初中现在完成时态讲解带练习(4页).doc
-一.二.三.四. 初中现在完成时态讲解带练习-第 4 页五. 现在完成时的含义及用法1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。2. 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时的基本句型:· 肯定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.· 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. · 疑问式: 助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?用法现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)I havent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)此时,现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用,通常放在助动词之后,过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句,翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经 1. 你已经找到你的书了吗? 2. 他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3. Judy还没到达. 4. 你吃过早饭了吗? 用法 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 oclock? for+ 时间段since+时间点 , since+ 句子Mr. Brown has had his TV _15 years. Ive taken driving lessons _last month. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . My friends havent visited me _ my birthday. We havent used our car _a long time . She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _ years. Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old. 六. have been 与have gone 的用法比较· have been to “到过,去过”,表示曾经到过某处,但现在人不在那儿。· have gone to “去了”,表示已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。· have been in “呆在某处一段时间了”七. 实义动词分为: 瞬间动词 、延续动词 瞬间动词:borrow, die, join, begin, start, finish, end, leave, buy, arrive, come在现在完成时的肯定句中,瞬间动词不能与表示短时间的句子连用,否定句中可以。瞬间动词若要连用可替换成别的表达方式:1. 瞬间动词可用于“段时间 + ago ” 的一般过去时句型 2. 瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语.与段时间连用 动作状态dieBe deadBorrow/buyKeep/hadleaveBe awayarriveBe herebeginBe onEnd/finishBe overjoinBe inmarryBe married例句: 他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了. 1. The famous writer _ a new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 2. Have you met Mr. Li _? . Just . ago .before .a moment ago 3.How long have you _ here ? About two months . been . gone . come . arrived 4. Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _ . . has changed; well . changed; good . has changed; better . changed; better 5. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. .Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished .Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish 6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . Knew7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. . will see . have seen . saw .see8.These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there ? . will they go .did they go . do they go . have they gone 9. Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years . . was studying . will study . has studied . are; studying 10. His father _ the Party since 1998 .joined .has joined . was in . has been in 11.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made 12. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ? . already .never .ever . still 13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 14. It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 15. Miss Green isn't in the office. She_ to the library. .has gone . went .will go . has been 16. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 17. The students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 答案:一用法Have you found your book yet?They have built many buildings in this city. Judy hasnt arrived yet. Have you had breakfast ?用法For; since; for; since; for; for; since三His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. It is 2 years since his grandpa died. Nick has been in the army for 3 years. It is 3 years since Nick joined the army. He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time. It is a long time since he left Shenzhen.I have had/kept the book for 4 months. It is 4 months since I borrowed the book . 选择题:1-5 DCACB6-10 CBBCD11-15 BBCAA16-17 BD