介词的用法辨析(4页).doc

-介词的用法辨析-第 4 页介词的用法辨析 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：表示时间时：in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间； 表示地点时：in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床) / His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在电影院) after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在时刻之后”常用于一般时态；“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来) since与for表示时间的用法区别：“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从起一直到现在”,“for +(一段时间)”表示“总共有之久”,都常用于完成时态；如：Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工厂工作了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了30多年) by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者；in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/ Lets go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的) about与on的用法区别：都可以表示“有关”about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关(专题/课程)”。如：Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(汤姆要作一个美国历史的报告)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他们兴致勃勃地谈论着即将来到的野外旅游) through与across、over的用法区别： through指“穿过(门洞/人群/树林)”;着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过 across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。over多表示从“上方越过” past表示从“面前经过” 如：Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那时一只老鼠跑过路面)/ There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)/ They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他们翻过大山提前到达了那里)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)Someone has just gone past the window. (7)as与like的区别：两个词都表示“像”,as译为“作为”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实like译为“像一样”,表示外表,不是事实。如：Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父亲的身份和你讲话。)(说话者是听者的父亲) / Let me speak to you like a father.(让我像一位父亲一样和你讲话)(说话者不是听者的父亲)(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法区别：at the end of既可以表示时间也可以表示地点,译为“在末；在尽头”,常与过去时连用；by the end of只能表示时间,译为“在前；到为止”,常用于过去完成时； in the end与at last基本等义,表示“终于、最后”,通常用于过去时；to the end译为“到的终点为止”,前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。如: By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上学期期末我们已经学习了第三册16个单元)/ At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的尽头你能找到一幢有棕色窗户的白房子)/ They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他们动身去了北京)/ In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最终在期末考试中考及格了)/ We should go on with the work to the end.(我们应该把工作干到底)/ Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿这条路走到底就能看见一家邮电局)(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的区别：for a moment“一会儿、片刻”(=for a while),常与持续性动词连用；for the moment“暂时、目前”,常用于现在时；in a moment“一会儿、立即、马上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于将来时；at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于现在进行时。如：Please wait for a moment.(请稍等)/ Lets leave things as they are for the moment.(暂时就维持现状吧！) Ill come back in a moment.(我过会儿回来)/ I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)(10)but的问题： 用介词but引出另一个动词时,要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形动词,前面没有do时,后面的动词要加to。如：I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) / They had no choice(选择) but to fight.(他们没有选择只有战斗)(11)in front of 与in the front of： in front of“在的前面”, 与in the front of“在的前部”。如：A car was parking in front of the hall.(大厅跟前停着一辆汽车)/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大厅前部立着一个大讲台) (12) except与besides的区别：except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含；而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅又”。如：Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宫博物院)(Tom没有去故宫) Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了汉语之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一)(13) 动作介词to与toward的用法辨析介词to表示向某处移动，介词toward 表示移向某处，如：They were driving to work together. We're moving toward the light. (15)材料介词of和from的用法of用于成品与材料的性质不变时， 如：The desk is made of wood. from用于成品与材料的性质已变时， 如：Wine is made from grapes. (16)表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析in表示“用材料、语言” 如：Can you say it in English? with表示“用工具、某物” 如：with a pen by表示“用、以、靠、通过方法” 如：He prefers traveling by car. (17)介词between与among的用法辨析between 表示“在两者之间” 如：Dont sit between the two girls. among表示“在当中（三者或以上）” 如：They lived among the mountains in the past. (18)时间介词during与for的用法辨析当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during 如：He swims every day during the summer. 如果一段时间不明确则用介词for 如：I havent seen her for years. (19)时间介词before与by的用法辨析before表示“在之前”如：He wont come back before five . by表示“到时为止，不迟于”如：The work must be finished by Friday. 方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。如：She went across the street to make some purchases. 介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。如：The sunlight was coming in through the window. 介词over多表示从“上方越过”，如：He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it. 介词past表示从“面前经过”，如：Someone has just gone past the window.