九年级英语第二单元知识点梳理(9页).doc

-九年级英语第二单元知识点梳理-第 9 页九年级英语第二单元知识点梳理一、重点短语1.put on增加（体重）发胖 2.care about关心在乎3.end up最终成为，最后处于 4.not only but also不但而且 5.shoot down射下 6.used to do过去常常做7.remind sb. of使某人想起 8.give out分发 发放9.the water festival泼水节 10.the Chinese spring festival中国春节11.next year明年 12.sound like听起来像13.each other互相彼此 14.in the shape of 以的形状15.on mid-autumn night在中秋之夜 16.fly up to飞向 17.lay out摆开布置 e back回来 19.as a result 结果因此 20.mothers day 母亲节21.more and more popular越来越受欢迎 22.think of想起认为思考23.dress up 装扮穿上盛装 24.the importance of 的重要性25.make money挣钱 26.in need需要帮助 处于困境中27.between and在和之间 28.the dragon boat festival 龙舟节29.the lantern festival 元宵节 30.like best最喜欢31.go to for a vacation去度假 32.be similar to 与相似33.wash away 冲走洗掉 34.mid-autumn festival 中秋节35.shoot down射下 36.call out大声呼喊 37.the tradition of 的传统 38.at night在夜里在晚上 39.one，the other一个，另一个 40.Fathers day父亲节 41.have to必须 不得不 42.play a trick on sb捉弄某人 43.the spirit of 的精神 44.care about关心 45.wake up醒来 46.the beginning of 的开始the Lantern Festival 元宵节   the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节 the Water Festival 泼水节eat five meals a day 一天吃五餐 put on five pounds 体重增加了五磅 lose weight减肥in two weeks 两星期之后 be similar to. 与.相似throw water at each other 互相泼水 in the shape of. 呈的形状   folk stories民间传说故事  lay out摆开;布置 the story of Chang，e嫦娥的故事 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 have good luck in the new year在新的一年里有好运气end up最终成为;最后处于 end up with以结束 share sth with sb 与分享as a result结果 one . the other. (两者中)一个另一个 care about 关心20. dress up 乔装打扮  haunted house 鬼屋play a trick on sb.捉弄某人 give out 分发 give up放弃trick or treat (万圣节用语)不给糖果就捣蛋 light candles the importance of的重要性 take sb around=show sb around带某人到处走走warn sb to do sth.警告某人做某事  warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要做某事the beginning of new life 新生命的开始 remind sb of 使某人回想起promise to do sth.承诺做某 treat sb. with. 用/以对待某人二、重点知识点1.stranger用法  n. 陌生人 =strange(adj) + (e)r  【拓展】异乡人,外地人,新来者  I am a stranger here. 我不是本地人. 2.put on 用法 增加体重;发胖; 穿上,戴上(强调动作); 上演,举办.put on 的其他含义:穿上；戴上My mother put on her coat and went out.上演；举办One summer our children put on a play.3. steal用法vt. 偷,窃取  stolestolen； steal sth. from sb./sw. 从某人或某地偷某物4.lay out 用法lay out  摆开,布置  lay out sth in sw  将某物摆放在某处lay v. 安置,安放, 产卵,下蛋  laid laid lie 平躺 lay lain           lie 撒谎 lied lied 5. admire 用法vt. 欣赏,仰慕 + sb./sth admire sb./sth for (doing)sth  因(做)某事而佩服/欣赏某人 6. trick or treat  不请客就捣蛋 trick n. 花招,把戏play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人treat 用法：n. 款待,招待 v. 款待,请客Its my treat. 我请客  treat sb. to sth 请某人吃看待;当作与as 连用 treat as 把.当作治疗  Which doctors are treating him for his illness. 为某人治疗7. punish 用法v. 处罚,惩罚  be punished for 因受惩罚n. punishment  adj. punishable 应惩处的,可依法惩处的8. warn 用法 v 警告,告诫1)warn sb (not) to do sth. 警告,告诫某人做某事2)warn sb. about sth . 提醒/告诫某人注意某事3)warn sb. of/ against (doing) sth . 告诫某人提防某事4)warn (sb.)that从句9. dead 用法是形容词，意为“死的；失去生命的”，常用于名词前定语或作系动词的表语。n. death；  v. die ；die of 因而死疾病,情感内因； die from 因而死外伤,事故外因10. go for a vacation 去度假  go on a vacation 在度假11.in+时间段 以后将来时间  after+时间段过去式   after+时间点一般将来时12.true和real 辨析true  强调事实与实际情况相符,并非杜撰,捏造的. real 强调客观存在,并非想象的或虚构的13.be similar to 意为“与相似”辨析：to similar to 与be similar withbe similar to 后面既可以接物也可以接人，即be similar to sth./sb.; be similar to 后面可接从句be similar with 后面只能接人，即be similar with sb.14.throw用法throw-threw-thrown  扔 throw at 向扔 ； throw away 扔掉； throw sth to sb.扔给 15. wish用法n 常用复数形式 wishes 祝福,愿望  v. wish sb sth /wish sb .to do sth/wish that 从句； 16. plan用法 plan to do sth.  “计划/打算做某事”； 17.light用法light adj. 轻的; 浅色的; 少量的,轻微的;   v. 点燃;点火light-lit-lit可数名词: 电灯; 不可数名词: 光线,光亮,光 18.promise用法promise sb sth 允诺某人某事;  promise sb. to do sth 承诺/答应做某事;promise that 从句二重点句型用法集萃1.感叹句式一：What+（a/an）+adj+名词（+主语+谓语+其他）！多么的感叹句式二：How +adj/adv+主语+谓语+其他！多么！2.in+时间段 在后3.give sb. sth. 给某人某物 4.plan to do sth计划做某事5.refuse to do sth拒绝做某事 6.one of +名词复数形式之一7.it +is+名词+动词不定式（to do sth）做某事是 8.what think of？认为怎么样？9.make sb do sth让某人做某事 10.used to be 过去是11.warn sb（not）to do sth告诫某人做某事 12.tell sb（not）to do sth告诉某人做某事13.decide to do sth决定做某事 14.promise to do sth承诺、答应做某事三语法讲解1、申申老师重点讲解宾语从句语法：一宾语从句常用连词有：a.当宾语从句用(that)时，要注意此时that是不充当从句句子成分的，同时that也没有含义。（that无含义，不做成分）b.当宾语从句用(if或whether)时，注意此时(if或whether)也是不充当句子成分的，但是(if或whether)要翻译成“是否”c.当宾语从句用特殊疑问句(what什么,which哪一个,who谁（做主语）,whom谁（做宾语）,whose谁的（做定语）时，这些词要充当句子成分，并且要翻译成他们本身的含义。二陈述语序（宾语从句一定要用陈述语序，这个是考试非常爱考的考点。三.时态（一定要注意当主句谓语是过去时的时候，宾语从句谓语一定要用过去的时态，这个考点也超级爱考），只有一直情况就是当从句内容论述客观事实和真理时永远用一般现在时。四、补充内容：可跟that从句做宾语的动词：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等例：I dont know what they are looking for.（注意这句话的语序，用了陈述语序）Could you tell me when the train will leave?（注意这句话的语序，用了陈述语序）注意：当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.注意：由whether,if引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的,意思是“是否”。例：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.（注意这句话的语序，用了陈述语序）注意：当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.（注意这句话用了一般现在时）下面内容是书面讲解宾语从句（一）在复合句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.（二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.（三）宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如： I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.讲解宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths.She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如：I don't know which sweater I should buy.I don't know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Could you tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.注意：宾语从句小口诀：新-课-标- 第-一-网宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。语法讲解2.申申老师感叹句结构讲解：How+adj. /adv. +主+谓！How tall Yao Ming is!How + adj.+a/an+n(单数)+主语+谓语！How clever a dog( it is )!What (a/an)+ adj.+名+主+谓！例：What an interesting story (it is)!=How interesting a story (it is)!注意当what感叹句的名词是复数名词或不可数名词时，a/an要去掉。句子变成What+ adj.+名(复数或不可数)+ (主+谓)！最后，what感叹句中的主谓是可以并且也常常省略的。注意：由于感叹句是很多初中生不会的知识点，所以下面我们在来一起复习一遍感叹句结构吧，学习英语的秘籍就是不断的重复重复在重复，重复一：由what引导的感叹句what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：1. What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如：What an apple （this is）! What a fine day（ it is）!2. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！What kind women（ they are）! What nice music （it is）!重复二：由How引导的感叹句how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！How hard the worker are working!How clever the girl is!How quickly the boy is writing!语法讲解3、重点讲解直接引语和间接引语第一部分基本概念：引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。典型例句：1. She said ,” I like English very much. “ （直接引语）（她说：“我非常喜欢英语”。）典型例句：2. She said（that可以省略哦） she liked English very much. （间接引语）（她说她非常喜欢英语。）第二部分：直接引语变间接引语（一）人称变化人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化Eg：She said. “My brother wants to go with me.”She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称Eg：He said to Kate，"How is your sister now?"He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化Eg：Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.直接引语变为间接引语（二）-时态变化直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。1. She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen.2. She said. “We hope so.” She said they hoped so.3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。”She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来 过去将来)但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。Eg： “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Eg：Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Eg： Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.”Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。Eg：He said, “I get up at six every morning.”He said he gets up at six every morning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。Eg：Peter said，“You had better come have today.”Peter said I had better go there that day.直接引语变间接引语(三)句型变化句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。Eg：She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句Eg：He said, “Can you swim, John?” He asked John if he could swim.“You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。Eg：She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。Eg：“Dont make any noise,” she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.“Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”Eg：He said, “ Lets go to the film.” He suggested going to the film. He suggested that they should go to see the film.