英语2-综合训练完形+翻译(7页).doc

-英语2-综合训练完形+翻译-第 7 页【U1】“Youre going to another country to study? How wonderful! You're really   lucky!” “你去另一个国家学习?多么美妙!你真幸运!” But is it true all the time? Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to adjust to life in a new culture. They call the feelings which people experience when they come to a new environment culture shock.但这是真的吗?跨文化研究专家说,不容易适应生活在一个新的文化。他们叫人的感情经历文化冲击当他们来到一个新的环境。According to these specialists, there are three stages of culture shock. In the first stage, the newcomers like their environment. Then, when the newness wears off, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, the apartment, and everything else in the new culture. In the final stage of culture shock, the newcomers begin to adjust to their surroundings. As a result ,they enjoy their life more.  根据这些专家,有三个阶段的文化冲击。在第一阶段,新来者像他们的环境。然后,当新鲜感消退,他们开始讨厌这个城市,这个国家,人民,公寓,一切在新的文化。在文化冲击的最后阶段,这些新来者开始适应周围环境。因此,他们更享受他们的生活。Some of the factors in culture shock are obvious. Perhaps the customs are different. Perhaps the public service networks such as the telephone or post office are difficult to understand and you make mistakes. The simplest things seem difficult. The language may be difficult. The food may seem strange to you. You may also miss the familiar smells of the food you are used to in your own country. If you don't look   similar to the natives, you may feel strange. You may feel like everyone is watching you. In fact, you are always watching yourself. You are self-conscious. 一些因素的文化冲击是显而易见的。也许海关是不同的。也许等公共服务网络电话或邮局是很难理解,你犯错误。最简单的事情看起来困难。语言是非常困难的。你的食物看起来很奇怪。你也错过了熟悉的气味的食物你习惯于在自己的国家。如果你没有类似于当地人,你可能会感到奇怪。你可能会觉得每个人都看着你。事实上,你总是看自己。你是自我意识。Who experiences culture shock? Everyone does in some form or another. But culture shock comes as a surprise to most people. A lot of the time, the people with the worst culture shock are the people who never had any difficulties in their own countries. They had hobbies or leisure activities which they enjoyed back in their mother country. When they come to a new country, they do not have the same established positions or hobbies. They find themselves without a role, almost without a(n) identity . They have to build a new self-image. This can take a long time.谁经历文化冲击?每个人都以某种形式或另一个。但文化冲击之际,对大多数人来说一个惊喜。很多时候,人们最严重的文化冲击是没有任何困难的人在他们自己的国家。他们的爱好或休闲活动,他们喜欢回到自己的祖国。当他们来到一个新的国家,他们没有相同的头寸建立或爱好。他们发现自己没有一个角色,几乎没有(n)的身份。他们必须建立一个新的形象。这可能需要很长时间。【U2】The Olympics were first started by the Greeks and were very religious in nature. The Greeks honored their gods by holding competitions as well as by singing and dancing. When the Games were held, all the cities of Greece stopped their wars to show their respect for the gods. 奥运会开始了希腊和非常宗教的性质。希腊人纪念他们的神的比赛和唱歌和跳舞。奥运会举行时,所有的希腊城市停止了他们的战争来显示他们对神的尊重。There were originally four towns in which the Games were held and each town held the Games once in four years. But the Games at Olympia were the most important . The four-year period from the beginning of one Olympic Games to the beginning of the next became known as an “Olympiad”. 最初四个城镇的运动会,每个城镇举行奥运会四年一次举行。但奥运会在奥林匹亚是最重要的。从一开始四年的奥运会的开始下一个被称为一个“奥林匹克运动会”。Apart from the singing and dancing, the Games were very like the modern Olympics of today. There were foot-races in a stadium over long and short distances. There were jumping events, throwing events, and boxing. 除了唱歌和跳舞,游戏很像今天的现代奥运会。有奔跑在球场长和短的距离。有跳事件,事件,和拳击。Only men were allowed to compete in or watch these early games. Later women were allowed to watch but they did not compete. The stadium in Greek times was built in a horseshoe shape. Thousands of men, and later women, applauded the greatest athletes in the country as they competed. They looked forward to the Games with much excitement. 只有男性才可以参加或观看这些早期的游戏。后来女性被允许看但是他们没有竞争。体育场在希腊时期建于一个马蹄的形状。成千上万的男人,后来女性竞争,中国最伟大的运动员鼓掌喝彩。他们期待着奥运会太多的兴奋。The ancient Olympic Games of Greece took place every four years for hundreds of years. But after the fifth century B.C., the Greeks were overpowered by the Romans. Then Greece became part of the Roman Empire. In Roman times the Olympic Games became less of   a religious event than it was during Greek times. The focus changed to the games themselves. Further changes to the Olympic Games have been made since. Even with the changes to the Olympic Games, however, we still remember the place of their birth. 希腊的古代奥运会每四年举行一次几百年来。但是在公元前五世纪,希腊被罗马人制服了。那么希腊成为罗马帝国的一部分。在罗马时代奥运会变得不那么比希腊时期的宗教活动。焦点改变游戏本身。进一步改变奥运会了。即使改变奥运会,然而,我们仍然记得他们出生的地方。And we are reminded of the original Games even more, because Greece hosted the games very recently. The 2004 Summer Olympics were held in Athens, Greece. Over 200 countries participated in the Games. Also, for the first time ever, the Olympic flame, now very important to the Olympics, traveled around the world in a relay. The excitement of 2004 and that of the original competitions stays with us as we look forward to future Olympic Games. 我们想起了最初的游戏更多,因为希腊最近举办了游戏。在2004年夏季奥运会在雅典举行,希腊。200多个国家参加了奥运会。有史以来第一次,奥运圣火,现在非常重要的奥运会,在继电器一起环游世界。2004年的兴奋和原来的比赛将一直伴随我们期待未来的奥运会。【U3】Choosing your life partner is a decision that requires very careful thought. Getting married is something you do not want to take lightly. Divorce rates around world are increasing every year. And in some countries they are now as high as 50 percent! If you dont want to end up divorced and heart-broken, take my advice to help you choose your perfect partner. 选择你的生活伴侣是一个决定,需要非常小心。结婚是你不想掉以轻心。每年世界各地的离婚率都增加。在一些国家,他们现在高达50% !如果你不想离婚,因此伤心欲绝,采取我的建议来帮助你选择你的完美伴侣。First of all, you and your partner should be compatible. You need to know that you share a common purpose in life. You and your partner should have similar goals and ambitions that you can work toward achieving through your married life. It will be difficult to keep your marriage together if your partner wants to stay at home and raise a large family, but you want to travel the world. You might have difficulty telling him that you want to have a life free from having children. 首先,你和你的伴侣应该是兼容的。你需要知道你分享一个共同的目的。你和你的伴侣应该有类似的目标和野心,你可以通过你的努力实现婚姻生活。很难让你的婚姻如果你的伴侣想要呆在家里,提高一个大家庭,但是你想要环游世界。你可能会有困难告诉他,你想有一个没有孩子的生活。Next, ask yourself this question: Is my partner a person with whom I can share my deepest thoughts and feelings? In other words, can you be completely honest and open with this person? Or do you sometimes feel shy and uncomfortable telling her how you feel? If your situation is the former, then you have probably found your true love. If, however, it is the latter, take your time before you marry this person. 接下来,问问你自己这个问题:我的伴侣和我可以分享我的最深的一个人的想法和感受呢?换句话说,你可以和这个人完全诚实和开放吗?或者你有时会感到害羞和不舒服的告诉她你的感受?如果你的情况是前者,那么也许你已经找到了你的真爱。然而,如果是后者,你把你的时间嫁给这个人。Marry a person who is polite and kind to others; he will be polite and kind to you. In my experience, you can learn a lot about the true nature of a person by watching how he treats other people. If someone is kind and giving to family and friends, he will do the same to you. Someone who has good manners and is polite and respectful when dealing with others is whom you should be looking for. He will show you the same consideration. 嫁给一个人礼貌和善待别人,他会对你有礼貌和亲切。根据我的经验,你可以学到很多关于一个人的本性看他如何对待别人。如果有人,给家人和朋友,他会对你做同样的事情。礼貌,礼貌和尊重的人在与别人打交道时你应该找谁。他将告诉你同样的考虑。Finally, when you enter into a relationship with someone, remember that you should not expect to change that person. Be sure that the person you are getting together with is someone you like exactly the way he is. Otherwise, you are sure to be disappointed. 最后,当你与某人进入一段关系,记住,你不要指望改变这个人。确保你的人与你喜欢的人到底是他的方式。否则,你肯定要失望了。【U4】Universities are at their best when they do more than give students knowledge about their subjects. A new science and engineering first degree program is creating a lot of excitement at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It is helping to prepare students to become leaders capable of creating and directing change in local, national, and global communities. Experts believe that much can be expected of this. The details might be of some interest to you. 大学是在他们最好的时候做的更多,而不是给学生知识的学科。一个新的科学与工程学士学位程序创建大量的兴奋在麻省理工学院(MIT)。这是帮助学生成为领导人的能力创造和引导当地的变化,国家和全球社区。专家认为,可以预期。细节可能会对你有些兴趣。Three years ago, MIT worked with Leadership, Inc. to create the institute-based Leader Shape Institute. Program leaders call it “a serious and creative response to todays basic challenges”. They mean to develop students and engineers who are prepared to “lead with integrity” both in technological fields and in society. Central to the effort is helping students to learn to listen to society as it expresses its need for change. 三年前,麻省理工学院与领导,公司创建研究所领导人形状。项目领导人称之为“一个严重的和创造性的基本应对当今的挑战”。他们想开发学生和工程师准备“铅与完整性”在技术领域和社会。努力的核心是帮助学生学会倾听社会表达其改变的必要性。For the past three summers, the Leader Shape Institute has provided 120 MIT science and engineering students with a thorough six-day experience featuring highly interactive teaching and learning methodologies. Throughout the program, students develop skills in problem identification and problem solving. They are also instructed in professional morals, decision-making, dealing with uncertainty, working within a diverse community, and relationship communication. Most discussions and activities take place in assigned small “groups”. These groups provide supportive, safe environments that promote learning. It is meant that students develop new skills and attitudes. Each participant creates an individual plan of action called a “vision”, which is a main element of the Leader Shape curriculum. Each vision must be designed to bring confident change to the institute community. It must be carried out during the following school year. 过去三个夏季,领袖形状研究所提供了120年麻省理工学院科学与工程的学生彻底六日体验具有高度交互性的教学和学习方法。整个程序,培养学生识别问题和解决问题的技能。他们也要求在职业道德、决策、处理不确定性,工作在一个多元化的社区,和沟通的关系。大多数的讨论和活动发生在分配小“组”。这些团体提供支持、安全环境,促进学习。它意味着学生发展新的技能和态度。每个参与者创建一个个人行动计划称为“愿景”,这是一个领导者的主要元素形状的课程。每个愿景必须旨在给研究所带来自信改变社会。它必须在接下来的学年。So what do students think about what they learn from the Leader Shape Institute? Nearly everyone asked about it speaks highly of their experience. One student, Christy Robertson, said that it had changed her life. “I feel that the things Ive learned here are more important than anything else Ive ever learned in a university classroom,” she said. “I only wish that I could sign up to take it a second time.” Many other students feel the same way. 所以学生觉得从形状所长他们学习什么?几乎每个人都被问到它高度评价他们的经验。一个学生,克里斯蒂Robertson说,它已经改变了她的生活。“我觉得我在这里学到的东西比别的更重要我学习在一所大学的教室,”她说。“我只希望我可以签署第二次。“许多其他学生有同样的感觉。【U5】There are two ways to spoil a child, that is, “overindulgence” and “oversubmissiveness”. The problem with overindulgent parenting is that it starves  the child of the opportunity to think for himself. It also keeps him from making his own decisions  and developing his own needs and preferences. An overindulged child never has to struggle to get something for himself. He never has to entertain any idea, chances or possible difficulties. When his parents are busy to prepare everything for him and hes tired  of all his toys, this child is “spoiled” into believing that life will provide him everything without  his own effort. And when he grows up he will expect everyone to read his mind and provide for him in this way. 有两种方法可以破坏一个孩子,也就是说,“放纵”和“过度顺从”。纵容自己养育的问题在于,它使孩子们为自己思考的机会。也让他从自己的决策和发展自己的需求和喜好。一个溺爱的孩子从来没有为自己努力得到一些东西。他从来没有接受任何想法,很可能或可能的困难。当他的父母正忙着为他准备的一切,他厌倦了他所有的玩具,这个孩子是“被宠坏的”相信生活将提供他一切都没有自己的努力。长大后,他会期望每个人都读他的主意,以这种方式提供给他。The other kind of spoiling is oversubmissiveness. An oversubmissive parent gives in to all his childs demands, often because he fears the child wont love him if he doesnt. He just isnt able to give a(n) firm   “No”. The parent has no time to himself, cant get the child to do anything without an argument, and has to listen to whining continuously . When hes had   too much , he explodes in anger. Then he gives in to the child even more because he feels guilty for exploding. Children need to learn that there are firm and consistent limits, and that they wont be allowed to take advantage of other people. 另一种破坏过度顺从。过度顺从的父母给他孩子的全部要求,往往是因为他担心孩子不会爱他如果他不。他只是无法给(n)公司“不”。父母没有自己的时间,不能让孩子做任何事情没有一个论点,并听牢骚不断。他有太多时,他愤怒地爆炸。然后他给了孩子更多的是因为他觉得有罪爆炸。孩子需要学习,有公司和一致的限制,他们不会允许别人利用。The child with an oversubmissive parent doesnt learn to accept a “No” from other people, or to set  limits for himself. He learns to get his way by fussing and the ever-present threat: “If you loved me, youd do what I want.” 过度顺从的父母的孩子没有学会接受别人的“不”,或为自己设定界限。他学会变得烦躁和无时不在的威胁:“如果你爱我,你会做我想做的事。”The child “spoiled” by oversubmissive parenting grows up into a teenager and adult without limits to his behavior. He also becomes a person who wont  respect other peoples limits and personal boundaries. He makes life miserable for his parents, spouse, and children, infringing on their rights and feelings. He does this without even being aware    of the people he hurts. Clearly, this is not good for anybody. 孩子“被宠坏的”过度顺从养育长大成一个少年和成人没有限制他的行为。他也变成了一个人不会尊重他人的限制和个人边界。他使他的父母生活悲惨,配偶,孩子,侵犯他们的权利和情感。他这样做,甚至没有意识到他伤害的人。显然,这不是适合任何人。Avoiding these two ways of spoiling is difficult, but well worth the effort. 避免这两种破坏方式是困难的,但是很值得。【U6】How important are our clothes? It is interesting to reflect on how much we judge people by the clothes they wear. Long hair and blue jeans with holes? We would think that he might be a student as that is a fashion started by young people. An elegant lady in a beautiful dress? She must be a foreigner, we think. English women of that age don't dress so smartly, and she probably has money, too. And that man with a well-tailored suit walking over there with an umbrella? A businessman, of course, and undoubtedly English. Why English? Well, he is formally dressed. Also, only an Englishman would always carry his treasured umbrella, even when it is not raining. 我们的衣服有多重要?有趣的是反思我们判断一个人,他们穿的衣服。长头发和蓝色牛仔裤洞吗?我们会认为他可能是一个学生,这是一个时尚的年轻人开始。一位优雅的女士在一个美丽的衣服吗?她一定是个外国人,我们认为。英语,年龄的女性不要裙子非常漂亮,和她可能有资金。和那个男人西装和一把雨伞走那边吗?一个商人,当然,毫无疑问英语。为什么英语吗?嗯,他是穿着正式。同样,只有一个英国人总是带着他的珍贵的伞,即使不下雨。I once read of a news writer who went into a very expensive department store poorly dressed. She was watched with suspicion from the moment she walked into the store. As she examined the goods, she was watched carefully by security guards in the store. When she finally decided on a small purchase, she said she had forgotten to bring enough money with her and asked if she could pay by check. The clerk politely told her that checks were not accepted for goods of two dollars or under. The next day she went back , dressed well , smelling of expensive perfume. She chose an even cheaper article, told the same story and her check was accepted without question. It only goes to show how easily we are impressed by clothes. 我曾经读过新闻作家进入一个非常昂贵的百货商店衣衫褴褛。她用怀疑的眼光看着从走进了商店。她检查了货物,被保安在店里看仔细。当她最终决定购买,她说她忘记带足够的钱,问她是否可以用支票付款。服务员礼貌地告诉她,检查商品不接受两美元或以下。第二天她回来,穿着昂贵的香水的气味。她选择了一个更便宜的文章,讲的也是同样的故事和她接受了检查没有问题。它只说明我们是多么容易衣服印象深刻。Some people argue that judging other people by the clothes they we