英语中的数词表示(10页).doc

-英语中的数词表示-第 10 页英语中的数词一.概述数词是表示数目多少和顺序先后的词,分为基数词和序数词两种.基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序.二.基数词1.基数词的构成1)112是独立的单词1 one 2 two 3 three4 four 5 five 6 six7 seven 8 eight 9 nine10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve2)1319是在基数词后加-teen13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen19 nineteen注意:13和15的拼写发生变化,18应省去原来的字母t,应熟记3)2090的整位数是在基数词后加-ty20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy80 eighty 90 ninety注意:20,30,40,50,80的拼写发生变化 4)2129由”十位数20+个位数19”构成,中间加连字符21 twenty-one 22 twenty-two 23 twenty-three24 twenty-four 25 twenty-five 26 twenty-six27 twenty-seven 28 twenty-eight 29 twenty-nine其他”几十几”的数词依此类推.31 thirty-one 42 forty-two 53 fifty-three64 sixty-four 75 seventy-five 86 eighty-six97 ninety-seven 99 ninety-nine5)百位数由19加hundred构成100 one/a hundred 200 two hundred500 five hundred 900 nine hundred百位数含十位数和个位数时,百位数和十位数之间常用and连接;百位数加个位数时,也可用and连接,但在美式英语中,这个and往往省略.158 a/one hundred (and)fifty-eight599 five hundred (and)ninety-nine605 six hundred (and)five808 eight hundred(and)eight6)千位数由19加thousand构成1,000 a/one thousand 2,000 two thousand5,000 five thousand 9,000 nine thousand千位数带百、十、个位数时,由千位数直接加百、十、个位数构成.a只能用在整个词组之首.one比a 正式,因而在正式文体中应该用one.另外,千位数中如果百位数和十位数均为零,可用and与个位数连接,但在美式英语中,and往往省去.1,005 one/a thousand (and)five3,008 three thousand (and)eight4,836 four thousand eight hundred (and)thirty-six6,927 six thousand nine hundred (and)twenty-seven7)万位数的构成英语中的”万”要用”数词+thousand“表示.10,000 ten thousand20,000 twenty thousand50,000 fifty thousand60,856 sixty thousand eight hundred (and)fifty-six89,733 eighty-nine thousand seven hundred (and)thirty-three“10万99万”的表示法100,000 a/one hundred thousand200,000 two hundred thousand335,452 three hundred (and) thirty-five thousand four hundred (and)fifty-two650,700 six hundred (and)fifty thousand seven hundred998,616 nine hundred (and)ninety-eight thousand six hundred (and)sixteen8)”百万”的表示法“百万”以million为单位.1,000,000 a/one million2,000,000 two million3,600,000 three million six hundred thousand8,964,688 eight million nine hundred (and)sixty-four thousand six hundred (and)eighty-eight9)”千万”的表示法10,000,000 ten million20,000,000 twenty million96,000,000 ninety-six million10)”亿”的表示法100,000,000 a/one hundred million600,000,000 six hundred million11)”十亿”的表示法1,000,000,000 (10亿) a/one billiona/one thousand million2,000,000,000 (20亿) two billiontwo thousand million1000以上的基数词,从后向前数,每三位数加一个逗号,作为一个单位,第一个逗号前的数为thousand(千),第二个逗号前的数为million(百万).8,869 eight thousand eight hundred (and)sixty-nine40,664,820 forty million six hundred (and)sixty-four thousand eight hundred (and)twenty2.基数词的用法1)作主语2)作表语3)作宾语4)作定语5)作同位语hundred,thousand,million在读数时不可加s.4,685 four thousands,six hundreds and eighty-five(误)four thousand,six hundred and eighty-five(正)hundred,thousand,million修饰名词,表示具体数目时,不可加s.这所学校有600名学生.There are six hundreds students in the school.(误)There are six hundred students in the school.(正)hundreds of (几百),thousands of (几千),millions of (几百万)等表示泛指,数量不定,要加s,用复数形式.He spent hundreds of dollars on books.他买书花了数百美元.Thousands of people attended the meeting.数千人参加了会议.Millions of workers lost their jobs.数百万工人失业.The birds came by hundreds.鸟儿成百地出现.The novel sold by the millions.这部小说销售以百万计.表示整十的基数词可用复数形式,表示人的岁数或年代.The man is in his thirties.那人有三十多岁.She died in her nineties.她是九十多岁去世的.He went abroad in the eighties.他八十年代出国去了.in ones teens (正)十几岁in ones tens (误)年份用基数词表示,通常以”百”为单位来读.1956 读作nineteen (hundred and)fifty-six (hundred and通常要省去)1999 读作nineteen (hundred and)ninety-nine但2000年,2001年,2002年等要用thousand.2000 读作two thousand2001 读作two thousand and one2008 读作two thousand and eight2020 读作two thousand and twenty三.序数词1.序数词的构成1)第一至第三英语序数词第一至第三各有特殊形式.第一first(缩写为1st) 第二second(缩写为2nd)第三third(缩写为3rd)2)第四至第十九序数词第四至第十九都是在基数词后加-th构成,发音.但第八、第九和第十二的拼写有变化,应特别注意.第四fourth 第五fifth第六sixth 第七seventh第八eighth 第九ninth第十tenth 第十一eleventh第十二twelfth 第十三thirteenth第十四fourteenth 第十五fifteenth第十六sixteenth 第十七seventeenth第十八eighteenth 第十九nineteenth3)第二十至第九十从第二十到第九十表示整十的序数词,是把相应的基数词尾的y改为i,再加-eth.第二十twentieth 第三十thirtieth第四十fortieth 第五十fiftieth第六十sixtieth 第七十seventieth第八十eightieth 第九十ninetieth4)非整十的多位数非整十的多位数,把个位数变为序数词即可,十位数不变.第二十一twenty-first(21st) 第三十二thirty-second(32nd)第四十三forty-third(43rd) 第五十四fifty-fourth(54th)第六十五sixty-fifth(65th) 第七十六seventy-sixth(76th)第八十七eighty-seventh(87th) 第九十八ninety-eighth(98th)第九十九ninety-ninth(99th)第一百零一(one)hundred and first(101st) 第二百八十八two hundred (and)eighty-eighth(288th)第九百七十三nine hundred (and)seventy-third(973rd) 第一千零一(one)thouand and first(1,001st)序数词的缩写式是由阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母组成.5)hundred等的序数词hundred,thousand和million的序数词分别为hundredth,thousandth,millionth. 第一百(one)hundredth (不可用a)第八百eight hundredth第一千(one)thousandth第一万ten thousandth第十万 (one)hundred thousandth第一百万(one)millionth2.序数词的用法1)作主语2)作宾语3)作表语4)作定语5)作同位语6)作状语序数词前常要加定冠词.He will be the first to speak.他将第一个发言.The ninth boy is from England.第九个男孩来自英国.序数词前用了物主代词或名词所有格,则不用定冠词.She is his second wife.她是他的第二个妻子.It is Lilys third dictionary.这是莉莉的第三本词典.表示比赛或考试的名次时,定冠词常省略.Tom was (the) first in the match.汤姆在比赛中获得第一名.用作副词时,不加定冠词.I first met him in Shanghai.我第一次见到他是在上海.序数词前有时可用不定冠词,表示”又一,再一”,指在原有基础上的增加,相当于another.Ill read the book a second time.我将把这本书再读一遍.(已读过一遍)He saw a third monkey.他又看见了第三只猴子.(已看见两只)3.数词的各种表达法1)章节、页数、课次、行次、第几中学、第几车间等编号常用”名词+基数词”表示,也可用”the+序数词+名词”表示.第一章:Chapter One或the first chapter第二节: Section Two或the second section第五课: Lesson Five或the fifth lesson第23页:page 23或the twenty-third page第8行: line eight 或the eighth line第三中学:No.3 Middle School 或the Third Middle School第二机械车间: No.2 Machine Shop或the Second Machine Shop第一次世界大战: World War或the First World War较大的数字,要用”名词+基数词”表示.第608页: page six o eigth(o读作u)第839页:page eight three nine或page eight hundred (and)thirty-nine第2645页:page two six four five或page twenty-six forty-five2)房间、门牌等的表示法房间、门牌、电话号码、信箱号码、邮政编码等,用”名词+基数词”表示.第236房间:Room(No.)236(读作room(number)two three six)中山东路66号:(No.)66 East Zhongshan Road 电话号码:025-84318988 Telephone number 025-84318988(读作 o two five eight four three one eight nine eight eigth(或double eight)(在o,two,five之后要稍加停顿)326信箱:P.O.Box 326邮政编码:230094 Postcode 230094(读作:postcode two three o o nine four)33路公共汽车: Bus (No.)33或The No.33 Bus309班机:Flight Number 309507航班:Flight Number 5073)世纪、年代表示法年代为四位数时,各分成二位来读.20世纪:the 20th century21世纪:the 21st century在50年代:in the fifties(数词用复数)在90年代:in the nineties(数词用复数)1990年:nineteen ninety1998年:nineteen ninety-eight注意下面年代的读法:2000年:(the year)two thousand2001年:two thousand (and)one2008年:two thousand (and)eight2025年:two thousand (and)twenty-fivetwenty twenty-five2050年:two thousand (and)fiftytwenty fifty4)日期表示法日期通常用序数词来读.5月1日:1(st)May(英式)(读作the first of May)May 1 (st)(美式)(读作May (the)first/May one)10月5日: 5(th)October(英式)(读作the fifth of October)October 5(th)(美式)(读作October(the)fifth/October five)2008年6月28日: 28(th)June,2008(英式)June 28(th),2008(美式)5)公元表示法“公元”用AD或A.D.表示;”公元前:用BC或B.C.表示.公元6世纪:in the sixth century AD公元55年:in 55 ADin (the year) AD 55公元前500年:in (the year) 500 BC6)钟点表示法钟点时刻通常用基数词表示.表示整点可加oclock,口语中常省去.Its ten oclock. 现在10点钟.He got up at six (oclock). 他6点钟起的床.表示”几点几分”,在30分钟之内,包括30分钟,用past,结构为:分钟数+ past/after +小时.9:10 ten past nine 或nine ten10:15 (a) quarter past ten或ten fifteen11:30 half past eleven 或eleven thirty5:25 twenty-five past five或five twenty-five表示”几点几分”,分钟数超过了30分钟,结构为:到下一钟点所差分钟数+ to/of(美)+下一小时数.7:40 twenty to eight 或seven forty9:45 (a)quarter to ten或nine forty -five用a.m. 表示”上午”,用p.m. 表示”下午”.另外,oclock不能与a.m. 或p.m. 连用.四.分数词1.分数词的构成分数词由基数词和序数词构成:分子用基数词,分母用序数词.分子大于1时,分母序数词须用复数形式.1/2: a/one half 1/3: a/one third1/5: a/one fifth 1/4:a/one fourth或a/one quarter2/3: two thirds 3/4: three fourths或three quarters5/8: five eighths 7/10: seven tenths1 1/2: one and a half 2 3/4:two and three fourths分母和分子之间可用连字符,也可不用.2.分数词的用法分数词常同of短语连用,在句中作主语或宾语.五.四则运算表示法加、减、乘、除算式的表示法.2+6=8 Two and six are eight.Two plus six is eight.8+3= ? How much is eight plus three?10-8=2 Eight from ten leaves two.Ten minus eight is two.4×3=12 Four times three is twelve.16/4=4 Sixteen divided by four is four.Sixteen divided by four makes four.六.数词的其他用法1.half的用法1)half作形容词意为”一半”,修饰单数可数名词时,有两种结构:结构: half a/an +单数名词a half +单数名词半天half a day 半月half a montha half day a half month半小时half an hour 半英里half a milea half hour a half mile2)half作名词,常用于half of结构,of常可省去,但half of后为人称代词时,of不可省一半的工作: half (of)the work一半的时间: half (of) the time一半的书: half (of) the books一半的房子: half (of)the houses我们中的一半: half of us他们中的一半: half of them3)”一个半”的表示法如下一个半苹果a/one apple and a halfone and a half apples一个半小时a/one hour and a halfone and a half hours2.小数表示法小数用基数词表示,小数点是point,读作pint,”零”是zero,读作ziru.0.3 zero point three 0.65 zero point six five15.96 fifteen point nine six 95.38 ninety-five point three eight3.百分数表示法百分数用基数词表示,在数字后加percent.5% five percent 30% thirty percent84% eight-four percent 99% ninety-nine percent100% one hundred percent 250% two hundred and fifty percent4.倍数表示法1)”增加一倍”用doubleThe price of steel has doubled over the past ten years.钢的价格在过去的十年里增加了一倍.2)”比大长(n-1)倍”用:倍数+形容词/副词比较级 + than +被比部分That house is three times bigger than this one.那所房子比这所房子大两倍.The output of cars is four times greater than that of last year.汽车的产量比去年增加了三倍.3)”是的几倍”用:倍数 + as + 形容词 + as +被比部分This factory is four times as big as that one.这个工厂是那个工厂的四倍大.She has three times as many books as I have.她的书是我的三倍之多.5.年龄表示法1)一般说法她13岁.She is thirteen years old.She is thirteen.She is aged thirteen.She is thirteen years of age.2)in ones +整十的基数词复数“in ones +整十的基数词复数形式”表示”多岁了”.Her father is in his thirties.她爸爸三十多岁了.The old woman is in her nineties.这位老奶奶已经九十多岁了.3)at the age ofat the age of表示”在年龄”,常作状语.He went to school at the age of six.他6岁上学.At the age of nineteen,she joined the Party.她19岁入的党.6.约数表示法约数表示”多于,大约,左右,以上,不足”等意义,常用表示法如下:多于over,more than 少于less than大约about,around 将近almost,nearly左右or so 或以上or more或以下or less 在以下underThe street is over 2,000 metres long.这条大街有2000多米长.He finished his homework in less than an hour.他不到一小时就做完了作业.There are about 500 books on the bookshelves.书架上大约有500本书.Almost/Nearly one hundred people swam across the river.将近有100人游过了那条河.The hall can hold 1,000 people or more.这个大厅能容纳1000多人.These toys are for children under five.这些玩具是给5岁以下儿童玩的.It will take them four of five days to walk out of the forest.他们要花四五天时间才能走出森林.The city has changed a lot in the past ten years or so.在过去十年左右的时间里,这座城市发生了很大变化.