中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项训练10篇(10页).doc

-中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项训练10篇-第 10 页中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项训练10篇师宗县竹基中学英语备课组 “完形填空（CLOZE TEST）”是云南省及曲靖市中考英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。完型填空就是给考生一篇语句连贯的短文，命题人有目的地在每隔一定数量的词语后挖去一处词语，形成总共10处词语空缺，然后在相应的空缺处设置包括二到三个干扰答案在内的三个或四个备选答案，需要考生从这些选项中选出一个最佳的答案。从完型填空的命题形式来看，待填充的10个填空不是孤立存在的，而是处在一整篇文章的大背景之中的。从这个角度，完型文章实际上是由未知信息(即10处填空)和已知信息(即10处填空之外的那些可以阅读到的信息)组成的。虽然未知信息是考生看不到的，但是未知信息与已知信息之间有着各种各样、千丝万缕的关系，命题者之所以将10个未知信息设置在大量的已知信息之中，就是要求考生在对这些已知信息进行充分把握和理解的基础上，通过已知信息去破解未知信息。完形填空题，考查的目的是在篇章中考查考生掌握基础知识、辨析词汇的能力。完形填空对考查归纳理解、综合思维等能力都是非常好的，有利于开发智力，把不完整的文章，通过自己的分析，变成完整的文章，这是对学生想像思维的训练。所以考生首先要正确对待这道题，解除心理障碍。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点： 1在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占1015，长度一般在130200个单词左右。 2降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。 3针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事体，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近几年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。 “完形填空”有多种形式，但它在基本设计原则上都是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去若干词，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答案（其中包括一个正确答案），让考生选出正确的答案；也可以给出单词首字母完形填空，或者给出字母及单词长度（由几个字母组成）；也可以不给考生提供任何线索，完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力完成。最常见的还是选择型的“完形填空”。 “抽词法”可以是有针对性地抽，也可以是随机地抽。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能力的考查，而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。 “完形填空”要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系，选出适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。 完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。 “完形填空”旨在测试考生的综合应用语言能力。因此，要做好“完形填空”，不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识，而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。 传统的完形填空(cloze test)通常是将一篇逻辑性较强的短文，留出若干个空，然后采用"四选一"的方法，将短文补充完整。它属于客观题型。如今的完形填空题除保留传统题型的优点外，还采用了选词填空(有多余选项)或根据上下文补全对话(或短文)等主观题型。但事实证明，完形填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一，且失分率较高。限于篇幅，笔者着重谈谈客观题型的解法。请看- 一、 目标要求 中考英语完形填空主要测试学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等。 二、 解题步骤 在做完形填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步： 1. 通览全文，了解大意 答题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完形填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置，"链条"从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达，结果往往由于"只见树木不见森林"而事倍功半。因此我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。 2. 综合考虑，先易后难 通览全文后，认真观察选项，瞻前顾后，仔细推敲，逐项选定。经过通读全文，对短文有了整体印象。在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。 3. 复读检验，消除疏漏 完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，加以改正，弥补疏漏。 三、 实例点拨 请根据下面短文内容，在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。 Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, _1_ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn_2_? It is not_3_to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their _4_. Many people learn English because it is_5_in their work. Some young people learn English_6_their higher studies because some of their books are_7_English. Other people learn English because they want to _8_newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to _9_ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very_10_in our life (生活). 1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other 2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese 3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice 4. A. books B. classes C. schools D. subjects (科目) 5. A. good B. useful (有用的) C. fine D. pleased 6. A. for B. of C. to D. from 7. A. in B. with C. at D. of 8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read 9. A. go B. work C. like D. come 10. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helpful 答题分三步： 第一步： 通览全文 通过通览全文，便知本文讲述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同，目的各异。 第二步： 逐项填空 本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。 1. 选B。some.other(s).意思是"一些另一些(泛指)"； some.the other(s).意思是"一些另一些(特指)"。由语境可知，在学英语的学生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。 2. 选A。根据上下文可知是English。 3. 选B。由文章内容来看，人们学习英语的原因多种多样，因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。 4. 选D。由常识可知，English是学生学习的科目(subject)之一。 5. 选B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语，那是因为English在他们的工作中很有用(useful)。 6. 选A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词for在此可表示目的、原因。 7. 选A。in English是习惯搭配。 8. 选D。"读报"英语习惯说read newspapers。 9. 选B。根据语境及句子结构，有些人学习英语或想出国(go to a country)或想在这些国家工作(work in a country)。 10. 选D。末句点题，"英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的(helpful)"。 第三步： 复读检验 将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，如果语句通顺，语意清楚，便结束本题，转做其它试题。最后须提醒大家一点，做好完形填空题并非一日之功。我们应从平日学习中做起，多积累，勤学苦练，方可成功！Have a greater success in the future！（1） Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also be very harmful (有害的). Fire can keep your house _1_, give light and cook food. But fire can burn things _2_. Big fire can burn, trees, houses, animals or people. Nobody knows how people began to use fire. But there are _3_. interesting old stories about how a man or woman started a fire. One is _4_ a man. The man _5_ a very long time ago. He went up the sun and _6_ fire down. Today people know how to make a fire with matches(火柴). Children sometimes _7_ to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper. and _8_ it could burn a house. A small fire can turn a big fire. very quickly. So you _9_ be careful with matches. Be careful with fire, and it will _10_ you. But if you arent careful with fire. and it may hurt you. 1. A. warm B. warmer C. cool D. cooler 2. A. also B. too C. either D. neither 3. A. many B. much C. little D. no 4. A. over B. about C. a little D. no 5. A. worked B. studied C. learned D. lived 6. A. bring B. take C. brought D. took 7. A. enjoy B. like C. don't like D. become 8. A. after B. late C. yet D. then 9. A. can B. man C. will D. must 10. A. help B. do C. tell D. hope Key: 1C 2C 3D 4C 5A 6B 7D 8A 9B 10D（2）English names and Chinese names are quite different in some 1 ways, but it's not hard for us to know Unlike Chinese, most English people have 2 names One is their family name, both of the other names are given names Their family name is 3 the given name They use Mr, Mrs or Miss with the 4 name, but they never use 5 with the first name For example, we can 6 a man named James Allan Green Mr Green, 7 we can't call him Mr James or Mr Allan People usually use Jim 8 James Jim is short for James because it's 9 to rememberBut Chinese names are the opposite A girl with the name Han Limei 10 her family name Han first Of course, she can be called Ah Mei for short in China if you wish1Aanother Bother Cothers Dthe others2Aone Btwo Cthree Dfour3Aabove Bfront Cback Dbehind4Alast Bgiven Cmiddle Dfull5Atheir Bthem Cits Dit6Aask Bsay Ccall Dwrite7Aso Bor Cand Dbut8Ainstead of Bfor long Cso far Dnext to9Aimportant Beasy Cdifficult Dinteresting10Aput Bputting Cputs Dwas putKEY: 1B 2C 3D 4A 5B 6C 7D 8A 9B 10C（3）Every day some people are killed while they are crossing the roads 1 of these people are old people and children Old people are often killed because they can't see or 2 very well Children are killed because they are not 3 They forget to look and listen before they 4 the roads A car or a bus can't stop 5 If a car is going very fast, it will travel many metres 6 it stops Some people don't always understand this They think a car can stop 7 a few metres It is difficult to 8 how fast a car is moving The only way to cross the roads safely is to look 9 ways, right and left Then if the roads are 10 , you can cross them1AMuch BMost CMore 2Ahear Bto hear Chearing3Acare Bcarefully Ccareful 4Aacross Bcome Ccross5Afast Bquickly Cquick 6Abefore Bwhile Cafter7Ain Bon Cat 8Aknow Blook Clisten9Aall Beach Cboth 10Afull Bempty CbusyKEY: 1B 2A 3C 4C 5B 6A 7A 8A 9C 10B（4）Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the schoolYesterday she came into the 1 with a big smile on her faceShe said to her 2 that she was 3 to see they did well in the sports meetingBut 4 was not pleased to see the classroom last Saturday not as 5 as usualShe hoped they would clean the classroom every day Wei Hua was on 6 yesterdayShe said everyone was at 7 except Lin TaoThen she told Miss Zhao about their 8 to the Great Wall last SundayLuckily the weather was 9 They played games and had a picnic thereAfter Wei Hua 10 her talk，Miss Zhao began her lesson 1Ashop Bclassroom Cpark Doffice 2Astudents Bteachers Cworkers Ddoctors 3Aangry Bsorry Cglad Dsad 4Ashe BI Cwe Dhe 5Adark Bold Clarge Dclean 6Atime Bduty Cfoot Dtop 7Ahome Bnoon Cnight Dschool 8Avisit Bmusic Cclock Dfootball 9Abad Bfine Crainy Dwindy 10Astarted Bhad Cfinished Dgave KEY: 1B 2A 3C 4A 5D 6B 7D 8A 9B 10C（5）Sam had a dog, Its name was Tod. it was very helpful, but it ate too much . So he didn't like it. he wanted to _1_ Tod. He _2_ Tod and put it in a small boat . he rowed(划)the boat to the _3_ of a big river. Just as he _4_ the poor animal into the river, the boat began to go down. _5_ the man and Tod _56_ into the river. Tod was able to swim, _7_ Sam couldn't. The dog bit(咬) the rope(绳子) and broke it . it tried its best to swim to _8_ Sam. The man was saved, so he was very thankful (感激的)to the dog, he didn't want to kill the dog _9_. From the on, he gave the dog as _10_ as it wanted. 1. A. sell B. buy C. beat D. kill 2. A. tied B. pulled C. pushed D. closed 3. A. front B. foot C. side D. middle 4. A. threw B. carried C. sent D. brought 5. A. Neither B. Nor C. Each D. Both 6. A. fell B. dropped C. lost D. jumped 7. A. because B. though C. but D. when 8. A. kill B. save C. meet D. hit 9. A. no more B. any more C. no longer D. not more 10. A. little B. few C. many D. much KEY: 1-5 DADAD 6-10 ACBBD（6）There were no classes that afternoon, so Henry went to a _1_ shop near his home. The shop sold many jackets. He looked _2_ them and at last chose a very nice one. He _3_ it on and then told the shopkeeper to put it into a _4_. At that time his friend Bruce came into the shop. They hadn't seen each other for a long time. They were so _5_ to meet again that they forgot _6_ else. Soon they were busy talking on and on happily. It was nearly six o'clock, _7_ they decided to go and have dinner together. Henry picked up the bag, and walked _8_ the door of the shop. The shopkeeper stopped them and asked Henry to pay for the _9_. Henry looked at him in surprise at first, but soon he remember that he hadn't paid for it. He said _10_ ,gave him the money and them left the shop with his friend. 1. A. fruit B. book C. food D. clothing 2. A. up B. for C. after D. at 3. A. put B. tried C. got D. turned 4. A. bag B. cup C. car D. pocket 5. A. worried B. interested C. pleased D. anxious 6. A. nobody B. anybody C. something D. everything 7. A. though B. so C. because D. but 8. A. towards B. through C. out of D. round 9. A. dinner B. bag C. jacket D. ticket 10. A. goodbye B. yes C. hello D. sorry KEY: 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D（7）Mr White works in an office. He liked reading in bed when he was at school. It was bad for his 1 and now he has near sight ( 近视 ). But he wouldnt want 2 to know about it and he never wears a pair of glasses. It often 3 him some trouble. One winter morning he was sent to a village school on business (出差 ). He 4 a bus at a stop in a small town. Then he had to walk there. The road to the village wasnt smooth (平坦). He fell over some times and it 5 his clothes dirty. 6 he got to the village. Suddenly it began to blow and it got colder. He was looking for the school while his 7 was blown off. He began to run after it but he couldnt get it. He couldnt understand why his hat ran into a house as if (似乎 ) it had 8 . And he ran into the house, 9 . A woman stopped him and shouted angrily, “ 10 are you running after my hen (母鸡 )for?” 1. A. ears B. nose C. mouth D. eyes 2. A. anybody else B. nobody C. woman D. somebody 3. A. follows B. takes C. brings D. carries 4. A. took off B. got off C. got on D. came on 5. A. let B. made C. gave D. felt 6. A. At first B. At home C. At times D. At last 7. A. clothes B. bag C. hat D. glasses 8. A. legs B. hands C. shoes D. arms 9. A. always B. also C. either D. too10. A. What B. Why C. Which D. Who Key: 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A （8）Once there was an old man in a town. He always forgot 1 things. So his wife al-ways had to say to him, “Dont forget this!” One day he went on a long trip (旅行 )alone. Before he 2 home, his wife said, “Now you have all these 3 . They are what you need for your trip. Take care of your things during the trip.” He went to the station, bought a ticket and 4 the train with it. About half 5 hour later, the conductor began to see the tickets. He came to the old man and 6 , “Will you please show me your ticket?” The old man looked for his ticket in all his pockets, but he could not find 7 . He was very worried. “I cant find my ticket. I really bought a ticket 8 I got on the train,” said the old man. “I believe (相信)you bought a ticket. All right, you dont have to buy 9 one,” said the conductor kindly. “But how can I know where Im going? I cant 10 my station!” the old man said sadly. 1. A. a lot of B. a kind of C. a piece of D. a pair of 2. A. got B. left C. went D. moved 3. A. money B. clothes C. tickets D. things 4. A. had on B. went on C. got on D. passed on 5. A. a B. an C. the D. this 6. A. say B. said C. says D. saying 7. A. it B. this C. that D. ticket 8. A. when B. till C. before D. after 9. A. other B. the other C. the ot