和现在完成时连用的时间状语(3页).doc
-和现在完成时连用的时间状语-第 3 页和现在完成时连用的时间状语现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。 1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如"for+时间段"，"since+时间点"。如：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：I've just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊!我还从来没听到过比这更优美的歌喉。3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如：How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何?The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年时间里写了一本新书。Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗?The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等现在完成时的用法一、构成方法由 have 加动词的过去分词构成，主语是第三人称单数时，要将 have 改为 has。二、用法说明表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作，其结果的影响现在依然存在。有时与just, already, yet, recently, before, twice, three times等时间状语连用，如：I have seen the film already. 我已经看过那部电影了。(现在我知道电影的内容了。)Have you seen my bag? 你看到我的手提包了吗? (你知道它在哪里? )注意：1. 现在完成时不与yesterday, last week, two days ago, in1983, just now, when等表示具体的过去时间的状语连用。2. 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等；而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在的影响，因此，若现在影响并不存在时就不能用现在完成时了。如说I have closed the door. 那门现在也是关着的，若被风吹开了，就只能说I closed the door. 了。表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since+时间点”，“for+时间段”，及how long, (ever) since, ever, before, so far, in the last /past few years, up to now, till now等时间状语连用。如：She has been a dancer for ten years. 她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。Theyve lived here since 1989. 从1989年起他们就在这里住了。I saw Julia in April and I havent seen her since. 我四月见到朱莉娅，从那之后就没见到她了。注意：非延续性动词 leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow 等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与 for 或 since 等引导的时间段连用。但其在否定式是可与这类时间状语连用的。如：I havent met him for two years. 我两年没有遇见他了。用于This/That/It is the first(second) time that句型中。如：It is the first time that I have visited your beautiful city. 这是我第三次参观这个美丽的城市了。用于This/That/It is +the+形容词最高级+名词+that句型中。如：Thats the most interesting book Ive ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。
