托福写作素材(7页).doc

-托福写作素材-第 7 页常用表达列表一、同义替换A. 结构词原因as / since / because + 句子due to/ owing to / thanks to + 名词结果hence / thus / therefore 句首/句中as a consequence / as a result / consequently 一般句首对比while / whereas 句内in contrast / by comparison 句间；与xxx对比on the contrary / instead 句间；相反让步despite / in spite of + 名词even though / even ifas long asThere is no denying that转折but / however / nevertheless / nonethelesson the other hand递进in addition / moreover / whats more / furthermore举例for instance / for exampleis a case in point.时间状语替换Trace back to At stage of B. 动词a. 实义动词认为consider / judge / that As far as I am concerned, There is every reason to believe thatThere is sufficient evidence to conclude thatregardastake into account/ considerationtend to 倾向于take it for granted that想当然地认为考虑到Considering Regarding have a glimpse of 重视attach (greater) importance tokeep a close watch on be of top priority. 是最重要的takeinto account. 考虑重视be full award of 充分意识到realize the importance of习惯be accustomed to /be used to adapt to 适应基础constitute a stepping stone to 是基石pave the way for 为铺平道路lay a foundation to; as the foundation of承担责任Be responsible/ have the responsibility tobear responsibilitytake charge of 努力make efforts to do endeavor to do try hard to成为become sth.establish oneself as需要need sth./ to dobe required to尝试try doingattempt to 意味着means that indicates that导致causegive rise to lead to影响正appeal to负side effectsinterfere with 干扰produce negative impacts中性affectsexert (adj.) influences/ an influence on 对产生影响采取措施renderadopt measures获得【被动】have access to 接触到receivebe equipped withobtain sth.master sth.accomplish sth.enter 到达a command of 用利用make full use of / make the most of / take full advantage of占用occupybe filled with被剥夺 be deprived by指示/听指示follow the guidance ofunder the instruction ofurge to do 督促某人做某事point out 指出处理/应对cope withdeal with预防take precautions against坚持stick to忍耐endure鼓励、激励encouragespurbe inspired tobe motivated to支持advocatecall formarvel at增加/提高improve / stipulate / enhance / fosterdevelopEstablish EnlargeEnhance减少/降低Decrease / reduce / lessen / shrink / diminish / trim down / bring down领先be advancedbe in the lead落后lag behind环境immerse oneself insurrounded沉迷excessive obsession withb. 情态动词应当（中性）be obliged tobe supposed tobe suggested tobe required to 有利于contribute to make contributions to 做贡献it is imperative (for sb)to do sth.so as to 以便于有害于pose a threat to undermines关联有关be associated with无关have nothing to do with可能有可能存在可能There exists the possibility that 创造可能make possible/impossible for能够能够（能力）enabletoC. 介词为了forwith the purpose ofso as to在于、由于lie in 在于owe to 由于通过方式By doingBy means of By the way of In the form of D.名词普及prevalencespreadE.表形容多rich / abundant / plentiful少Be short / scarcelack of大large / huge / enormous / vast / gigantic / massive / giant / titanicclumsy 过大（负面） excessive 小Small / little / minorSubtle / tiny是好的 注：非原意；通过前后文表好恶leave a (profound) impression on给留下（深刻）印象appeal to是不好的 同上leave a (profound) impression on给留下（深刻）印象是重要的Important / significant / vital / fundamental / crucial / imperative / essential / critical / central / necessary / vigorousindispensablebe of top priority 是最重要的play a decisive role in 是重要的means a lot二、结构常用句式开头段现状due tohave a glimpse ofplay a role in陈述be accustomed tohas witnessed an unprecedented boom主体段段首第一段to begin/start withinitially/firstlyfirst of all第二段in addition/ moreover/ whats more/furthermorelast but not leastnext/ besides展开因果Owing to/ due to / because ofThis is becauseObviously/clearly,It is widely acknowledged thatIt is vastly agreed / accepted that对比展开古今：in the past,; Tracing back to the past纯对比：in contrast,/ By comparison,Comparing with/ in comparison with while/ whereas 正反展开On the contrary,On the other hand,Instead,Conversely,If/ supposing that/ assuming that, 段内列举句首For one thing, for another,To be more specific,Besides,Additionally,Obviously/cleairly,结尾段让步Indeed,.Admittedly, It is true that There is no denying that,We have to admit that,反驳能解决：However, as long as , the problem above will be perfectly solved. 换种角度：However, if we look at the issue in a different perspective,次要方面：However, its their advantages are outshone by those ofbecause / owing to .