不能用于被动语态的整理总结(5页).doc
-不能用于被动语态的整理总结-第 5 页不能用于被动语态的总结1、there be 结构及所有的不及物动词或动词短语充当谓语时，无被动语态。There are twelve months in a year.The war broke out in 1937.（break out, 爆发)The story took place in a small mountain village. (take place，发生)常见的不及物动词或动词短语有：appear, die, happen, lie(躺；位于), remain, occur, come true, break out, take place 等。2、表示“状态”的谓语动词，如：last, hold, keep, suit, remain, look like, consist of 等不能用被动语态。The hall can hold more than 500 people. (hold,容纳)The project lasted 14 years and cost 1 billion US dollars. (last,延续)No dish suits all tastes. (suit,适合)The committee consists of ten members.委员会由十人组成。3、表示“归属”的动词，如have，own，belong to 等。We have three meals a day.我们一日吃三餐。We have six classes every day. (have,上课)Our success belongs to all the people. 我们的成功属于每一个人。(belong to, 属于)4、表示“希望、意图”的动词，如wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。But I hate autumn and winter。但是我讨厌秋天和冬天。5、宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主语语态，不能用被动语态。We should help each other. (宾语为相互代词)I found myself unable to speak.我发现自己说不出话了。(宾语为反身代词)6、宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。In the past, they lived a miserable life. (同源宾语)They dont allow smoking. (动名词)7、主动形式表示被动意义。当某些连系动词，如feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时。The fish smells good .鱼闻起来很香。The steel feels very cold. 钢铁摸起来很凉。This kind of food tastes good. 这种食物尝起来味道很好。 当burn(燃烧)、clean(打扫)、cook(煮)、cut(切)、read(读)、sell(销售)、wash(洗)、wear(穿)、write(写)等表示主语内在“品质或性能”的动词，其后跟一个副词如well(好)、easily(容易地)、perfectly(十分地)等连用，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+副词。sell well( 畅销), last well(持久), wash well(耐洗), write well(写起来流畅);wash easily(易洗), break easily(易折), write smoothly(写起来流畅), light easily(易燃)。The book sells well.这种书很畅销。The pen writes smoothly. 这钢笔写起来流畅。This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。The match does not light easily. 火柴不易点燃。当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义，说明主语的意志时。The door wont lock. 门锁不上。The car wont start. 车就是发动不起来。deserve, need, require, want后面的动名词表示被动含义。The room needs cleaning (needs to be cleaned).这房间需要打扫。The old building requires repairing (requires to be repaired). 这座古建筑需要修了。Your hair wants/needs cutting (wants to be cut).你的头发该剪了。注：这些动词后的动名词可以替换成动词不定式的被动形式。be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is well worth reading.8、meet 遇见;碰到 I met him in the street at eight yesterday morning. 昨天早晨8点钟我在街上碰到他。 注:meet表迎接时有被动语态。如: I was met at the airport by all my old friends in that city. 该城老友全都到机场迎接我。 9、weigh 物体所称重量为 This stone weighs 200 tons. 这块石头重200吨。当weigh表示“称”时有被动语态。如: This stone will be weighed this evening. 今晚这块石头将被称出重量。10、open店铺开门营业 This shop doesn't open on Sunday. 这家商店周日不开门营业。当open表“打开; 开幕; 开张”时有被动语态。如: This door was opened by Li Ping. 门是被李平打开的。 This sports meeting will be opened next week.运动会将于下周开幕。11、come into being 形成; 产生（不可用于被动语态或进行时） When did the Roman Empire come into being? 罗马帝国是什么时候形成的? Their army came into being in 1938. 他们军成立于1938年。12、 happen为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。例如，表示"这故事发生在去年。”不能说：The story was happened last year.可以说：The story happened last year. happen为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如，表示"这事发生一年了。"不能说：This happened for one year.可以说：This happened one year ago. happen一般用来强调某事发生的偶然性。 要表示事先安排或有准备的事情或活动，则不能用happen，而要用take place。例如：A sports meeting took place(=was held) in our school last week.上周我校举行了运动会。(不能说：A sports meeting happened in our school last week.)13、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系） Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系） He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系）
