B a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have whatit takes tolearn the degree.C colleges and universities employ a substantialnumberof Ph. D. dropouts.D Ph. D. s are not earning what they deserveinnonacademic positions.5. It can be inferred that the high rate ofdropoutslies inA salary for Ph. D. too low.B academic requirementtoo high.C salary for dropouts too high.D 1000positions.Vocabulary1.dropout 辍学者，中途退学2.well-rounded 全面的3.attrition 缩/减员，磨损4.drain 枯竭5.bracket 一类人，(尤指按收入分类的)阶层6.lagging behind other fields 于其它领域7.glum 阴郁的难句译注1.Educators are seriously concerned about the high rateofdropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates andthe consequent loss oftalent to a nation in need of Ph. D.s.参考译文教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学的高比率;这对迫切需要博士生的国家是一个方面的严重损失。2.It was base on 22，000questionnaires sent to formergraduate students who wereenrolled in 24 universities andit seemed to show many past fears to begroundless.构造分析sent 过去分词，修饰 questionnaires.Who 定语从句修饰 students.参考译文这份全面调查报告是以 22000 份调查表分送给以前在 24 所大学就读的博士生为根底的。这份全面调查报告似乎说明过去许多担忧害怕是没有根据的。3.Attritionat the Ph. D. lever is also thought to be awaste of precious faculty time and adrain on universityresources already being used to capacity.构造分析被动句。Tocapacity 满额，全力。参考译文博士水平的人员的缩减被认为是珍贵的教授时间的浪费和已经被使用到极限的大学资源的枯竭。4.This may also be an indication of the fact that topsalaries in the academicfields， where Ph. D. s tend torise to the highest salaries， are still laggingbehindother fields.构造分析the fact 的同位语 that 从句中的 where 是定语从句，修饰 academicfields.参考译文这也可能说明这样一个事实：在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中，高工资仍然于其它领域。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇论及“博士生辍学”的文章。采用比照和因果手法。文章一开始就提出教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学达50%的问题。而调查报告证明，只有 31%。辍学造成不良后果，有人建议中途退学者回炉再念博士学位学业。研究说明不行。列出理由并加以分析。答案详解1.A.许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。这在第三段最后一句话：“有些人建议高级专家和大学教师短缺现象可以通过劝说辍学者返回校园完成博士学位来减少。”B.辍学者应回到稍第几的学校去完成学业。C. 有博士学位的人一般比辍学者具有较好的适应性。D.高辍学率主要原因在于教师方面缺乏刺激鼓励。这三项文内没有提。2.D.约三分之一开始就读博士学位的人没有完成学业取得学位。第二段第一句：“辍学率为 31%。大多数情况下，辍学人不能完成博士学位学业，就去从事生产性工作”。A.辍学者的经济收入比博士生低许多。这是错的。见倒数第二段：“作为辍学者干得真不错的证明，统计图表说明2%人文学科的辍学者年收入为 20000 多没劲，没有一个同样背景的博士生到达这个数字。7000 至 15000 美元年收入水平为博士生的 78%，辍学者仅为 50%。“B.在博士学习中刺激因素较小。C. 博士预备生如果中途退学很可能改变其专业领域。3.C.博士生应到达外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个根本组成局部。这在第四段有所表示：“约75%的退学者说，他们决定退学并不是处于学术的原因，而处于学术原因的退学者提出：难以通过资格考试，难以完成研究，通不过外语考试“。这里看出外语是博士生课程的根本组成局部。A.它是退学最频繁的原因。B. 它对理科博士生比文科博士应考生更难。D.它在大学中的难度并没有不同。4. A.读完这篇文章，人们不会有这种结论。这在第三段末和最后一段。第三段末：“我们研究的结果并不支持这些一件(包括返回校园之意见)：缺乏动力是退学的主要原因。大多数退学者在博士课程上已经到达和他们的能力水平和专业水平相一致的水平。大多数退学者现在从事的工作和他们所受教育和动机相一致。“最后一段：”至于返回校园的可能性，前景不乐观。至少有25%的退学生可能考虑返回研究生院就读，条件是保证他们保存现有的收入水平，有些还要保存他们目前的工作。“B.博士生退学者，大体而论，并不具备得到学位所需要的一切。C. 学院和大学雇佣了许多退学生。D.博士生在非学术岗位上没有挣到他们应得的钱。B.C.两项文内没提。D.不对，参见难句译注 4.5. A. 博士生的工资太低。见第四题 A.的译注和难句译注 4.B. 学术要求太高。这只是某些因学术原因辍学者之强调点。C.辍学者工资太高。不是太高而是有一局部高于博士生。见第二题 D 项注释。D. 职位低。文内没有提。