初中英语现在完成时用法归纳(3页).doc

-初中英语现在完成时用法归纳-第 2 页优胜教育现在完成时1、用法： 用于表示“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果”。强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与 “ever/never/already/yet/just”连用。如：She has gone to Shanghai. She is not here. 用于表示“过去开始的动作一直持续到现在”。强调动作的持续性，常与“for/since+时间”连用。 如： I have lived in Kunming for ten years.2、时态标志词：for/since+时间，just，never，ever，already，yet，before，so far，in the past/last few years等。3、常考易错点：（1）辨析have gone to，have been to与have been inhave/has gone to：“已经去了某地（去而未归）”去了某地还没回来，常用来回答where开头的问句have/has been to：“曾经去过某地（去而已归）”去过某地但已回来，常与ever/never/次数(two/many times)连用。have/has been in：“在某地待了(多长时间)”，常与 “for/since+时间” 连用。 He is not here. He has gone to Beijing. He has been to Beijing for many times. He has been in Beijing for 20 years. （2） 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：时态类别用途构成时态标志例句一般过去时强调动作发生在过去(但不强调对现在造成的影响)。动词用过去式表“过去时间”的词或短语:yesterday, last night, two days ago， just now，in 2010I lost my English book yesterday.现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响have/has +过去分词already，yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice，for three years，since 9:00，since+从句I have lost my English book. I cant find it now. (过去把书弄丢，现在找不到了。强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响)（3）already与yet：肯定句用already，否定句和问句用yet.（4）for与since：for+时间段 (多少分钟/小时/天/周/月/年，如：two weeks/five years等) since+时间点 (某天/周/月/年，如：last week/2016等) since +时间段+ago，如：since two weeks ago=for two weeks since+从句（从句动词用过去式） 常见句式：现完+since+过去式 （5） 短暂(动词)变延续 句中有“for+时间/how long”用现在完成时且短暂性动词需转换为have/has been格式，如： . die have/has been dead . marry have/has been married . leave have/has been away . begin/start have/has been on . join have/has been in 口诀：有for+时间用have/has been 特殊 . borrow/lend have kept (保管) . buy have had(拥有) 比较：I borrowed a book a week ago. I have kept the book for a week. I bought a car last year. I have had the car for a year.