数据库语句大全(13页).doc

-数据库语句大全-第 13 页一、基础1、说明：创建数据库Create DATABASE database-name2、说明：删除数据库drop database dbname3、说明：备份sql server- 创建 备份数据的 deviceUSE masterEXEC sp_addumpdevice disk, testBack, c:mssql7backupMyNwind_1.dat- 开始 备份BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack4、说明：创建新表create table tabname(col1 type1 not null primary key,col2 type2 not null,.)根据已有的表创建新表：A：create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)B：create table tab_new as select col1,col2 from tab_old definition only5、说明：删除新表drop table tabname6、说明：增加一个列Alter table tabname add column col type注：列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变，唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。7、说明：添加主键： Alter table tabname add primary key(col)说明：删除主键： Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)8、说明：创建索引：create unique index idxname on tabname(col.)删除索引：drop index idxname注：索引是不可更改的，想更改必须删除重新建。9、说明：创建视图：create view viewname as select statement删除视图：drop view viewname10、说明：几个简单的基本的sql语句选择：select * from table1 where 范围插入：insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)删除：delete from table1 where 范围更新：update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围查找：select * from table1 where field1 like %value1% -like的语法很精妙，查资料!排序：select * from table1 order by field1,field2 desc总数：select count as totalcount from table1求和：select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1平均：select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1最大：select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1最小：select min(field1) as minvalue from table111、说明：几个高级查询运算词A： UNION 运算符UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表（例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2）并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION 一起使用时（即 UNION ALL），不消除重复行。两种情况下，派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。B： EXCEPT 运算符EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL)，不消除重复行。C： INTERSECT 运算符INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1 和 TABLE2 中都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT ALL)，不消除重复行。注：使用运算词的几个查询结果行必须是一致的。12、说明：使用外连接A、left outer join：左外连接（左连接）：结果集几包括连接表的匹配行，也包括左连接表的所有行。B：right outer join:右外连接(右连接)：结果集既包括连接表的匹配连接行，也包括右连接表的所有行。C：full outer join：全外连接：不仅包括符号连接表的匹配行，还包括两个连接表中的所有记录。二、提升1、说明：复制表(只复制结构,源表名：a 新表名：b) (Access可用)法一：select * into b from a where 1<>1法二：select top 0 * into b from a2、说明：拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b) (Access可用)insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;3、说明：跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in 具体数据库 where 条件例子：.from b in "&Server.MapPath("."&"data.mdb" &" where.4、说明：子查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)5、说明：显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b6、说明：外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)7、说明：在线视图查询(表名1：aselect * from (Select a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;8、说明：between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值29、说明：in 的使用方法select * from table1 where a not in (值1,值2,值4,值6)10、说明：两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息11、说明：四表联查问题：select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .12、说明：日程安排提前五分钟提醒SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff(minute,f开始时间,getdate()>513、说明：一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段14、说明：前10条记录select top 10 * form table1 where 范围15、说明：选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.)select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)16、说明：包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表(select a from tableA except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)17、说明：随机取出10条数据select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()18、说明：随机选择记录select newid()19、说明：删除重复记录Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,.)20、说明：列出数据库里所有的表名select name from sysobjects where type=U21、说明：列出表里的所有的select name from syscolumns where id=object_id(TableName)22、说明：列示type、vender、pcs字段，以type字段排列，case可以方便地实现多重选择，类似select 中的case。select type,sum(case vender when A then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when C then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when B then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type显示结果：type vender pcs电脑 A 1电脑 A 1光盘 B 2光盘 A 2手机 B 3手机 C 323、说明：初始化表table1TRUNCATE TABLE table124、说明：选择从10到15的记录select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc三、技巧1、1=1，1=2的使用，在SQL语句组合时用的较多“where 1=1” 是表示选择全部 “where 1=2”全部不选，如：if strWhere !=beginset strSQL = select count(*) as Total from + tblName + where + strWhereendelsebeginset strSQL = select count(*) as Total from + tblName + end我们可以直接写成set strSQL = select count(*) as Total from + tblName + where 1=1 安定 + strWhere2、收缩数据库-重建索引DBCC REINDEXDBCC INDEXDEFRAG-收缩数据和日志DBCC SHRINKDBDBCC SHRINKFILE3、压缩数据库dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname)4、转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限exec sp_change_users_login update_one,newname,oldnamego5、检查备份集RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk=E:dvbbs.bak6、修复数据库Alter DATABASE dvbbs SET SINGLE_USERGODBCC CHECKDB(dvbbs,repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCKGOAlter DATABASE dvbbs SET MULTI_USERGO7、日志清除SET NOCOUNT ONDECLARE LogicalFileName sysname,MaxMinutes INT,NewSize INTUSE tablename - 要操作的数据库名Select LogicalFileName = tablename_log, - 日志文件名MaxMinutes = 10, - Limit on time allowed to wrap log.NewSize = 1 - 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)- Setup / initializeDECLARE OriginalSize intSelect OriginalSize = sizeFROM sysfilesWhere name = LogicalFileNameSelect Original Size of + db_name() + LOG is +CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),OriginalSize) + 8K pages or +CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(OriginalSize*8/1024) + MBFROM sysfilesWhere name = LogicalFileNameCreate TABLE DummyTrans(DummyColumn char (8000) not null)DECLARE Counter INT,StartTime DATETIME,TruncLog VARCHAR(255)Select StartTime = GETDATE(),TruncLog = BACKUP LOG + db_name() + WITH TRUNCATE_ONLYDBCC SHRINKFILE (LogicalFileName, NewSize)EXEC (TruncLog)- Wrap the log if necessary.WHILE MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, StartTime, GETDATE() - time has not expiredAND OriginalSize = (Select size FROM sysfiles Where name = LogicalFileName)AND (OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > NewSizeBEGIN - Outer loop.Select Counter = 0WHILE (Counter < OriginalSize / 16) AND (Counter < 50000)BEGIN - updateInsert DummyTrans VALUES (Fill Log)Delete DummyTransSelect Counter = Counter + 1ENDEXEC (TruncLog)ENDSelect Final Size of + db_name() + LOG is +CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + 8K pages or +CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024) + MBFROM sysfilesWhere name = LogicalFileNameDrop TABLE DummyTransSET NOCOUNT OFF8、说明：更改某个表exec sp_changeobjectowner tablename,dbo9、存储更改全部表OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)ASDECLARE Name as NVARCHAR(128)DECLARE Owner as NVARCHAR(128)DECLARE OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128)DECLARE curObject CURSOR FORselect Name = name,Owner = user_name(uid)from sysobjectswhere user_name(uid)=OldOwnerorder by nameOPEN curObjectFETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO Name, OwnerWHILE(FETCH_STATUS=0)BEGINif Owner=OldOwnerbeginset OwnerName = OldOwner + . + rtrim(Name)exec sp_changeobjectowner OwnerName, NewOwnerend- select name,NewOwner,OldOwnerFETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO Name, OwnerENDclose curObjectdeallocate curObjectGO10、SQL SERVER中直接循环写入数据declare i intset i=1while i<30begininsert into test (userid) values(i)set i=i+1end