初中英语时态和语态专项练习题(21页).doc
-初中英语时态和语态专项练习题-第 21 页初中英语时态和语态专项练习题1The boy is happy because he _(sell) out all the newspapers.2The plan _(give) up because of rain.3If it _(not rain) tomorrow, we _(go )fishing.4Where _you_(be) these days?5Where is Tom? He _(go) to the post office. He said he _(come) back soon.6Mike says he _(want )to be a worker after he _ (finish )school.7The last bus _just _(leave) when they _(get) to the bus stop.8She _(not go) to bed until she _(finish) her work.9Light _(travel )much faster than sound.10I _(feel) much better after I _(take) the medicine.11”Where _we_(meet)?” “Lets meet outside the park gate.”12I_(be) afraid Mr Johnson _(not visit) out school tomorrow.13I _(lost) my bike ._you _(see) it anywhere?14_this kind of car _(produce) in Shanghai?15We _(see) several members of the family since we _(arrive)16I found that the students _(play) football on the playground.17The shop _(close) at this time of day.18Where _your watch _(lose)?19_the doctor _(send) for last night?20Three children _(take) good care by the nurse.21Some children _(take ) good care by the nurse.22Some new houses _(build) by the villagers themselves.23What language _(speak) in Australia?24The colour TV _(buy) in that shop three days ago.25He said he _(stay) here for another two days.26The doctor said Jim must _(operate ) on at once.27“_the bridge _(repair) yet?”“Yes, the workers_ already_(repair) it.”28We are in Grade One this year, so we _(teach ) physics next year.29“Where _(be) you last night?”“I_(ask) to help Tom at home”30The big tree _(blow)down in the storm last night.31I_ never _(eat) such delicious noodles before.32When we reached the town, it _(get) dark.33We _(have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door.34Lucy said she _(visit) the school the next month.35I _(wait) until he comes back.36You _(watch) TV after supper, arent you?37They _(be) to that small village several times.39Can you tell me if it _(snow) tomorrow?40Could you tell me if you _(read) the story book?41He said the lights in the room _(go) out when he opened the door.42I _(be) fifteen soon.43Tom, your aunt _(come) this afternoon .44My teacher often _(tell) us not to play on the street.45They_(plant) trees on the hill. Do you see?46The teacher said that the earth _(move) round the sun.47She said she _(put) on a new coat the next day.48The Great Wall _(know) all over the world.49Could you tell me where Alice _ (live)?50_the film _(show) many times since last Sunday.51_the street lights usually _(turn) on at seven in summer evening?52I _(not go) to the cinema because I _(see) the film before.53It _(get) dark. What about _(go) home at once?54You _(be) late if you _(not hurry).55Use your head and you _(find) a better way.56Look!Someone _(lie) on the floor.57It _(rain) harder now. It _(rain) quite often in summer.58Here _(come) the bus.59I dont know when the manager _(return), but when be _(come) back I _(let) you know.60“Where _(be) you this time yesterday?”“I_(be) at home. I _(go) over my lessons then.”KEY:1has sold 2will be given up/ has been given up 3doesnt rain, will go 4have, been 5has gone, would come 6wants, finishes 7had, left, got 8wont go, finishes9travels 10felt, had taken 11shall/will, meet 12am, wont visit13have lost, Have seen 14is, produced15Have seen, arrived 16were playing 17is closed 18was, lost/ has, been lost 19was, been sent 20was taken 21are taken 22have been built 23is spoken 24was bought25would stay 26be operated 27has, been repaired, have repaired28will be taught 29were ,was, 30was blewn 31have, eaten32got/ had got 33were having 34would visit 35will wait36are watching 37have been 38snows 39had studied40have read 41had been gone 42will be/ am 43will come 44tells45are planting 46moves 47would put 48is known 49lives50has, been showed 51are, turned 52wont go, have seen53gets, going 54will be, dont hurry 55will find 56is lying57is raining/ rains, rains 58comes 59will return, comes, will let 60were, was, was going初中英语语法之感叹句感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导,"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、 由"what"引导的感叹句:"what"意为"多么"用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是: what+(a/an)+adj. + n. +主语+谓语. 如: What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀! What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀! What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀! What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀! What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀! What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀! 二、由"how"引导的感叹句:"how"意为"多么",用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是: How+ adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语. 如: How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀! How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀! How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀! How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀! How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀! 三、在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用"what"引导,也可用"how"引导。如: What a hot day it is! How hot the day is! 多么热的天气呀! What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀! What bad weather it is! How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀! What bright sunshine it is! How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀! 四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时,口语中常常采用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。 如: What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀! What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀! How cool! 好凉快呀! How wonderful! 精彩极了!初中英语常用词组辨析(31组)Look和See 答:a. look一词单独用时,表示“看!”,通常要放在句首。如: Look! There is a monkey in the tree. 看!树上有一只猴子。 b. look at表示要看具体的内容,如人或物。如: Dont look at me. Look at the blackboard, please.不要看我,请看黑板。 c. see表示看的结果,即“看到;看见”。如: Can you see the words on the blackboard? 你能看见黑板上的字吗? see也用于“看电影”这个词组中,即:see a filmSpend take pay pay 的主语必须是人: (sb) pay money for sth. / pay sb.for sth.; spend的主语必须是人: (sb.) spend money/.for/on sth./ in doing sth. 在.方面花钱或精力; take表示做某事花费多少时间, 其主语一般是 一件事 有时也可以是人: It takes/ took sb. some time to do sth. 强调完成动作所花费的时间。 It takes sb some time to do sth It took him half an hour to finish his homework 他花了半个小时完成家庭作业。 sb spends some timemoney on sth(in) doing sth I spent thirty yuan on this book 我三十元买了这本书。 She spent ten minutes (in) getting there 她10分钟到达那儿。 sb pays (some money) for sth He paid a lot of money for the building 他买房子花了许多钱。 表“花费”的动词中,还有一个,即cost: cost 的主语必须是物或事: (sth.) cost(s) sb. money/life/health/time.; This coat cost me eighty yuan 这件上衣花了我80元。3、 on in at1.at 介词at表时间、表地点。 (1)at表示时间,用于钟点前,用于时刻前,译为"在.时(刻)"。如: at threethree o'clock 在三点。 at a quarter to six 六点差一刻。 at noon 在中午,at night 在夜晚, at midnight 在半夜 at breakfastlunchsupper 在吃早饭午饭晚饭时 at this time of day 在每天这个时候 (2)at表示地点,一般用于较小的地名(方)前,译为"在."。如: at home 在家,at the station 在车站 (3)at表示处于.状态,译为"从事于."。如: at school 在上学,at work 在工作 【相关链接】at加名词一般可与现在进行时态互换使用,表示正在进行的动作,试比较:They are at workThey are working 2in 小小介词in,用途却很多。可表时间,表地点,表手段、方法、材料。 (1)in表示时间,用于泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等;用于某个较长的时间,如年、月、季节等。如: in the morningafternoonevening在上(下午)或晚上,in 2003在2003年,in the daydaytime在白天 【相关链接】in还可以表示"从现在起一段时间以后"。如: They will see you in a week他们将在一周后去看你。 另外,in和at都可以表示时间,但in表示较长的时间,而at表示时间的某一点。例如: He got up late in the morning and had a meal at noon他早上起得晚,所以只吃午餐。 (2)in表示地点、场所,译为"在.里"、"在.中"。如:in the factory 在工厂,in the room 在房间里,in the sun 在阳光下,in the middle of在.的中央 【相关链接】in和at都可表示地点,而in表示的地点比at所表示的地点大。 (3)in表示用语言,用.材料。译为"用.,以.方式"。如:in English用英语,in ink用墨水 (4)in表示穿戴的状态,译为"戴着、穿着"。如:in the white shirt穿着白色的衬衫,in the cap戴着帽子 【相关链接】in表示"穿(戴)着"是介词,指状态,同wear一样。in后接表示服装类的名词或表示颜色的词。如: Kate is in a red skirtKate wears a red skirt凯特穿着红裙子。 3on 介词on表示时间、地点、方位等。 (1)on表示时间,用于星期、日期(包括该天的各部分)。如:on SundaySundays,on Monday morningafternoonevening等。 on也用于某一日的名词前,用于公共节假日前。如: On New Year's Day 在元旦,on Children's Day 在儿童节等。 (2)on表示地点、位置,有"在.旁"、"接近"、"靠近"之意。如: a house on the main road 临大街的房子, sit on my right 坐在我的右边 (3)on表示状态,译为"处于.情况中,从事于."等。如: on duty 值日,on holiday 度假 (4)on表示"在.上面",用在表示物体的名词前。如: on the box 在盒子上 【相关链接】on和over都是介词,on表示"在.上面",指一物体与另一物体表面相接触;over表示"在.上方",指一物体与另一物体不接触。试比较: There is a light on the desk桌子上有盏台灯。(light与desk接触) There is a light over the desk桌子上方有一盏灯。(light与desk不接触) 【特别提示】表示"在.上",介词on与in必须注意习惯用法,否则会出错。不妨比较一番: on the treein the tree都译为".在树上"。前者表示树上本身所长着的叶子、花、果实等;后者表示某物或某人在树上。 on the wallin the wall都译为"在墙上"。由于介词不同,在使用上有区别。图画、黑板、风筝等"在墙上",是因为它们在墙的表面上,故用on the wall;门窗、钉子、洞、孔等"在墙上",是因为它们在墙的里面,故用in the wall。 4、clothes和clothingclothes泛指服装,包括上、下装,内、外衣 clothing是衣着的总称,无复数形式,如:man''s clothing5、a bit与a littlea bit和a little a bit和a little都有“一点、少许”之意。两进用作名词时,不能直接跟名词或代词,而必须用介of连接。如: Well, Mrs Green, may be he has caught a bit of cold. Theres a little (=bit of) time left. 还剩一点儿时间。 She knows a bit (=little) of English. 她懂一点儿英语。 a bit 和a little也可用作副词,后面跟形容词或副词。如: The jacket is a bit (=little) large. 这件夹克有点大。 Thats a bit expensive. Can I try them on, please? He ran a little faster than me. 他跑得比我快一点。 little还可用作形容词,表示“小的”、“几乎没有”。如: a little girl(一个小姑娘)、 a little water(有一点水) 注意:not a little 和not a bit的意思完全不同,前者是“许多、很”,后者是“一点儿也不”、“毫不”。试对比: Its not a bit cold. 天一点儿也不冷。 Its not a little cold.天很冷。6、everyday和every dayEveryday是形容词,意思是“日常用的”;every day“每天”是句词短语作状语。例如: You must pay attention to your_English. A.every days B.everyday C.everydays D.every day7、have to和must首先,两者都可译为“应该”或“必须”,都是情态助动词,这是它们的共同之处;但在用法上有以下重要区别: have to表示客观条件决定不得不做某事语气较弱;must表示说话人主观的看法,语气较强。 例如: Do I have to say the words? 我必须说这些话吗? You must work hard at English. 你必须努力学习英语。 must 只有一种形式,而have to有人称、数和时态的形式变化。 例如: She has to go to school earlier. 她应当早一点儿上学。(一般现在时,单数第三人称) I''ll have to write to him this evening. 今晚我必须给他写信。(一般将来时) He had to look after his sister yesterday.8、look,look at,see都是“看”的意思。look是不及物动词,一般单独使用,look at是及物动词,后可接所看的事物,东西,see也是及物动词,后可接所看的人,电影等。如: Look.The bus is coming. Please look at the blackboard. I saw a film yesterday.(saw是see的过去式)9、near besidenear表示相对的“近”, 实际距离可能还很远。例如: Suzhou is near Shanghai. There is a post office near our school. beside表示“靠近”,实际距离不可能很远,例如: He was sitting beside her.10、past passpass, past这两个词不是同义词,也不是近义词,但初学者容易用错。pass是动词,而past是介词,有时用作形容词或名词。当pass用作动词和past用作介词时,它们都有“过去”和“经过”的意思,这里主要讨论它们这种含义上的用法差别。 Three months passed and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. 三个月过去了,后来有一天上午,山姆在自己前门的外面发现了自己的钱包。 After they passed the forest, they came to a river. 他们穿过那个树林后,便来到一条河边。 I go past the post-office every day.我每天都从邮局经过。 It's two minutes past twelve.现在是十二点过两分。 注:past用作形容词,是“过去的”意思,用作名词是“过去”的意思 The past year was full of troubles.过去的一年充满着困难。 We knew nothing of his past.关于他的过去情况我们一无所知。11、die dead dealth12、large和biglarge 侧重表示三维量值,强调体积,修饰人时指个子大。此外它也可以表示范围,能力(capacity)和数量(amount或quantity)方面的大 Do you want the large size, or the small size? 你是要大号的还是要小号的? big 也可以表示体积大,但不同于large。比方,a large box 只说明箱子大,但未必重,而a big box 不仅体积大而且含义此箱子很重。此外,big还含义给人以深刻的印象,有时含有“重要”的意思。因此可以用big来修饰problem,但不能用large, a big person 未必large, 相反a large person未必big On the last day I made a big decision. 在最后一天,我作了一项重大的决定。 He is working for a big firm. 他现在为一家大商行工作。13、in和intoin意为“在内”,是表示静态的介词,into意为“进里”,是表示动态的复合介词。例如: She is walking in the room.她正在房间里踱来踱去。 She walked into the room.她走进了房间。 在put, throw, break, lay, fall等动词之后,既可以用in,也可以用into,这时in也表示动态,常含有into的意思。例如: He put all the books in/into the bag.他把所有的书都放进书包里。 In可以作副词,into不可。例如:Come in! 进来!14、past pass across crosspass动词,“经过;穿过;通过;度过;传递”,在句中通常作谓语。例如: This information will never pass my lips.我决不泄漏这个消息。 Please pass me the ruler.请把尺子递给我。 past是pass的过去分词。用于构成完成时态。 past介词,“(指时间、地点、数量、程度等)过;(指范围、限度、能力等)超过”。例如: at half past seven在七点半 Our bus drove past the Great Hall of the People. 我们乘的公共汽车开过人民大会堂。 across介词,“横过;穿过;在的另一边”,指从一边到另一边,在句中作状语。例如: Lets help push the cart across the bridge.我们帮着把车子推过桥吧。 The post office is just across the street.邮局就在马路对过。 副词,“横过;穿过;从一边到另一边;交叉;横;阔”。例如: The river is 400 metres across.河宽有四百米。 cross动词,“越过;穿过;渡过;使交叉/相交;”在句中可以作谓语。例如: The red army crossed the snow mountains and the marshy grasslands. 红军爬雪山,过草地。(及物动词,后面跟宾语) You may cross to the other side of the street by subway. 你可以从地道过街。(不及物动词,后面要跟宾语必须加介词to。) 名词,“十字形;”例如:the Red Cross 红十字会15、or和andor和and都有“和,还有,跟”之义,但and用于肯定句中,而or用在选择疑问句或否定句中,如: Tom and John are both my friends. Shall we meet this afternoon or tomorrow? or常译作“或者”,另外还有“否则”之义,而and没有,如: Hurry up,or you'll be late.(否则)16、street way road routeroad意为“路”,“道路”,指供车辆或行人通过的大道,两侧一般没有房子。如:The car is running along the road.汽车沿(着这条道)路行驶。 Street意为“街道”,指城镇、乡村任何两旁有房子的路。“在街上”可以说on the street,也可以说in the street,前者是美国英语,后者是英国英语。说“在第几号”要用介词at,如:There are many shops in the street.街上有许多商店。 Way意为“道路”,指street, road或任何可以通行的路,含义较抽象。口语中问路时常用way。way还可指路程距离。如: I asked the way to the station.我打听去车站的路。 It was a long way from here.路(程)很远。 route的含义是“路线”,通常是迂回的,可以包括数条道路或街道,有时甚至包括小路、小巷。使用范围也较广。如:登山运动员所攀登的路线,实际上不是路;其它方面,如公共汽车所行经的“路线”,邮递员发送邮件的“路线”等 That postman is in charge of this route.那个邮递员负责这条投递线路。 This bus route covers a large number of streets.这路公共汽车行经许多街道。17、"as well as" "as well" "and"as well,同too, also,其反义词为either,用于肯定句句尾,表“也,又;同样;(既)又;(不仅)而且:He is a scientist, but he is a poet as well.他是科学家,而且又是诗人。as well as用于肯定句中,起连接作用,同not onlybut also,反义词为neithernor,表“既又;不仅而且”;也:He gave me clothes as well as food.他既给我食物,又给我衣服。(as well as重在强调其前面的人或事物)and与二者的区别较大,and虽也是连词,但表“和,与,同时”,表示并列或对称的关系,用来连接词、短语或句子:father and son父子;He and I are friends.他和我是朋友。18、talk speak telltell“告诉,请传达某事给某人”(常有双宾语,人和话语,tell sb. sth.) 如:Tell him to wait. 叫他等着。 speak 着重“讲话这一动作本身, 既可指系统的长篇讲话, 又可指简单的开口发音, 但不一定有人在听所说的话”, 如:T