人教版英语八年级下unit4讲解与练习(21页).doc

-人教版英语八年级下unit4讲解与练习-第 21 页Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?1. I have to study too much so I dont get enough sleep. 1) 此处so为连词，意为“因此，所以”，引导结果状语从句。 例：He had a bad cold yesterday so he didnt go to school.中考链接（2012. 广东）Ben was busy taking a training class, _ we had to wait for him for half an hour. A. so B. if C. or D. But 2) 此处sleep 为不可数名词，意为“睡觉，睡眠” 例：Do you ever talk in your sleep？ 【拓展】sleep (slept, slept) 也可作不及物动词，意为“睡觉”例：She goes to sleep at nine oclock every night.2. I have too much homework so I dont have any free time to do things I like. 1)词语辨析 Too much:词义_可修饰_举例_ Much too:词义_可修饰_举例_ Too many:词义_可修饰_举例_ 2) 此处to do things 为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词time.例：Would you like something _?你想要吃点什么吗？3. My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends. 1) 此处allow作及物动词，意为“允许”Allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事例句：I cant allow you to talk to Mom like that.【拓展】a. Allow sth. 允许某事 b. Allow doing sth. 允许做某事 2）此处hang out (hung out) 意为“闲逛，溜达”例：He often hangs out with his friends.4. Im really tired because I studied until midnight last night. 此处until为介词，意为“直到.为止”，同义词为till. It may last until tomorrow. 【拓展】until为连词，意为“直到.为止”，引导时间状语从句。 I will stay with you until your mother comes back.5. Why dont you go to sleep earlier this evening? 辨析：go to sleep, go to bed与sleep Go to sleep: “去睡觉，入睡”，强调动作 Go to bed: “去睡觉”，表示上床去睡这个动作，与get up相对 Slept：“睡觉”，不及物动词，强调睡的全过程，为延续性动词例：He often goes to bed at nine.He went to sleep early, for he was very tired.She sleeps for just six hours.6. I am not good at writing letters.Be good at意为“擅长，在.（方面）做得好”，后面接名词、代词或动名词。其同义短语为do well in.He is good at maths. = He does well in maths.辨析：Be good at: “擅长，善于，在.（方面）做得好”，后面接表示事物的动名词、代词或动名词Be good for: “对.有益（有用）”，后面接表示人或物的名词或代词Be good to : “对.好（和善）”，后面接人或人格化的名词或代词Be good with: “与.相处的好”，后面接表示人的名词或代词7. I dont want to talk about it on the phone.Talk about 意为“谈论”，后面接人或事。 例： He talked about his plan.8. Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. Look through 意为“翻阅，浏览，仔细看”，为“动词+介词”短语，后面接物。 例：Look through your notes before the exam. 9. Although shes wrong, its not a big deal.1) although 作连词，意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。（2012. 江西）_ the girl is only nine, she takes care of her brother and cooks meals every day. A. If B. Because C. Although D. As 2） big deal为习语，用于口语，意为“什么大不了的事，重要的事，要人”。 例： Its no big deal! I can find another job any time.3） deal名词，意为“协议，交易” 例：I would like to make a deal with you.【拓展】a. Deal作名词，意为“大量”，航用于短语a good/great deal (of sth.)中 例： She reads a good/great deal of books. b. Deal作不及物动词，常与介词with连用，意为“处理，应付” How did you deal with the bike?10. My problem is that I cant get on with my family.Get on with sb.意为“和某人和睦相处，和某人关系很好”，同义短语为get along (well)with sb. 例：She cant get on with her sister. 【拓展】a.get on with sth.(=get along with sth.)意为“取得进展” 例：I am not getting on very fast with this work.b.get on (=get along) 意为“进展，进步”，后接副词或用于how引导的疑问句中。例：Linda is getting on well at school.11. They fight a lot, and I really dont like it. A lot此处修饰动词fight，意为“很，非常，常常”。 例： She laughed a lot.【拓展】a.a lot可与形容词或副词比较级连用，意为“很，非常” 例： I am feeling a lot better today. b.a lot of (或lots of)作形容词，修饰复数名词或不可数名词，意为“许多，大量”。 例： There are a lot of people in the park.12. I dont know if I should say anything to them about this. If作连词，此处引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，同义词为whether. 例：I dont know it/whether he will come. 【拓展】if作连词，还常用来引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假如” 例：We will go to play football if it doesnt rain tomorrow.13. When they argue, its like a big, black cloud hanging over our home. 1） argue 此处用作不及物动词，意为“争吵，争论”。、 例： The boy argued with his mother about his homework. 2）此处like作介词，意为“像.一样”。 例：I am going to be a pop star like Micheal Jackson. 辨析：like与asLike:“像.一样”，作介词，用于说明相似关系，指两者在形态上或性质上有相似之处As:“作为，看作”，作介词，用于说明同一关系，指身份、资格等。对比：He works like a worker.He works as a worker.3） 此处over作介词，意为“在.上方” 例：The sun is shining over our head.14. Also, my elder brother is not nice to me. Elder形容词，意为“年纪较长的”，是old的一种比较级形式，主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系。例: His elder sister is at school.辨析：elder与olderElder: 年纪较长的，只可指人，用来比较年龄长幼，尤指兄弟姐妹的长幼关系，只能作定语Older：年龄较大的，较老的，较旧的，可指人，也可指物，在句中可作定语，也可作表语填空：My _ sister is three years _ than I.15. Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.1） instead作副词，意为“代替，反而，却”，修饰整个句子作状语。 例： Jack was ill, so I went instead. He never works, instead he plays all day and all night.中考链接2）whatever作代词，意为“任何事物，无论什么”，引导名词性从句。 例：You can eat whatever you like.【拓展】whatever作连接代词，意为“无论什么”，引导让步状语从句。 例：Dont change your plans, whatever happens.16. At home I always feel lonely and nervous. Nervous形容词，意为“焦虑的，担忧的，紧张的” 例：He got nervous at the English exam.17. If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. Offer常作及物动词，意为“主动提出，自愿给予，提供”。常见结构为：offer to do sth., offer sb. sth. 和offer sth. to sb.词语辨析：offer和provideOffer：“愿意给予，主动提出”，常用于offer sb. sth. 或offer sth. to sb. 结构Provide：为做好准备而“提供，供给”，常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb.结构（2013. 山东莱芜）The little boy _ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus. A.lent B.offered C.took D.brought18. You should explain that you dont mind him watching TV all the time.1） explain常用作及物动词，意为“解释，说明” 例：Could you explain the meaning of the word?【拓展】explain的名词形式为explanation例： He left the room without explanation.2） mind sb. doing sth. 意为“介意某人做某事” 例：Would you mind me smoking here?19. My cousin borrows my things without returning them? 此处return作及物动词，意为“归还”，相当于give.back。 例： You must return them next Monday.20. You left your homework at home. 此处leave作及物动词，意为“遗留，未拿或未带”，在汉语中常说“忘记”。 例：I left my bag on the bus.词语辨析：leave和forgetLeave：“遗留，落下”，指把某物忘在某地Forget：“忘记”，指由于记忆上的忽略而忘记了某人或某事填空：She _ her keys in the room.I _ her address.【拓展】a.leave作不及物动词，意为“离开”。 例：Its time for us to leave.b.leave作及物动词，还有“离开，留下，剩下”等意思。 例： He left his hometown at the age of 15.中考链接（2013. 河北襄阳）-Show me your hometown, Dave? -Sorry, Mrs. Brown. Ive _ it at home. A.missed B.forgotten C.lost D.left21. You are afraid of speaking in front of people. Afraid作形容词，意为“怕，害怕”【拓展】afraid的用法Be afraid of sb./sth.害怕某人或某物Be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事，侧重主语担心，害怕某事发生Be afraid to do sth.不敢或害怕做某事，侧重主语不敢做某事Be afraid +that 从句 恐怕，多用于客气地提出个人意见或看法23. Your best friend does not trust you any more. Not.any more意为“不再”，相当于no more1. My parents give me a lot of pressure about school. Pressure不可数名词，意为“压力”。 例：Parents often give their children so much pressure.【拓展】与pressure相关的短语： Under pressure压力之下 Put pressure on sb.向某人施压2. Others are practicing sports so that then can compete and win. Compete不及物动词，意为“竞争，参加比赛”。 例：Five children competed in the race. Competition 名词，竞争 competitor 名词，竞争者，对手3. However, this doesnt only happen in China. However此处作连词，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折关系。 例：She felt ill, however, she went to work.辨析：however与butHowever：转折意味比But弱，连接的两个分句或有关部分的关系较为松弛，后一部分常起附带说明或衬托作用，however常以插入语形式出现在句子中间，前后用逗号隔开，也可置于句首或句末。But: 连接两个分句或有关部分，表示转折关系，使用最广，口语中更为常见。填空：Id love to go, _ Im too busy.He disagreed at first. Later, _, he changed his mind.【拓展】a.however作连词，意为“无论怎样”，引导让步状语从句。 例：You can travel however you like.B.however作副词，意为“无论如何，不管多少” 例：She leaves her bedroom window open, however cold it is.4. I really want them to be successful. Successful 形容词，意为“成功的”，可作表语或定语；作表语时，常用结构be successful in.填空：The operation was very _. 手术很成功。 He _his studies. 他在学业上很成功。【拓展】a.success做不可数名词，意为“成功，成名”；用作可数名词，意为“成功者，达到目的的人或事” 例：Failure is the mother of success.b.succeed作不及物动词，意为“成功，达到目的”，后面可接介词短语in sth./doing sth. 例：He succeeded in saving the boys life.5. However,the tired children dont get home until after 7:00 p. M. Not.until. 意为“直到.才.” 例：They didnt finish the work until yesterday. 注意：until前若为肯定结构，其谓语必须是延续性动词，until前若为否定结构，其谓语既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。中考链接（2012. 重庆） I didnt believe he could drive _ he told me. A.once B.while C.since D.until6. In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older.1) competition可数名词，意为“比赛，竞争”。 例： He came first in the writing competition.【拓展】compete为competition的动词形式，意为“比赛，竞争” 例：We can compete with the best team.2) 此处continue作不及物动词，意为“继续，持续”，相当于go on. 例：The students must continue at school until July. The earthquake continued for two minutes.【拓展】continue作及物动词，后面常接名词、动名词或动词不定式。例：Lets continue our meeting. He continued writing until he died. They continued to meet daily.（2012. 辽宁大连）Dr. Bethune _ working in spite of cutting his hand during an operation. A.stopped B.continued C.forgot D.enjoyed7. And they are always comparing them with other children.1） always 副词，意为“总是，始终”，此处用于进行时，表示再三的、多次的重复行为，常带有厌恶、赞扬等感情色彩，不表示某时刻正在发生的动作。 例： The little girl is always crying.2） 此处compare作及物动词，意为“比较；对比”。 例：We compared this picture with that one.辨析：compare.with. 与compare.to.Compare.with.把.与.比较，常用于两个同类事物之间，着重区别例：She compares me with my brother.Compare.to.把.比.，常用于两个不同性质的事物比较例：We often compare children to flowers.8. People shouldnt push their kids so hard. 此处push作及物动词，其比喻意思是”逼迫（某人）做某事，敦促”。例：Dont push him so hard.【拓展】push的基本意思为“推动，移动，按”，可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。例：I pushed the car but it didnt move.词语辨析：push与pullPush: 推，指施加给某人或某物一个向前或向后的力，反义词为pullPull: 拉，拖，指用手把某物用力地向自己的方向拉并使其移动。9. Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a childs development.Development此处作不可数名词，意为“发育，发展，成长”。例：These vegetables are good for the healthy development of children.【拓展】a.develop意为“发展，发展，发达”，可作及物或不及物动词。 例：Swimming will develop many different muscles.b.develop的形容词有两个，developed和developing。前者意为“（经济）发达的”，后者意为“（经济）发展中的”。 例：American is a developed country. China and India are developing countries.10. Although its normal to want successful children, its even more important to have happy children. Even副词，此处意为“甚至，还”，用来加强比较级的语气。 例：He is even cleverer than his sister.注意：在形容词或副词的比较级前可以用much, a little, a bit, a lot, still, even, any, far等来进行修饰11. Does Cathy Taylor think its important for kids to join after-school activities? 此处join用作及物动词，意为“加入，参与”。 例：He joined the chess club last month.辨析：join，join in与take part inJoin: “参加，加入”，普通用词，指加入党派、团体、人群或游戏活动等，成为期中一员Join in：join sb. in表示“和某人一起做某事”，join in+某活动，表示“参加某活动”，相当于take part inTake part in: “参加”，侧重参加群众性、集体性活动并在其中起积极作用中考链接：（2012. 安徽）根据首字母及汉语提示完成下列单词 The old man started singing, and we all j_ in.12. You could tell him to turn down the TV. Turn down 意为“调低，关小”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语。 例：The baby is sleeping. Turn down the radio. Turn up_ turn on_ turn off_中考链接（2012. 黑龙江鸡西） My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please _ the radio? A.turn down B.turn up C.turn on 语法专项一、 Why dont you.?等提建议的句型及其常用答语。 Why dont you do sth.?是常见的提建议的句型，意为“你为什么不做某事呢？”与“Why not do sth.?”同义。 该句型还有发出礼貌地邀请的用法。-Why not go to the movies with us?-Id like to, but I have to study for the test.【拓展】1) What/How about.?意为“.怎么样/好吗？”2） Would you like sth.? 你想要某物吗？3） Lets do sth. 咱们做某事吧！4） You should (not) do sth. 你（不）应当做某事5） Youd better (not) do sth. 你最好（不）做某事。中考链接（2012. 广西百色） Its raining heavily outside. Why dont you _ your raincoat? A.put on B.to put on C.take off D.to take off二、 连词until, so that及although引导的状语从句1） until引导时间状语从句 连词until意为“直到.为止，到.时”，引导时间状语从句，常放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前。例：She often works in the field until it gets dark.注意：until用于肯定句中，意为“直到.为止”，用于否定句中，意为“直到.才”。中考链接（2013. 江苏淮安）Many people do not realize the importance of health _they have fallen. A.until B.while C.when D.after2) so that 引导目的和结果状语从句A. so that 意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句时，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开。目的状语从句表示动机（即一种可能性），而非事实，因此，从句中常常有can, will, could, would, should等情态动词。 例：I got up early so that I could catch the early bus. You must go now so that you wont be late.B. So that 意为“以至于，结果”，引导结果状语从句，陈述的是客观事实，常常不带情态动词。 例：He studied hard so that he passed the exam.中考链接（2012. 山东德州）They develop their skills _ they can do things better and better. A.however B.because C.since D.so that3) although引导让步状语从句 连词although意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面。 例：although you are tall, Im not afraid of you.中考链接（2012. 浙江宁波）-Look! Some people are running the red lights.- We should wait _ others are breaking the rule.A. if B.unless C.although D.because单元小节短语归纳1. too much 太多（修饰不可数名词） 2.hang out闲逛3. too many 太多（修饰可数名词） 4.get into a fight 争吵5. go to sleep去睡觉 6.call sb. (up)给某人打电话7. be good at擅长 8.talk about谈论9. on the phone在电话中 10.look through浏览，翻阅，自习检查11. give back归还 12.be angry with sb.生某人的气13. a big deal重要的事情 14.no problem没问题15. work out解决，算出 16.get on with sb.与某人和睦相处17. feel lonely 感到孤独 municate with sb.与某人交流19. in future今后，从今以后 20.next time下次21. make friends交朋友 22.be worried about担心.23. be afraid of害怕. 24.in front of 在.的前面25. not.any more不再. 26.play sports做运动27. compete with sb.与某人竞争 28.so much/many 那么多29. have lessons上课 30.go shopping 去购物31. cut out删除，删去 32.a few几个，少数33. all kinds of各种各样的 pare.with.比较，对比35. agree with sb.同意某人（的想法） 36.in ones opinion 依.看37. something quiet一些安静的事 38.turn down调小用法集萃1. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事2. Why dont you do sth.?你为什么不做某事呢？3. want to do sth.想做某事4. find sb. doing sth.发现某人在做某事5. tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事6. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事7. let sb. do sth.让某人做某事8. offer to do sth.主动提出做某事9. mind sb. Doing sth.介