否定疑问句(10页).doc

-否定疑问句-第 10 页否定疑问句：   否定疑问句可以表示说话者惊异的情绪、责难的口吻或赞叹；也可以表示说话者的某种建议、邀请、请求或看法等。请看下列疑问句的简略否定式：   （be:) Aren't you a student?   难道你不是一个学生吗？    Isn't it hot here ?   这里难道不热吗？  （can:) Can't you wait a moment ?   你不能等一会儿吗？ （have:)Haven't I asked you ?   难道我没问过你吗？ （do:) Don't you want to stay with us ?   你难道不愿意与我们呆在一起吗？   （did:)Didn't you see him yesterday ?   难道你昨天没看见他吗？    回答这种问题时用简略回答。如果答语是肯定的，就用Yes；如果答语是否定的，就用No。不过，这种答语的汉语译法有特殊之处。如：   Don't you know English?   你不懂英语吧？   Yes,I do.   不，我懂。   一般否定疑问句有完全式和简略式之分，它们的词序是不同的。   简略式：   Isn't she a nurse ?   她不是一位护士吗？   完全式：  Is she not a nurse ?   她不是一位护士吗？否定疑问句主要用于以下场合：期待、请求或希望得到肯定答复时：一Dont you remember that holidaY we had in Spain? 您不记得我们在西班牙的度假吗?一Yes, I do. 不，我记得。想要表示惊讶、不相信或夸张时：一Cant you (really) ride a bicycle? 你(真的)不会骑自行车吗?一No, I cant. 是的，我不会。想要说服某人时：一Wont you help me? 难道你不会帮助我吗? 一On, all right then. / No, lm afraid I cant / wont, etc. 噢，那好吧。/ 是的，恐怕我帮不了你 / 不会帮你，等等。表示批评或者表示厌烦、挖苦时：Cant you shut the door behind you? 你不能随手关上门吗? (不期望得到回答) 在感叹句中 (用降调)：Didnt he do well! 难道他做得不好吗!Isnt it hot in here! 难道这里不热吗!感叹句可用作陈述句的答语：一He has been very successful 他干得非常成功。一Yes, hasnt he! 是的，非常成功!否定疑问句在口语中的用法归纳表示当说话人预期或希望得到肯定回答。如：Havent you finished yet? 你还没有结束吗? Dont you like my new dress? 你不喜欢我的新衣服吗? 表示惊讶或不快，通常译为“难道不”“难道没”等。如：Didnt you go and see your mother yesterday? 你难道昨天没去看你母亲?Dont you see Im busy? 你难道没看见我正忙着吗？Hasnt he got up? Its ten oclock. (难道)他还没起床?已经十点了。Dont you care what happens to him? 你难道不关心他出什么事吗? 表示赞叹或感慨，其意为“真是”，译成汉语时通常在句末用感叹号，句子用降调。如：Isnt the baby cute? 这宝宝真可爱! Isnt a lovely day? 今天天气真好！Hasnt she grown? 她长得真高了！表示批评、厌烦、挖苦、责难等。如：Cant you shut the door behind you? 你不能随手关上门吗? Cant you walk a little faster? 你不能走快点吗？Didnt I tell you to come early? 我不是让你早点来的吗？Why havent you told me beforehand? 为什么你事前没告诉我？Cant you do anything but ask silly questions? 你别一个劲地提愚蠢的问题好吗?（你除了提愚蠢的问题，难道不会干点别的?）表示较客气地提出请求、邀请等。如：Wont you come in for a few minutes? 你可否进来几分钟？Dont you think we should try again? 你不觉得我们应该再试试? Why dont you come and spend the weekend with us? 你何不来和我们共度周末？Wouldnt it be better to play some classic music? 放点古典音乐是不是更好？一般的否定疑问句是会出现否定词的，例如，don't,doesn't,didn't或者是nothing.反意疑问句的用法如下，1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?2) 2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isn't he?You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。What colours, aren't they?What a smell, isn't it?12) 陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isn't it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I don't think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, can't she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。Don't do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / won't you ?注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isn't it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?20)must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。He must be there now, isn't he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?快速记忆表陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分I aren't I Wish may +主语no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含义的词 肯定含义ought to（肯定的） shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主语(didn't +主语)used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语had better + v. hadn't you would rather + v. wouldn't +主语you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主语must 根据实际情况而定感叹句中 be +主语Neithernor, eitheror 根据其实际逻辑意义而定指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this 主语用it并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 复数they, 单数he情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语省去主语的祈使句 will you？Let's 开头的祈使句 Shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句 Will you?there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式。