初中英语一般将来时专项语法讲解(12页).doc

-初中英语一般将来时专项语法讲解-第 12 页一般将来时主要构成形式 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。1）will/shall+动词原形  shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。will not=won't shall not=shan't例如：Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。   Notice:be to和be going tobe to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）5.现在进行时表将来时下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.6.一般现在时表将来1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。3）在时间或条件句中。例如：When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。 be going to和will 的区别 be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。（1）be going to主要用于： 1、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。E.g. What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么？ Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。 Im going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。Shes going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。 2、 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。E.g.Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集，天要下雨。I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。(2) will主要用于在以下几个方面： 1、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。eg:They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。Ill come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。 2、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。eg:Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就（将）三十岁。 3、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。eg: Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗？Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗？一般将来是特殊用法：1) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to talk about the report next Saturday.2） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。3）有些表趋向性的动词可用想在进行时表将来：例如：go，come，arrive，fly(飞往)，reach（到达），stay，leave，start, die.如：Im going to go to the zoo this weenend.= Im going to the zoo this weenend. Hes going to leave for Paris.= Hes leaving for Paris. The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。练习题1. What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow? A will B shall C do D are2. He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week. A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish3. There _some showers this afternoon. A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have4. It _my brothers birthday tomorrow. She _a party.A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be5. Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11. A is B is going to be C will be D will to be（二）、 填空1. -“I need some paper.” - “I _(bring)some for you.”2._(be)you free tomorrow?3. They _(not leave) until you come back.4. _we_(go) to the party together this afternoon?5. They want to know when the meeting _start.6. I _(go) with you if I have time.7. Hurry up! Or we _(be) late.8.What _you _(do) tomorrow afternoon?9. Jenny _ _ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow.10. If she isnt free tomorrow, she _(not take) part in the party.三、 There be结构的一般将来时易出错例：There_ a basketball match this afternoon. (B) A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have四、 be going to结构中易丢掉to例：Im going _(go) school by bike tomorrow. (C) A to will go B to go to C go to D to go if条件句【知识要点】定义：常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。 E.g. If you ask him，he will help you如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 E.g. If you fail in the exam，you will let him down如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 E.g. If you have finished the homework， you can go home如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。 另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。E.g.If I were you，I would invite him to the party如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。 E.g.I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic要不是交通堵塞，我本会来得早一些。另外你还要注意if 条件句的时态搭配1if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时 E.g. If he runs hell get there in time. 如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。E.g. The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。2if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/canE.g. If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted. 如果雾在大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。E.g. If it stops snowing we can go out. 如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。3if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/shouldE.g. If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread. 如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。4if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时E.g. If you heat ice it turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。5if从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时E.g. If you are looking for Peter youll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。6if从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时E.g. If you have finished dinner Ill ask the waiter for the bill. 如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账注意 ：学习" if " 引导的条件状语从句的用法,现在总结一下: if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间; 条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。 条件句表可能，主句多用将来时； 条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。如： E.g. We can walk there if we can't find a bus . E.g. If it rains tomorrow ,we will not go to the zoo. E.g. What will you do if you find a panda in danger.如果 if 条件句谈论的是重复发生和预示要发生的情景和事件，则主从句大多用一般现在时态。 E.g. If bears are in danger ,they attack people.在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，if 和条件句位置灵活，可直接放在主句后面，若 if 条件句放句首， 从句后面要加逗号，和主句隔开。还要注意前后时态一致原则【经典练习】一.单项选择（ ）1. If you _ to the party, youll have a great time. A. will go  B. went  C. go   D. going（ ）2. It will be a long time _ Peter _ his work. A.since, has finished   B. after, finishes   C. when, will finish   D. before, finishes.（ ）3. What will father _ us from Japan? A. take   B. bring   C. carry   D. make （ ）4. Weifang is famous _ kites. A. for   B. to   C. on   D. with（ ）5 I _ her the answer if she _me. A. can tell, will ask   B. will tell, will ask  C. would tell, ask   D. will tell, asks（ ）6. What are you going to do tomorrow?  -Well go to the library tomorrow if it _. A. isnt rain  B. rain   C. wont rain  D. doesnt rain（ ）7.Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? -Sorry, I dont know. When he _ back, Ill tell you. A. comes  B. will come   C. come   D. may come （ ）8. What will you do if you _ to the old folks home visit? A. go   B. went   C.going   D. will go（ ）9. If I eat _ food, Ill be very fat. A. too many   B. many too   C. too much  D. much too（ ）10. Ill give the book to him if he _ here next Sunday. A. will come   B. comes   C. is coming    D. came（ ）11. There _an English film in our school tomorrow. A. is going to have  B. will have   C. is going to be   D. has（ ）12. Could you tell us where _？ A. will the next Olympic Games held  B. the next Olympic Games will be held C. would the next Olympic Games be held D. the next Olympic Games would be held二在正确的答案下划一条线。1. Daina ( will go/go/goes) to Europe if she (will pass/pass/passes) the exams .2. The graduates (will teach/teach/teaches) in the poor village if the Ministry of Education (will agree/ agree/agrees) soon.3. If there (will be/ are/is) a car accident, they (will call/call/calls) 110 for help at once.4. If it (wont/dont/doesnt/ isnt) rainy, we (will take/ take/takes) walk outside.5. If a UFO (will land/land/lands) in front of me, I (will go/go/goes) in to look for the alien.6. If he (will have/have/has) money, he (will bulid/build/builds) a science lab.7.Dont wait for me if I (am/ will be) late.8.They (wont/dont) go to the beach if it (will rain/rain /rains).9. I (will call/ call) you if he (will stay/stay /stays) at home.10. Mr Smith (will let/ let/lets) you know if he (will need/ need/ needs) help.11. (Will / Do/ Does) he visit the museum if he (wont / dont/ doesnt) get  tired?12. Where (will/ do/does) they live if they (will miss/ miss/ misses) the bus?三、用所给词的适当形式填空1.If you _(feel) tired, you _ (have) to have a rest.2. Where _ he _(see) the film if he _(have) time?3. If there _(be) fewer trees, there _( be) more pollution.4. He _(dress)  more casually if he _( not work) on weekends.5. If Marcia _(live) alone, she _( keep) a pet parrot.6. Lana _( buy) a new dress if the old one _(be) out of style.7.The twins _(fight) if they_(argue).8. I _(have) a bake sale if I _(need) money for education.9. Peter _( send) me a beautiful souvenir if he _(tour) Spain.10. If Mr Green _(say) I am hard- working, my parents _( feel) glad.11. I _(go) to the beach if it_ ( not rain) this week.12. _they _( have) a match if the P.E. teacher _(be) busy?13.He _(write) a letter to his grandparents if he _(get) his report card this week.14. If she _(get) up late, she _ ( not catch) the early bus.15. Peter _(major) in English if he _(pass) the exams in Peking  University.【家庭作业】1.If she _(not get) home on time, her mom will be worried. 2.If Tom works hard, he_(make) a lot of money.3.If I study hard, my dream _(实现). 4. If he _(争论)his friend, he will be very sad. 5.If you fight with your brother, what _(发生)? 6. Call me if he _(回来).7. He can make great progress if he _(追随，听从) my advice. ( )8. If I find his phone number, I _ you. A. tell B. told C. will tell D. have told( )9. I _ the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow. A. will return B. returned C. have returned D. return( )10. The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _tomorrow.A. won' t rain    B. isn' t raining   C. doesn' t rain     D. isn' t rain( )11. I wont watch the TV play if my father _ me do my homework. A. let     B. will let    C. wont let    D. lets( )12. If you _quiet, Ill tell you what happened. A. will B. are C are to be D. be( )13. If you go to the party, you _ a good time. A. would have B. have C. will have D. had( )14. Dont worry. Peter will call you as soon as he _ London. A. will get to B. gets to C. get to D. got to ( ) 15.He doesnt tell me when he _. Ill telephone you as soon as he _. A. will come, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, will come D. comes, comes( )16.- I dont know if Dr. White _ to the party next week. I think he will come if he _ free.A. comes; will come B. will come; will be C. comes; is D. will come; is( )17. I dont know if there _ a sports meeting next month. If they _ it, I must get ready for it.A. is; will hold B. will be; hold C. will be; will hold D. will have; hold