现在完成时(3页).doc
-现在完成时-第 3 页 现在完成时(难点点拨)1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(非延续动词适用于这种情况)2.表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。(延续性动词适用于这种情况)我们可以简记为:(1) “过去对现在”( 非延续动词)(2) “过去到现在”(延续性动词)二、现在完成时的构成(结构)现在完成时由“助动词have(has) + 过去分词”构成。标志词: 以前(before) 从来不(never) 最近(recently) 曾经(ever) 一遍(once) 两遍(twice)自从(since) 刚刚(just) for时间段已经(already/yet)so far(到目前为止)2. since +(过去的月份/年份)since + 一段时间+agosince +一般过去时从句 一、延续性动词和非延续性动词的概念英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。此类动词常见的如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。此类动词常见的如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。三、 关于非延续动词的记忆口诀现在完成在瞬间;非延只连时间点;终止需转换;否定方可碰一段。注:1. 非延续动词可以有现在完成时态, 但不可以接一段时间,若要接一段时间,须要做一些相应的变换。2. 非延续动词动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。初中阶段常见的瞬间动词有:(1) 来(come)、去(go)、到(get to/reach/arrive at)、离(leave)、看(see)、听(说)hear(2) 买(buy)、卖(sell)、开(open)、关(close)、起床(get up) 跌落(fall sleep)参加(join/take part in)、开发(begin/start)、还(return/give)(与)借(borrow< from>/lend< to>)(4) 变成(become/turn)、带(bring/take)、给(give)、死(die)、完(finish/end)、接(receive/hear from)2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。试比较: 他死了三年了。 误:He has died for three years. 正:He has been dead for three years. 正:He died three years ago. 正:It is three years since he died. 正:Three years has passed since he died. 史密斯先生来这儿五天了。 误:Mr. Smith has come here for five days. 正:Mr. Smith has been here for five days. 正:Mr. Smith came here five days ago. 正:It is five days since Mr. Smith came here. 正:Five days has passed since Mr. Smith came here.延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词leavebe awayjoinbe in/be a member ofborrowkeepopenbe open / keepopenbuyhavefall illbe illbegin/startbe onget upbe updiebe deadcatch a coldhave a coldmove tolive income herebe hereendfinishbe overgo therebe therecome backbe backget to/ arrive / reachbe (in)get to knowknowput onweargo (get) outbe outII. 单句改错。下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正。1. Tom is ill in hospital because he has caught a cold for several days.2. - How long can I get the book? - Two weeks. 3. The meeting has finished for a week and now Ill go home. 4. Ben loves teaching and he has become a teacher for 4 years . 5. Ill lend you the book, but you can only borrow it for 2 days. III. 翻译句子。1. 我入党已有五年了。 2. 到目前为止,公交车已经在路上停了2个小时。 3. 她返回家已有一周了。4. 这部小汽车他买了已经有两周时间。5. Mary昨晚直到10点钟才上床睡觉。