Book3 unit1语法(8页).doc
-Book3 unit1 语法-第 7 页 Book3 unit1-2 Grammar 情态动词的用法和练习一、can, could与be able to的用法The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they can.警察还没有找到丢失的孩子， 但是他们正在竭尽全力地寻找。(现在的能力)If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem.(将来的能力)如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.(过去有能力做并且成功地做了某事) 尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出去。I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous.(本来有能力做但未做) 我本来可以解决这个问题，但我太紧张了。How could you do such a silly thing？ (表示惊讶)你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？Can I have a word with you? It wont take long. (表示请求)我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。规律总结：1表示现在的能力：can, am/is/are able to 2表示将来的能力：will be able to。3表示过去的能力：could表示过去的能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。 4can/could表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。5can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。二、may与might的用法May I play basketball this afternoon? No, you cant.今天下午我可以打篮球吗？ 不，不行。What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.(2015·铜陵一模)本周六你打算干什么？ 还说不定，但我可能会去滚石音乐会。规律总结If you think the price of beef is too high, you might as well buy some pork.It depends on you. 如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。1表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustnt，表示“不可以”“禁止”“阻止”之意。 2may/might还可以表示推测，意为“可能”。3“may/might as well动词原形” 意为 “最好，倒不如”。三、must的用法That car is my property; you mustnt use it without my permission.那辆车是我的财产，你必须得到我的允许才能使用。Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things.发展一定会促成一种更好的生活，更好的做事情的方法。规律总结If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要走的话，至少等到暴风雨结束。1must用于否定句，表示“禁止”，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。2must表示必要性，意为“必须”3must表示偏执、固执，意为“非得，偏要”。四、need与dare的用法As far as Im concerned, you neednt worry about us now.就我个人而言，你现在没有必要担心我们。Adults need to live their own lives and thats difficult with children.(2015·长沙一模)大人需要过他们自己的生活，但有了孩子就很难做到了。How dare you say Im unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平？He darent/doesnt dare (to) speak English before such a crowd.规律总结在这么多人面前他不敢说英语。1need作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。2dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。点津dare和need用作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式；在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。五、will与would的用法Would you mind opening the window for me? 请你给我打开窗户好吗？Due to its great importance, every student in China would do his best to get ready for it, and I am no exception 由于它的重要性，在中国每一个学生都会做最好的准备，我也不例外。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。Mum would tell us stories before we went to bed.规律总结过去在我们上床睡觉前，妈妈总给我们讲故事。1表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。 2will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。 3will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。4would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。六、shall, should与ought to的用法What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow, sir?I havent decided on the time.But I will call you.先生，我明天什么时候到你家接你呢？我还没有决定时间，但是我会给你打电话的。You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。What do you mean, there are only ten tickets？There should be twelve.你说的是什么意思？只有10张票吗？本来应该有12张票的。With all his money, he should worry about a little thing like 5 cents！有那么多钱，他竟然为像5分钱一样的小事而烦恼！You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。规律总结According to the newlymade traffic regulation, whoever drives through a red light shall be fined at least 200 dollars. 根据新的交通法规， 不论谁驾车闯红灯， 罚款至少200美元。1shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。2shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。3should表示义务、职责等，意为“应该”。4Why/Howshould结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，有感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会”。 5ought to表示应该。 6shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的“应该”。七、情态动词表推测的用法Youd better put on a heavy coat.Sometimes it can be very cold here at night.你最好穿上一件厚的大衣。在这里晚上有时很冷。Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？It couldnt be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words不可能是词汇导致了你习题中的问题，因为你知道很多单词。You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to rain. 你不需要带伞，不会下雨的。Well, I dont know. It might do. 哦，我不知道，或许会下雨。Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah, good morning.You must be Mrs.Peters.早上好， 我和人事部的史密斯小姐有约。啊哈， 早上好。那您一定就是皮特斯女士了。规律总结There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. 因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。1can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，cant意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。 2may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。3must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。4should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。八、“情态动词have done”的用法 I couldnt have enjoyed myself more it was a perfect day。我过得非常开心(我不可能过得更愉快了)这真是完美的一天。Sorry, Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。Look! There are so many mistakes in your composition.You should have fixed full attention on it.看！你的作文里有这么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。规律总结情态动词have done用法must have done一定做过某事，其否定形式为cant/couldnt have donecan/could have done1.本来能够做但却未做 2可能做过某事cant/couldnt have done不可能做过某事may/might have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought to have done本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做却做了neednt have done做了本没有必要做的事情九。情态动词在高考中的语法填空中的应用（在纯空格中）原则：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。如果是一般疑问句则要考虑填助动词(be, do, does, did, have, has, had等)。示例1(2015·银川二中模拟)What is acceptable in one country be considered extremely rude in another.分析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。示例2(2014·新课标全国卷语法填空)Then the driver stood up and asked, “ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”分析：句尾的问号提示该句为疑问句，“丢失”是发生在过去的动作，故答案为Did练习1. 常考点一：情态动词的基本用法：用适合的情态动词填空1(2014·重庆高考)Ive ordered some pizza, so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired.2(2014·江西高考)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest _become the richest.3(2014·北京高考)_ I have a word with you? It wont take long.4(2014·大纲卷)Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop.常考点二：情态动词的其他常见用法5(2014·江苏高考)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food.6(2014·陕西高考)My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who _ have taken it?7(2014·四川高考)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _take me to Disneyland at weekends.8(2012·重庆高考)_ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir, but its urgent.常考点三：情态动词have done9(2013·辽宁高考)Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He_ (drink) too much at the party last night.10(2013·四川高考)Why are your eyes so red? You_ (not sleep) well last night. Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.2.选词填空选择适当的词填空。can; should; ; might; shall; will; would; must; cant;1You _ not park your car here. It is in the way.2My father is playing football on the playground just now. He _ be home now.3You are late again. You _ go to school earlier next time.4I _ prefer not to go out today.5I have been standing all the day._ I get a chair for you?6Are you able to use the computer skillfully?Yes, sir. I _.7Lily _ go to America next year, but I am not sure.8As we all known that oil _ float on water.9You _ tell him what happened today. I will tell him in person.3 .用情态动词或其否定形式填空1Sometimes smiles around the world _be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry.2You _ have taken so much cash with you, you know that shop accepted checks.3According to the factory safety rules, all accidents _be reported to the safety officer.4. School is over. How can we contact Robert?Try phoning him. He _ be home by now. He lives only a stones throw from the school.5Jack, look！Everybody is doing homework quietly._you make a noise in class?6Thank you for inviting us. Tell your wife that she gave us a perfect party.I _. See you later.7She _ have attended that meeting, for she was doing paperwork in the office then.8_someone help me get my computer linked up to the Internet?OK, but wait a few minutes.9The fire was so big that it was several hours before firefighters _ get it under control.10You talk so much about London. You _ have been there.Yeah, I went sightseeing on a tour last summer.11Can I have something to eat, Mum？I feel hungry.You _be hungry. Youve just had some bread and ham.4 .语篇填空 (用适当的情态动词填空)Miss Fang 1._ (not) read for very long without getting a headache. Her mother told her that she 2._ go to the Health Service and see a doctor. “You 3._see a doctor as soon as possible，”she said. “You 4._need glasses.”When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said that the doctor 5._see her at 3：30.Miss Fang replied that she 6._not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then. “The doctor 7._ take you at about ten to four，” the appointment clerk suggested.8“_I put you down for ten to four, or 9._you rather come tomorrow？”Miss Fang thought she 10._(not) waste any more time. The teacher 11._ be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early, as he was always so kind to everyone. And she replied, “I think I 12._make it at ten to four.”Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, 13.“_I leave at 3：45 today？I 14_ have an eye examination.” As expected, the teacher said, “Yes, of course you 15._.”
