【人教版】九年级新目标英语：Unit 12 知识点总结(24页).doc

-【人教版】九年级新目标英语：Unit 12 知识点总结-第 23 页九年级英语Unit12Life is full of the unexpected.知识点本单元语法：过去完成时。过去完成时表示在过去某一时间点以前即“过去的过去”已经发生的动作。Mr. Black told me that he had seen the movie three times. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 过去完成时的结构是：肯定由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词”构成 否定式：had not + 过去分词 缩写形式：hadnt 过去完成时的时间状语： 表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语。by the timeby the end of We had finished our homework before 10 oclock. 可能通过when, before等引导的从句表示。 When I got there, the train had left. 过去某一时间通过上下文来表示。 Kate hadnt studied hard, so she didnt pass the exam yesterday. 1. unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的 expect v. expect/wish sb. to do sth.期盼某人做某事the unexpected “意外的事情”“出乎意料的事”。the adj.表示一类人或事物。the homeless (无家可归者) the disabled(残疾人)the wounded(战争中受伤的人) the injured(事故中受伤的人)2. by the time+时间状语从句（1） 时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时时（表示将来），主句用将来完成时；（2） 时间状语从句是一般过去式时，主句用过去完成时。by the end of +时间点（1）+过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时；（2）+将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时；by+时间点（1）+现在的时间点，主句用现在完成时；（2）+过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时；（3）+将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时。By the time you came back, I had finished this book. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for Beijing.By the end of last year, I had stayed in Xinzheng for seven years.By now, I have finished all my homework.3. oversleep =sleep late v 睡过头sleep slept slept oversleepoversleptoversleptWhat happened ? I _. A. oversleep B. oversleeped C. overslept4. give sb. a lift =give sb. a ride / give a ride to sb. “捎某人一程”，The poor old woman was standing in the middle of the road and asked someone to _.A. give him a ride B. give her a ride C. enjoy a ride D. accept a ride5.leave 与forget的用法: (1) leave “ 遗留，落下，忘记带”，侧重指把某物或某人留在某个地方，后常跟地点状语；(2)forget “ 忘记”，侧重指忘记某件事情，后常跟to do (忘了要去做)或doing (忘了做过)。 remember to do remember doingleave left left v 离开 (1)leave sth +地点 把某物遗忘在某地 (2)leave for +地点(目的地) 离开去某地 (3) leave a message 留言 ask for leave 请假leave school (中学) 毕业 (4)leave one by oneself=leave sb. alone 把某人单独留下 6.when的特殊用法“这时，突然”，用于四种结构1)be doing sth.when I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.2)be on the point of doing sth.whenShe was on the point of going out when the telephone rang3)be about to do sth.when We were about to start when it began to rain. 4).sb. had hardly/scarcely/barely done sth. when We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang. 另：be about to 忙于；即将做某事。侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与when引导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语连用。 7. be full of = be filled with充满，装满 fillwith.The basket is full of apples. = The basket is filled with apples.8.get/go/come/be back to school=return to school意为“回到学校” 1)get back to 后接表地点的名词，意为“回到某地”; 2)get back to 后面接人,可引申为“回复某人的信件，电子邮件，电话”等 ；3)get back 还可表示“ 回来，返回，拿回，取回”等含义。4)give back=return归还 9.My alarm clock didnt go off! go off 发出响声, (闹钟)闹响 The alarm went off just now. go over 复习 go away 离开 go by (时间)过去 go for a walk 出去散步 go on 继续 go + doing 去做某事go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳10.rush out 冲出去，冲出 wait in line with 意为“与排队等候”stand in line 站成一排cut in line 插队 stare at 凝视 in disbelief 不相信 turn/change into 变land on 意为“着陆；降落于”be late for迟到keep doing sth 一直做.wake up 醒来wake-woke-woken11.even if / even though/ though/although 都可以引导让步状语从句。Even if =even though“即使、纵然”引出的从句叙述的是假设或把握很大的事情though“虽然”，引出的从句叙述的是事实。I will try even if I may fail. Though it was very late, he went on working. 注 though 和but 不能同时出现在句中。12.above 1)prep（表示位置）在正上方；（与 below相对）The moon is now above the trees.2)prep表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面“超过”He is above me in every way. 3) adv. “在上面; 在上文”。See the examples given above.2000 meters above the sea level 海拔2000米13.alive, living, live与livelylively1）live “活着的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指“实况转播的”。例如： a live fish 一条活鱼。 Do you like a live show or a recorded show ?   2）living意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：.My first teacher is still living . English is a living language . A living language should be learned through listening and speaking . He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present .注意：living 前加上 the , 表示类别，指“活着的人们”。例如： The living must finish the work of those dead .  living 还可用于短语，例如：make a living by doing谋生。 3）alive 意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限(本来会死但没有死)，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。例如： He is dead , but his dog is still alive .  He wanted to keep the fish alive. This is a fish alive.4）lively 则意为“活泼的”，“活跃”，“充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。例如： Jenny is a lively girl . Everything is lively here . 这儿一切都生机勃勃。 He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting .  live物定语现场的living人/物定语、表语Make a living/the livingalive人/物后置定语、表语、宾补生与死的界限lively人/物定语、表语、宾补生气勃勃的,无活着的意思1). Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest writer. He is still .A. living; alive B. living; living C. alive; living D. alive; lively 2).Is his grandmother still ?Yes, she is 102 years old!A. live B. living C. alive D. Lively14.take off 在此句中意为“起飞”，off 在此为副词表示“离开；走开”。take off 也有“脱下”之意，此时 off 为介词，后可直接跟宾语。Take off your coat. It's hot outside.脱下你的外套，外面炎热。15. The other planes were full so I had to wait till the next day. till 意为“到，直到”，相当于until. 用于肯定句时, 主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为“直到为止”。 She watched TV till her mother came back 用于否定句时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，也可以是延续性的，它所表示的动作直到till或until所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到（才）”。She didnt watch TV till her mother came back. 16.on April Fools Day 愚人节 make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人17.embarrass v 使尴尬embarrassed adj. 尴尬的(用来修饰人)embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的（修饰物）18.invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地 Thanks for your invitation= Thanks for asking/inviting me.19.show up 出席 on show =on display 展览 show off 炫耀 show sb. around 带某人参观show sb. sth=show sth to sb 向某人展示某物20.play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人play jokes on sb.对某人开玩笑 laugh at 嘲笑make fun of 取笑It's impolite to laugh at, stare at or play _on disabled people A. fun B. jokes C. tricks D. parts 21. Many people ran to their local supermarkets to buy as much spaghetti as they could. as +adj./adv.+ as sb. can / could = as + adj./adv.+ as possible. 尽可能的We must do everything as possible. = We must do everything as well as we can. 22.sell out 卖光 （用物作主语时，常用于被动语态 be sold out）give out 分发=hand out 分发 work out解答出 （人） run out of 用完 （物） run out用完 go out 出去 find out 查明 look out=be careful=take care 当心 take out 拿出 put out 熄灭cut out删除23.find out, look for 与 find(1)find out 强调经过调查、询问、研究等曲折过程后才能找出。如： Please find out when the train leaves. (2)look for 意为“寻找”，强调寻找的过程。(3) find 意为“发现，找到”，强调寻找的结果。24. end up doing sth.（以）结束；I must make good use of my spare time, or I will end up doing nothing.end up as最终成为He started as an employee and ended up as head of the firm.end up sth. 表示“结束某事” The scientist ended up his speech at last.end up with sth. （以）结束The students began with speaking English, but ended up with speaking Chinese.at the end of在末尾 in the end=at last=finally 最后25.marry v嫁娶 (1)A marry B. “A 与B结婚”Bill married Mary on January 1, 1994.(2)A and B get married = A and B are married A和B结婚get married 结婚 Kate and Tom get married last year.(3) marry A to B “ 把A 嫁给B” She married her daughter to a rich man.(4) be/get married to sb 与结婚26.(1)当hundred/ thousand/million/billion 前面有具体的数字时，用单数形式(2)当hundred/ thousand/million/billion 后与of 连用时用复数形式，具体的不加s 也不加of，不具体的加s 也加of27.How do you feel about? = What do you think of?= How do you like? “你怎样看待?” 用于提问对方对某事物的观点28. hear短语hear可用作及物动词，表示“听到”、“听见”，侧重于听的结果。如： I'm very sorry to hear that.hear后面还可以跟that从句，I hear that you've been here for several years. (2) hear of/about是指间接地“听到”“听说”后接名词性质的词。如： I have never heard of him before. 我以前从来没有听说过他。 hear of与hear about的意义相近它们含有“听人说起”，“从书报上看到关于”等意义 Ive never heard of him. 我从来没有听说过他。 Have you heard about him from anywhere?你从什么地方听到过他吗？ (3) hear from sb.=get/receive a letter from sb. 指“收到的来信”其宾语应是人，而不是信。如： I often hear from my parents.我经常收到父母的来信。29.get/be dressed 穿衣服wear 穿，戴（强调状态）宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。Youd better wear blue or black pants with blown shoes.put on 穿，戴（强调动作）后接衣服、鞋帽等。I want you to put on this coat and this hat.dress 给穿衣服宾语通常是人，意思是“给穿衣服”。dress oneself 或 get dressed表示给自己穿衣服。Its time to wake up and get dressed!in 后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。He was in a new black coat. The girl in red is my sister.30.keep用法1.keep +形容词 2.keep+sth/sb +形容词 3.keep +doing 一直做某事 4.keep/stop/prevent sb. . from doing . 阻止做某事。 5.keep a pet 饲养一个宠物 6.How long may I keep this book ？ keep指借。由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away (from) fall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep) get upbe up go outbe out finishbe over put on wear 或be onopen be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy/get have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy come to workworkmove to live in finish/end be over come to be in sit down be seated marry be married dress be dressedHe has been a soldier for three years. 他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years.我们（开始）学英语已三年了。How long can I keep this book? 这本书我可以借多长时间？31. get up 起床32.take a shower / get in the shower 洗澡 33.be 5 minutes late for 迟到5分钟34.in the backpack 在书包 / 背包里35. get back to school 回到学校36. start/begin teaching= start/begin to do 开始上课(3)37. brush ones teeth刷牙 38. wash ones face 洗脸 39. at least (反义： at most 最多）至少40. find a job 找到一个工作41. at the World Trade Center 在世贸中心42. arrive at +小地点/ arrive in+大地点 = get to sp. = reach sp. 到达某地(特殊点here/there/home/abroad) 43. What is going on= What is happening? 发生什么(同义句) 44. feel lucky to do sth 做某事感到很幸运 45. jump out of 跳出46. go straight to sp . 直接到某地47. get a chance (an opportunity) to say goodbye得到一个机会说再见 48. a costume party一个化妆舞会49. all night 整夜 50. take place 发生 happen51. sth. happens to sb.某人发生某事 sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事52. lose weight减肥 put on weight增肥53. move across 穿越 54. run away 逃离run away from sp. 从某地逃离 escape逃跑55. the luckiest day最幸运的一天56. in the middle of the road在路中间57.lead to 通向；导致 58. cancel a plan 取消一个计划 59. miss doing sth. 错过做某事60. a bowl of.一碗.61. leave my backpack at home 把背包忘在家里62. miss both events错过两个事件63. raise above the burning building 从正在燃烧的楼上升起64. collect the math homework收数学作业 65. complete the work for my boss 完成老板的工作66. make the apple pie制作苹果馅饼 67. add the green beans加绿豆荚68. fear spread across the whole country 恐惧席卷整个国家69. the unluckiest day of my life 一生中最不幸的一天 70. head west 向西行驶71. turn around 调头 72. make an unexpected discovery 作一个出乎意料的发现 73.it was two blocks east from my office它在离我办公室东面两个街区的地方74.take a holiday=have a holiday度假75.what bad luck76. the day before前一天77.call sb = telephone/phone/ring sb 78.there would be+n79. land on the earth在地球着陆80.a piece/slice of + U一片a piece of 比较泛，一块，一片，一件等等都可以用a piece of表示a slice of专门指一片（切片，用刀切下来的一片）83.stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚 stay up 熬夜不睡 My Most Unlucky DayToday is my most unlucky day. Yesterday I had a lot of homework to do, so I stayed up too late last night. And today my clock didnt go off, so I got up too late. After I got up, I found my bike was broken. Then I ran to the bus stop. Unfortunately, by the time I reached there, the bus had left. When I got to school, the teacher had begun her class. When I sat at my seat, I realized I had left my backpack at home. At noon I wanted to have lunch, and I found I had no money. After school, I couldnt go into my room because I had left my keys at school.What an unlucky day it is!【重点句子】1. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. 当我起床时，我哥哥已经进了浴室了。2. By the time I got outside, the bus had already gone. 当我出来时，公汽已经走了。3. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. 当我到达学校时，我才意识到我把背包忘在家里了。4. By the time I walked into class, the teacher had started teaching already. 当我走进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。5. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already showed up. 当我到达晚会时， 其他的每个人都已经到了。6. When he put the noodles into the bowl, he realized he had forgotten to add the green beans. 当他把面条放进碗里时，他意识到他忘了添加绿豆荚了。7. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building. 在她得到一个向他告别的机会之前，他已经进入楼房了。 8. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. 当我出来的时候，公共汽车已经走了。 by the time作连词引导时间状语从句，当从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时；当从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时或将来完成时。 如：By the time he was ten, Tom built a chemistry lab himself. 等到了十岁的时候，汤姆自己建了一个化学实验室。 Ill be in bed by the time you get home. 你到家时，我已经上床睡觉了。 9. When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home. 当她到学校时，她意识到她把背包忘在家里了。 表示“把某物忘在某处”要用词组leave sth in a place。 如： I've left my umbrella at home. 我把伞忘在家里了。 I left my book on the desk. 我把书忘在桌子上。 forget意为“遗忘某物”，指忘记一件具体的东西，但不能有具体的地点。 如：I forgot my umbrella yesterday. 我昨天忘了带伞。 Don't forget the cases. 别忘了带箱子。 3. above adv. 在上面 above的用法 （1）作介词 在上面 The moon is now above the trees. 月亮正位于树梢上。 在之上，超过 They are children above six years old. 他们是六岁以上的孩子。 高于；优于；胜过 In the company, Dick ranks above Tom. 在公司里，迪克的地位比汤姆高。 不屑于；不致于 He considered himself above doing such things. 他自认为是不会去做那种事的。 （2）作副词 在上面；向上面 There are snowy peaks above. 上面是白雪皑皑的群峰。 （级别、数目等）更高；更大；更多 Men and women of eighteen and above are eligible to vote. 年龄在十八岁以上的男女有投票表决权。 在上文 See the examples given above. 见上述例子。 （3）作名词 上文；上述事实 In addition to all of the above, she won a Prize in 1980. 除上述外，她还在1980年获奖。 4. alive adj. 活着的；有生气的 alive, living 与live （1）alive 主要用作表语（有时可用作后置定语，但不用作前置定语），可用于人或动物。如：He must be still alive. 他一定还活着。 注：若 alive 本身有修饰语，则也可用作前置定语。如：He is a really alive student. 他的确是一个十分活跃的学生。 （2）living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。 如：Are your grandparents still living？ 你的祖父母还健在吗？ alive 和 living 表示“活着的”，两者含义很接近，只要句法适合，有时可互换。如：谁是当代最伟大的诗人？ Who is the greatest living poet？ Who is the greatest poet alive？ 若需严格区分，两者仍有差别：living 通常是客观描述某人“尚在人间”或“健在”，而 alive 则主要指生与死的“界限”。 如：He was still alive when I reached the hospital. 当我赶到医院时他还活着。 （3）live 通常只用作定语（前置），可用于动物或植物，但一般不用于人。如： He bought some live fish. 他买了几条活鱼。 Only