PIC种猪饲养管理组织技术.ppt

Source: Statistical from Jan. 02 to Jan.03,PIC中国公司技术服务部牛如广-2005-,PIC种猪饲养管理技术 Management of PIC Breeding Pigs,康贝尔母猪在中国的生产性能Camborough Performance In China,Source: Statistical from Jan. 02 to Jan.03,PIC的产品,PIC的产品,简述,后备母猪的培养 最大程度蛋白质的沉积 Maximize protein growth 控制体重的过快增长Controlled weight gain 达到合适的种用体况Achieve body tissue targets 妊娠期 Gestation 各阶段的饲喂评定 Critical stages of feeding 胚胎的生长 Tissue gain (restoration) 哺乳期 Lactation 尽可能地多采食 Maximize Intake 尽量减少失重Minimize tissue loss,后备母猪的培养Gilt Development- 营养需要Nutritional Requirements,营养 Nutrition 保育 育成 Nursery-Grower 保持最快速度的生长Maximize lean tissue growth rate 育肥 Finisher Maximize lean tissue growth rate; however, dont maximize throughput 饲料配方比屠宰猪的能量低一点 Lower energy diets than commercial 蛋白能量比与屠宰猪相近 Same amino acid to energy ratios as commercial diets 有效磷含量0.35% .35 available phosphorus 添加复合维生素B 及铬 Added B vitamins, choline, and chromium,PIC 康贝尔后备母猪的培养建议Gilt Development PIC C22 Recommendations,生长猪(25-65kg) Growing gilts (From 25 to 65 Kg) 饲喂与营养 Feeding and Nutrition 自由采食 Gilts should be fed on ad-libitum basis (free access to feed) 饲料配方与生长猪相近Diets could be similar to grower pigs 清洁的饮水Availability of clean water at all times. 15头猪至少有一个饮水器 One nipple per 15 pigs more 圈舍与环境 Housing and environment 后备母猪的栏位与育肥舍相近 Gilts should be housed in pens, similar to finisher 饲养密度与育肥舍相近 Space allowances should be similar as commercial (7 8 sqft) 室温适中 Temperature should be in the thermo-neutral range between (18-23 C ). 保证足够的通风 Provide adequate ventilation,隔离驯化期 60-120kg solation and Acclimation 60 Kg-120 Kg This important process should continues in this period. 圈舍Housing 种猪应合理分群饲养 Gilts should be housed preferably in pens 每天饲喂2-3次，保证能够采食到足够量的饲料，但也避免浪费 If in stalls, full feed to avoid wastage and improve intake feed 2 or 3 times/day 每头种猪的饲养空间至少应为屠宰猪的1.5倍 Space allowances in pens should be of minimum 150% of commercial production 每栏饲养12头左右，最多不超 过18-20头 Group size should be 12 with maximum of 18-20 gilts/pen 公猪刺激其性成熟，控制其生长速度Boar Exposure to slow growth and to stimulate estrus 日增重为680g Goal ADG 680 gr,PIC 康贝尔后备母猪的培养建议Gilt Development PIC C22 Recommendations,“清洁的环境，干燥的地板，良好的通风，适宜的温度 Environment should be clean, with dry flooring, well ventilated with adequate temperature” 温度的重要性 Temperature in thermo neutral zone for gilts, (18-23 C ) 过高或过低的温度都会影响种猪的性成熟 过高的温度还会影响种猪的采食量 过低的温度需要消耗额外的饲料来维持体能 光照(对种猪有影响但还未得到证实)Lighting (effect not clearly demonstrated) 每天应提供给种猪12-16小时的光照 空气质量 Air quality 如果The development of gilts in closed barns imposes the need for systems that provide adequate ventilation and air quality Provide with fresh air while target temperature and relative humidity are maintained. Recommended ventilation rates in gilts: (CFM/head) Cold (0.34); Moderate (1.13); Hot (4.25),PIC 康贝尔后备母猪的培养建议 Gilt Development PIC C22 Recommendations,“清洁的环境，干燥的地板，良好的通风，适宜的温度 Environment should be clean, with dry flooring, well ventilated with adequate temperature” 空气质量 Air quality 如果是封闭式的猪舍，应该保证良好的通风以提高空气质量 The development of gilts in closed barns imposes the need for systems that provide adequate ventilation and air quality 在保证温度和湿度适宜的前提下，保持空气新鲜 Provide with fresh air while target temperature and relative humidity are maintained. 推荐的种猪猪舍空气流通量 Recommended ventilation rates in gilts: (CFM/head) 冷Cold (0.34);适中 Moderate (1.13);热 Hot (4.25),PIC 康贝尔后备母猪的培养建议 Gilt Development PIC C22 Recommendations,Kg/day,PIC康贝尔种猪从被选 作种用到第一次断奶间的采食量 Feeding Level for PIC C22 Gilts From Selection Through First Weaning,Ad Lib*,To condition 2.2 2.5 *,2.3- 2.7,Ad lib,被选作种用 Selection,配后100天 Day 100,产仔前Pre-farrow 哺乳Lactation,再配Service,初配 Service,断奶Wean,To appetite,Gestation,130 Kg P2 16-18 mm,P2 16-18 mm,P2 18-20 mm,*Feed level depends on delivery weight. Ex: 220 lbs (Ad Lib); 250 lbs (5.0 lbs/d). *Promote growth but dont let get too fat. P2 endpoint, 18-20 mm.,2.2,Ad lib for 7 d,Lactation,Gestation,Isolation 0.42%有效磷 粗纤维 Fiber 4 5 % 添加量 added 原料取决于价格和实用性 Source dependent on cost/availability,妊娠期 圈舍及环境要求 Gestation(Housing and Environment),需要考虑到圈舍及环境因素 Housing & Environment Considerations 定位栏饲养优于群体饲养 如可能，定位栏饲养 妊娠舍栏位应保证清洁干燥 适宜的温度应为 (18-23 C ). 最低温度为 14 C. 如果使用滴水等降温系统，最高温度不超过23-26 C 在早期妊娠阶段，过高的温度(30 C +) 会导致初配母猪的胚胎死亡 空气质量 : 湿度50%-80% 一氧化碳< 50 ppm 氨气< 25 ppm 通风 , CFM (Cold 12, Temperate 40, Hot 150),哺乳期饲养 饲喂程序的执行,重点 Keys 根据农场实际情况 System dependent 尽可能地多采食 Dont let program minimize feed intake 每天多次饲喂 Feed multiple times/day 制作饲料消耗卡 Feed Cards 优点 遵循固定的程序 Follows specific pattern 及时知道母猪采食状况 Know when sows are off feed 缺点 费时 Takes time 记录的准确性？ Recording accuracy questionable,哺乳期饲养 饲喂程序的执行,一贯的饲喂方式 Feeding Methods Continued 务必保证饲槽里的饲料干净新鲜 Keep clean/fresh feed in feeder at all times 每天清理饲槽 Clean feeders daily 必要时除去被污染的饲料 Remove spoiled feed as needed,哺乳期的饲养管理,哺乳期间饲料消耗量与窝产仔数间的关系,aFirst Litter 350 lbs BW. PGR = 165, 230, and 265 g/d for weeks 1, 2, and 3. bIntake estimate based on: 1,530 Mcal/lb, 85% of energy balance achieved.,从产仔到断奶间的饲喂 How to Feed the Sow from d-1 to Weaning,康贝尔母猪哺乳期的饲喂水平 Feed Intake Levels for Lactating Cam 22 Sows Average Intake in Kg by Parity and Seasonal Range Observed ,21 d lactation,5.2 4.8,5.5 5.18,6 5.5,6.26 6,S. Pollo,初产母猪的培养- 断奶体重与发情间隔的关系,Williams and Mullan, 1989,y = 0.0028x2 - 1.0337x + 102.17,R2 = .762,0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,80,100,120,140,160,180,200,220,Weight of sow at weaning, kg,Wean to mating interval, d,影响采食量的因素,水流量 (饮水不充足会引起便秘) 保证24小时都可以采食 24 hour feed access 饲料配方稳定 Consistent diet composition 粉料或颗粒料 高质量的颗粒料促进采食 低质量的颗粒料降低采食,康贝尔母猪哺乳期的饲养 Management of C22 sows in Lactation,在圏舍方面 About the room 圏舍清洁，干燥且消毒过的 Have the room clean, dry and disinfected 设施齐全 Have all needed equipment in place (heat lamps, mats, etc.) 温度适宜 Room temperature should be comfortable for the sows (18-22 C ) 饲槽及饮水器运作良好 Feeders and nipples should be in good condition 饮水器的水流2公升每分种 Water flow of 0.5 gal/minute (2 lt/min) is needed 水压不要过高 Low water pressure 在转猪方面 Moving the sows 进入产房前需清洗母猪 Wash the sows before entering into farrowing room 轻轻地将母猪赶到产房 Move the sows gently to the room 在早晨将母猪赶到产房 Move them early in the morning 将相应的母猪卡片转移到产房 Bring sow in with her individual card,产房的环境要求 Farrowing Environment,空气质量 Air quality 氨气Ammonia< 25 ppm 一氧化碳Carbon monoxide< 50 ppm 湿度 Humidity50%-80% 通风 Ventilation rate 冷 Cold 20 CFM 适中Temperate 80 CFM 热 Hot500 CFM (400 if drippers are used),PIC的产品,产房的温度要求Farrowing Room Temperature,圈舍温度 适宜的圏舍温度 促进母猪采食量，提高其泌乳性能，每天至少饲喂三次 圈舍温度的调节应根据母猪的需求而非乳猪 产仔前 16-20 C 产后第一天至第三天 20-22 C 产后第四天至断奶 18-20 C,如何达到妊娠期最佳的采食量？What Compromises Lactation Intake ?,食欲下降，泌乳 Devastates intake and milk output 营养水平的高低对其采食量无太大影响 Little can be done nutritionally 最好的选择- 早期断奶 Most powerful options split or early wean,在天气很热的情况下Extreme Heat Stress,从断奶到配种间隔的饲养 Wean to Service Interval,目标: 减少从断奶到配种的间隔时间 使用妊娠饲料或哺乳饲料 Use Gestation or Lactation feed 尽可能地多饲喂Feed as much as possible 每天饲喂2-3次，但也要避免浪费 Feed 2-3 times a day to avoid feed wastage 随时保证充足的饮水 Water should be available at all times preferably through Nipple 评定体况较差的猪只并使其尽快恢复 Identify sows in poor condition to start recovering them, soon 在断奶后第一天就用公猪诱情 Work with the boar for estrus stimulation from day 1 after weaning,从断奶到配种间隔的饲养 Wean to Service(环境卫生角度 Hygiene & Environment),需要考虑到的环境卫生 Hygiene & Environment Considerations 配种区必须干净，干燥并且消毒过的Breeding area should be clean, disinfected and dry 圈栏必须冲洗、消毒，并且必须干燥后再进断奶猪 Wash, disinfect and let the crates dry before placing weaned sows 适宜的温度 Temperature comfort zone (18-23 C ). 最低的临界温度 Minimal critical temperature is 13 C 空气质量 Air quality : 湿度 Humidity50%-80% 氨气 Ammonia< 25 ppm 一氧化碳 Carbon Monoxide< 50 ppm 通风 Ventilation rate Cold 14 CFM, Temperate 50 CFM and Hot 300 CFM,从断奶到配种间隔的饲养 Wean to Service(圈舍方面),将母猪轻轻地从产房赶到指定的配种区域Move sows gently from farrowing house into designated breeding area 断奶母猪定位栏饲养 House weaned sows in individual stalls or crates 与公猪充分接触 (视觉，声音及嗅觉) Provide good contact with boars (sight, sound and smell) 定位栏设计需符合下列条件 Crate design should allow 与公猪充分接触 good contact with the boar 转猪方便 (有前门及后门) easy movement of the sow (front and back door) 有利于输精 rear access for insemination 猪只、人员及设备进出配种区域方便安全Flow of breeding area should allow easy and safe movement of boar, staff and A.I. Equipment,48,36,24,12,0,12,24,36,48,60,小时,在公猪前静立 (发情期)(约2.5天),发出求偶声阶段,低不要输精,低等待至下次发情,高输精,受胎力,AI53795,受精曲线,公猪特征,静立，骑背试验，约1天,48,36,24,12,0,12,24,36,48,60,小时,阴门红肿，下沉，大约4天,前情期,发情期,后情期,环境管理,无 早 期 补 饲,健康,断奶,出生,7日龄,14日龄,21日龄,下痢少,早期补饲,下痢,早期补饲免疫耐性,无下痢,过敏反应 在断奶前日采食量达600克且具有消化系统免疫耐力的仔猪。,健康怎样降低断奶应激,按体重和性别分栏，弱小仔猪同栏以便更好的饲养管理。 密度不可太大，每栏10-20头，每头5-25公斤的仔猪应需圈栏0.25m2。 在最初24小时保持50%的光照，有助于猪只尽快安顿下来。 按年龄和体重保持适宜的舍温，并避免贼风。 风速 0.15米/秒以内。 温差在2C以内。,谢谢大家！,