情态动词,特殊疑问句,一般疑问句(5页).doc
-情态动词,特殊疑问句,一般疑问句-第 5 页情 态 动 词(Modal modl: verbs)不能独立作谓语,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。 情态动词主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) must not.情态动词的特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。 情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。情态动词的用法,意义:情态动词词义&用法注意事项特殊用法cancould1.表具备某种能力Can表现在能力;Could表示过去能力.可用be able to代替;was/were able to 表示成功做了某事(1)表惊异、怀疑、不相信、不耐烦等。(此意常用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句语气)Can/Could this be true?(2)can nottooenough表示"无论怎样也不过分","越越好":You can't be too careful.你越细心越好2.表请求和允许请求用could 语气委婉允许不用 could.3.表“可能性”can用于否定和疑问句(could不限)can (be)表示有时候会(常与sometimes, at times 连用)maymight1.表请求和允许请求用might语气更委婉。允许时用may,表示“可以”(表示允许时不用might)。(1)may/might well+V原形:表"完全可能,,很可能"= be very likely to: He may well be proud for his son.(2)may/might as well+V原形:"最好,满可以,倒不如"You may as well stay here over night.2.表可能性“也许”此意常用于肯定句。(might可能最小)3表祝愿固定句型为“May+主语+V原型”:May you succeed!must1.表“必须”must多表主观、现在/将来义务; have to多表客观、过去义务mustn't表"禁止";否定用needn't / don't have to(1)表示必然结果:All men must die.人固有一死。(2)表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感情色彩,可译为“一定要、偏偏、非要”:If you must know, her name is Mary.2.表推测:“肯定是、准是”只用于肯定句。在否定句/疑问句中用can/couldwillwould1.表意愿,决心等Would此时为will过去式,无意义差别(1)will表命令(说话者确定命令一定会得到执行)或允诺:You will report to me afterwards.(命令)They will get enough money from me.(允诺)(2)可用于祈使句附加疑问句(反义疑问句):(此时would比will委婉) Dont go now, will you?(3)would短语:would rather/would prefer宁愿;would like/would love喜欢/想要(见注意)2.表经常性,习惯性,倾向性,Would表过去反复的动作/某种倾向(相对于used to无“现已无此习惯”之义。)3.表功能,性质叙述真理:The tree will leave without water for 3 months.4.表估计:“想必,大概”(只时态区别)此意表对目前事物的预料。That will be the postman ringing.(would表示过去/现在;will表示现在/将来)5.表“请求/要求”(Will you?)此意用于疑问句,常与you连用Will you give me a piece of paper?shall(shant)1.表征求意见(“好不好”)用在第一、三人称Shall the reporters wait outside or what?点2其他示例:He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺)You shall fail if you don't work harder.(警告)You shall come at once.(命令)2.表允诺、威胁、警告、命令或根据规定有义务做用于第二、第三人称Passengers shall not talk with the driver while the bus is moving3.表规章、法令、预言:“必须”用于所有人称Every competitor shall wear a numbershouldought to1.表示道义上的责任,义务或要求,有时表示劝告:You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.(1)should 用于疑问句中表示说话人对某事不能理解,惋惜,感到意外,赞叹,愤怒、惊异等感情,意为“竟会”,有时也用于陈述句中(2)Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能,相当于“万一”的意思。(见注意)2.表示推测和可能性,是“ (按理说)应该”之意肯定的语气没有must用于推测时强This pen ought to /should be yours.3.表示说话人的一种谦逊,客气,委婉的语气此意常用于第一人称时:You are mistaken, I should say. (依我看你是搞错了)一 般 疑 问 句General 'denrl Questions1.基本结构:谓语动词是助动词(do, have和be)、情态动词时,只要直接把这些词置于句首,句末改成问号。 be + 主语 + 其它部分? 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它部分?肯定回答用“Yes,主语+be情态动词.”,否定回答用“No,主语+be情态动词+not.”。谓语动词是行为动词时,必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does、Did,句子中谓语动词必须用原形。助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它Do your parents like English? Yes,they do. / No,they dont注意:在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候, already要改成yet,some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either, both改成neither, all改成none等.把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。Are you from Japan Yes, I am / No, I'm notIs her sister doing her homework now Yes, she is / No, she isn'tDoes he work in a bank Yes, he does / No, he doesn't2.将陈述句变为一般疑问句含be动词或情态动词的句子 (秘诀:一调二改三问号)一调:即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前;二改:改换主语称谓,即将句中的主语Imy minesweourours等第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称youyour yours等;三问号:句末的句号改为问号。如:I am an English teacher. Are you an English teacher?We can speak English fluently. Can you speak English fluently?含行为动词(或称为实义动词)的句子 (秘诀:一加二改三问号)一加:即在句首加助动词Do或Does;二改:把谓语动词改为原形; 、改换主语称谓(同第一组);三问号:句末的句号改为问号。We read English every morning. Do you read English every morning?Toms father listens to English on the radio every evening. Does Toms father listen to English on the radio every evening?特 殊 疑 问 句The special interrogative sentence1. 以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。 疑问代词:what(什么) who(谁,作主语)which(哪个,在一定范围内选择)whose(谁的,指附属关系) whom(谁,作宾语)疑问副词:when(何时,询问时间) where(何地,询问地点)why(为什么,询问原因) how(如何,询问手段,方式,工具以及程度)2.语序:如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:Who is singing in the roomWhose bike is broken如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句【特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语】What does she like? What class are you inWhere are you from What time does he get up every morningHow do you know