常见英语语法错误(21页).doc

-常见英语语法错误-第 21 页常见英语语法错误1句子成分残缺不全 We always working till late at night before taking exams.（误） We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams（正） We should read books may be useful to us. （误） We should read books which may be useful to us. （正） 2句子成分多余 This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. （误） One test ends, but another is waiting for you. （正） The driver of the red car was died on the spot. （误） The driver of the red car died on the spot. （正） 3主谓不一致 Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. （误） Some think that reading should be selective. （正） My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. （误） My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. （正） 4动词时态、语态的误用 I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. （误） I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. （正） We have little time to read some books which we interest. （误） We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. （正） I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. （误） I have been studying in the college for two years（正） 5词类混淆 It is my point that reading must be selectively. （误） In my opinion, reading must be selective. （正） Honest is so important for everyperson. （误） Honesty is so important for everyone. （正） The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. （误） The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. （正）6名词可数与不可数的误用 Too much tests are disadvantage for students study. （误） Too many tests are disadvantageous to students. （正） In modern society, people are under various pressures（误） In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure. （正） 7动词及物与不及物的误用 The traffic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways. （误） The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways. （正） Because of his excellent performance, the boss rose his salary. （误） Because of his excellent performance, the boss raised his salary. （正） 8介词to和不定式符号的混淆 Too many tests will do harm to cultivate our independent thinking. （误） Too many tests will do harm to the cultivation of our independent thinking. （正） All these contributed to solve the serious problem. （误） All these contributed to the solution to the serious problem. （正） 9情态动词的误用 It may not good to our health. （误） It may be not good to our health. （正） They should spent much time. （误） They should spend much time. （正） 10. There be句型的误用 There exists some new problems such as being dishonest. （误） There exist/arise some new problems such as being dishonest. （正） There are many way to solve the tuition and fees of college education. （误） There are many ways to raise the money for the tuition and fees for college education. （正） 1.动宾搭配不当 We must pay attention to it and make solutions to the problem. （误） We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem. （正） It also may help you to make success. （误） It may also help you succeed/obtain your goal. （正） 2.根据中文逐字硬译 If someones family situation is not well, he can apply for loan to bank. （误） If ones family is not well off, he can apply to the bank for a loan. （正） Let alone touch the outside world of campus/keep a good body health（误） Let alone get in touch with the world outside of the campus/keep fit（正） 上面这些错误比较典型、集中，请大家务必要注意，其他的错误，如单词拼写、大小写、标点符号的误用等，可谓千姿百态，无奇不有，在此就不一一列举。 英语的时态定义 动词以一定的词形变化形式来表达事物之动作或状态的时间性者称为时态(Tense)。词形变化的形式共有如下四种：1一般式(Simple Form)2进行式(Progressive Form)3完成式(Perfect Form)4完成进行式(Perfect Progressive Form)动作或状态的时间性则可分为如下三个时段：1现在(Present)2过去(Past)3将来(Future)这四种词形形式和三个时段可以配合成如下的十二种动词的时态。这十二种时态可以列表如下：现以“I”为主语，“do”为动词，把这十二种时态以实例表达如下：（例序即为时态的次序）1I do it every day.（我每天做这样的事。）2I did it yesterday.（昨天我做了这件事。）3I shall/will do it tomorrow.（明天我要做这件事。）4I am doing it now.（现在我正在做这件事。）5I was doing it at that time.（当时我正在做这件事。）6I shall/will be doing it at 9：00 tomorrow morning.（明天早晨九时我会正在做这件事。）7I have done it already.（我已把这件事做好了。）8I have done it before I went home yesterday.（昨天我在回家之前就把那件工作做完了。）9I shall/will have done it before you come back tomorrow.（明天在我回来之前我会把这件工作做好。）10I have been doing it for two days.（这件工作我已做了两天了。说话时工作尚未做完，所以还得继续做。）11I had been doing the work for two hours when the teacher came.（老师来时那件工作我已做了两小时了。当时工作尚未完成，所以老师来了我还继续在做。）12I shall/will have been doing it for an hour when you come to see me at 9：00 tomorrow morning.（明天早上九时你来看我时，我会在做那件工作做了一小时。当然尚未能做完，还得继续做下去。）英语中的边缘介词边缘介词(Marginal Prepositions)指的是那些在语法功能上与介词相似的词。本文所要介绍的是那些貌似动词却非动词的边缘介词。与一般介词不同的是，这类介词的词形较特别：除少数词以动词原形出现以外，大多数词为分词形式。由于其独特的词形，加上一般语法书上又没有给出详尽的用法说明及例句，人们往往很难将这些词同介词联系在一起。事实上，作为一种较为特殊的介词，它们同样具有一般介词所具有的某些语法功能，在现代英语中的运用也并不少见。例如大学英语第一册中有这样的一个句子“.with more dignity than I would have thought possible considering his appearance.” 句中的“considering”就是一个十分常见的边缘介词。对于每个英语学习者来说，了解并掌握一些类似的边缘介词是很有必要的。这里，我向读者介绍一些常见的类似动词的边缘介词。 一、 形似现在分词的边缘介词英语中，绝大多数类似动词的边缘介词都为现在分词形式，其中最为常见的有以下一些：1.barring(不包括，如果没有)：Barring special circumstances, the plane will arrive on schedule. 如无特殊情况，飞机将准时到达。2.concerning(关于，就来说)：We had several discussions concerning the matter.关于这事，我们已讨论好几次了。3.considering(鉴于，就而论)：Considering his age, he writes quite well. 以他的年龄来看，他写得相当不错。4.excepting(除之外)，该词用于句首或not，without，always之后。Everyone helped, not excepting John.每个人都帮了一把，连约翰也不例外。5.failing(如果在中失败，如果没有)：Failing specific instructions, use your own judgment.如无具体指示，请自行酌办。6.pending(直到)，此词为正式用语。This matter must wait pending his return from Europe.这件事要等到他从欧洲回来后再说。7.regarding(关于)，此词为正式用语，常用于商业信函中。Yesterday, we had a spirited discussion regarding the future of the reform.昨天，我们就改革的前途进行了一番热烈的讨论。8.respecting(关于，至于)：I'm at a loss respecting his whereabouts.关于他的下落，我一无所知。9.touching(关于，提到)，该词用于正式语体或书面语。Touching the case, I suggest that we should go to ask the litigant.关于这个案子，我建议我们去问问当事人。10.wanting(没有)：Wanting courage, victory is impossible.没有勇气，就不可能取得胜利。二、形似过去分词及形同动词原形的边缘介词 这类介词为数不多，最常用的有以下几个：1.given(考虑到)：Given the present conditions, I think she's done rather well.考虑到目前的条件，我认为她做得相当不错了。2.granted (that)(假定，即使)：Granted (或Granting) that she should come to lend you a hand, it doesn't mean she will.即使她应该来帮你一把，也并不意味着她会这样做。3.bar(除之外)：We'll come on time bar(或barring)traffic delay.除非路上堵车，我们将准时到达。4.save(除之外)，此词为正式用语。The screen was all dark save for one bright spot.除了一个光点之外，屏幕上一片黑暗。从以上所给例句中，我们不难看出，这类介词同样具有一般介词的语法功能，它们在句中主要用作状语或在名词短语之后作后置修饰语。有一点需要说明的是，有些以分词形式出现的词，除了有边缘介词的功能以外，还有其他一些功能，如连接词的功能，这就非本文所讨论的范围了。美语发音总结第一章：五大发音要点！   我们将复杂的（complicated）语音规则总结成五大发音要点，使一般人都能掌握（master）。   它们是：长元音和双元音饱满；短元音急促有力；连音；略音和咬舌头。一、长元音和双元音饱满   鬼鬼祟祟的英文就是鬼鬼祟祟（sneaky; lousy）的元音造成的！只要把元音发饱满（full; plump）,你的英语立刻会变得悦耳动听。那些英美流行歌手就是元音饱满的典范！1. Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.        麦克喜欢在夜晚明亮的灯光旁写作。八次疯狂张嘴，元音极其饱满！2. Macao came back to China in 1999.       澳门于1999年回归祖国。3. I like the shape of that mountain.我喜欢那座山的样子。包含了四个容易混淆的元音：形容山水最恰当！二、短元音急促有力4. Jim must study a little bit more.杰姆必须再多一下一点功夫。5. Let's get together again.让我们找一天再聚一聚。三、连音6. I'm working on-it.我正在努力。美国总统常用7. I'll think-it-over.我会仔细考虑的。四、略音    第一条规则：以某音结尾的单词+同音开始的单词-只发一次即可！8. You ate-too much.你吃得太多了。9. I don't know what-to-do.我不知道该做些什么。两个辅音连接，只读后一个   第二条规则：以t，d，k，g，p和b+以辅音开始的单词前面的发音“点到为止”，舌头达到发音中位，但不送气！10. Lend-me your black-bag.把你的黑包借给我。11. I don't-like-people asking me for money.我不喜欢别人问我要钱。12. Do you want-that-magazine?你要那本杂志吗？13. Do you need-that-pencil?你需要那只铅笔吗？14. Ask-Bob-to sit-behind-me.让鲍勃坐在我后面。15. Would you mind-giving me that-red-book?    你把那本红皮书给我，好吗？  五、咬舌头16. There are thirty-three thousand three hundred and thirty-three feathers羽毛on that bird's throat.在那个鸟的颈部有三万三前三百三是三根羽毛。17. Neither father nor mother likes this weather.爸爸妈妈都不喜欢这天气。咬五次舌头18. It's the same thing.   都一样！19. Something is better than nothing.有总比没有好！20. Father and mother went through thick and thin.不管是顺境还是逆境，父母总是同甘共苦。同甘苦，共患难第二章：地道美国味速成   最能体现“美国味”的发音都集中在下面的句子中。其实做到很容易，只要你在练习的时候，尽量夸张（overdo, exaggerate）你的发音和口型，尽量放纵，尽量发泄，尽量慢，尽量拉长你的元音，并一口气读完整个句子。第一、 我们来看A，俗称“疯狂90度咧嘴”音。21. That black lad年轻人；少年was very sad because his dad   had died in a bad accident in the factory.九个“疯狂90度咧嘴”音    那个黑人少年极为忧伤，因为他爸爸在工厂的一起严重意外事故中丧身了。22. You shouldn't have done that.你不应该做那件事的实际上你做了。   大家一起来数一数，看看下面的对话中出现了多少个（疯狂90度咧嘴音）   23. A: What's thematter, Alice? You look sounhappy.爱丽丝，你怎么了？看来你很不高兴。B: Ihadabadday yesterday.我昨天倒霉了。A: Whathappened?出什么事了？B: I went shoppingandlost mybag.我昨天去买东西，把包给丢了。A: Yourbag? Did you get itback?你把包丢了?找回来没有?B: I went backfor it. But it was already gone.我回去找了，包已经丢了。A: That'stoo bad. I'm sorry to hear that.真不走运，事真叫人遗憾。   答案一共出现了13次“疯狂90度咧嘴”音,可以充分练习国际肌肉!设法尽早把你的中国肌肉变成国际肌肉( turn your Chinese muscle into international muscle ).   第二、我们来看i:，俗称穿针引线。   24. Do you see the key on the seat?你看见座位上的钥匙了吗？三次穿针引线，也就是三次长元音i:。   第三、Bi，俗称爱的大嘴音。25. It's inside my mouth.在我的嘴里。26. Would you mind * a little less noise?请您轻点儿，好吗？27. How nice of you to do that?你这样做真是太好了！28. He speaks very highly of you. 他对你赞不绝口。29. I'd drive five miles on Friday night to see a fight that I like.星期五晚上我要驱车五英里去观看我喜欢的拳击赛。   第四、下面是一个，典型的美国特有的大嘴发音B。元音字母O在重读闭音节中，美音和英音有不同的发音。这是英美发音重大差别之一。这个音我们俗称为“啊，祖国的大好河山”疯狂感叹音。30. Do what you want.做你想做的。31. Where is thewatchI put in mypocketto take to the       shopbecause it hadstopped.因为停止了走动而放在我的口袋里要拿到店里去修的那块表在什么地方？32. I wassorryto hear your had news.听到你的坏消息我很难过。33. Do you oftenwatchtelevision?你经常看电视吗？34. I'llwatchthe baby while you're away.你们不在时我来照看孩子。35. I knowwhatyou mean.我明白你的意思。36. Try to finish the job as soon aspossible.设法尽早完成这项工作。37. I'vegota job for you, washthese dishes.我有点活给你做，把这些碟子给洗了。38. Thank god you're safe!谢天谢地，你平安无事。39. You go first and I'll follow (you) later.你先走，我接着就来。40. It's a very popular song.那是一首非常流行的歌曲。第五、u，俗称舀水动作。41. He's one of my closest friends.他是我最亲密的朋友之一。42. We're hoping to visit the US this year.我们希望今年能到美国访问。43. After this dry weather, everyone hopes for rain.在这样干燥的天气之后，备家都希望能下雨。44. The White House is the home of the President and his family.白宫是总统和他家庭的住处。45. When his wife died, he was very lonely.妻子去世后，他很孤独。46. Let me show you the photographs from my vacation.让我给你看一看我假期里拍的照片。   第六、BU ，俗称啊噢鬼哭狼嚎大嘴音。47. Get out of my house now.马上从我的房子里滚出去。48. How about going downtown now?现在去市中心，好吗？49. I'm so proud of you.我深深为你而骄傲。50. No doubt about it.毫无疑问。   第七、Ci，俗称大小奥一音。51. I was annoyed at the boy for spoiling 糟蹋；破坏；损坏 the toy which belonged to Joy.这个男孩使我很生气，他糟蹋了乔伊的玩具。第三章：中国发音习惯大突破   下面我们来疯狂攻击辅音。因为中国各种方言影响根深蒂固，使得我们很多朋友有着顽固的发音障碍。   l和n52. I like listening to classical and light music.我喜欢听古典音乐和轻音乐。53. It's nice moonlight tonight.今夜月色迷人。   r和l54. Foreign languages are really difficult to learn.外语很难学。55. We are terribly sorry for being late.非常抱歉我们来晚了。F和V   F可以用汉字师傅尸体诗歌潮湿失恋来代替。*English  *fish  *wash  *foolish56. You are foolish to say so. =It is foolish to say so.你这样说是愚蠢的。57. You must be patient with your students.你对学生必须有耐心。   V可以用日来帮助发音。*pleasure  *measure *treasure  *usual  *leisure58. She spends much of her leisure time watching TV.她花了多少空闲时间看电视。59. Reading gives me great pleasure.读书带给我很大的乐趣。   tF和dV   tF可以用汉字气来训练。*China  *chair  *chance  *challenge  *choice  *charge60. I changed my mind.我改变了主意。61. He charged five dollars for the cups.这些杯子他索价五元。   dV可以用汉字“举”来训练。但是只发前半部分，轻轻地，温柔地发。*bridge  *change  *encourage  *age  *edge  *manage62. My uncle manages the hotel我的叔叔经营那家旅馆。.63. She looks old for her age.她看起来比她的年龄老得多。   ts和dz   ts可以用“雌”来帮助发音。*coats  *roots  *its  *plates  *let's   dz可以用“儿子”“滋润”“姿色”“艾滋病”来帮助发音。*foods  *beds  *birds  *buds   n,l和m   m是闭嘴音。64. To speak English well, you must move your mouth and murmur to yourself all the time.如果想要说好英语，你必须开口，并时刻自言自语。   n开嘴应答音。65. It will be fun to go camping.去露营会很好玩。   N开嘴撒娇音，气流要向鼻腔和头部上冲，舌身后缩。Thank you.谢谢！66. Everything is going fine.        万事如意。67. Nothing special!没什么特别的。68. She looks angry.她面有怒色。   最后我们来攻击美国发音的另外一个最大特点：疯狂卷舌头。69. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.只要有一点值得做的事情就值得好好做。70. World War Two was worse than World War One.二战比一战更残酷。71. Chinese people had a hard time during the Second World War.中国人民在二战中历尽磨难。第四章：综合训练  我们有一系列简易行的手势（gesture sign），使你迅速掌握美国英语发音的秘诀，迅速摆脱中国式英语的痕迹。   下面是综合训练，请同学们拿出你的激情和我们一起疯狂的做手势。 72. No pain, no gain.不劳而获。两次舀水，两次咧嘴73. We should keep our promise.我们应该遵守诺言。74. He should speak more slowly.他应该说的更慢。长音*短音*长音*卷舌音*舀水75. Girls should not stay out late at night. 女孩子晚间外出不可太晚回家。卷舌音*短音*感叹祖国山水大嘴音*咧嘴音*“啊噢”鬼哭狼嚎大嘴音*咧嘴音*略音*爱的大嘴音76. I've really enjoyed talking to you about old time.我很高兴与话旧。77. You should have gone to see the doctor earlier.你早就该去看医生了。78. I had a test this morning. I didn't do well on the test because I didn't study for it last night. I should have        studied last night.今天早晨我去考试了。考得不好，因为昨晚我没复习。昨晚我要是复习        就好了。79. We went to the movie, but it was a bad movie. We wasted our time and money. We should not have gone to the movie.我们去看电影了，但影片很差。我们浪费了时间和金钱。早知道就不去了。疯狂语法“should not + 过去分词”表示“过去应该做但没有做”80. I have been looking forward to meeting you.我一直希望能认识你。常考试题。包含两条难语法，一见面就一鸣惊人！81. I have been hoping to see you for a long time.我很久以来一直希望见到你。82. A: What are you planning to do?你打算做些什么？B: I'm hoping to go to China.我希望去中国。两次疯狂张嘴，两次疯狂舀水   第五章：健康减肥   下面和我一起来摸肚子，收小腹，促进健康又减肥！*city(城市)   *better（更好）  *dinner（正餐，晚餐）*ready(准备好)  *busy（忙）  *beautiful（美丽的）*begin(开始)  *believe（相信）  *black（黑色的）*civilization（文明）  *clever（聪明的）  *develop（发展）*different（不同的）  *efficient（有效的）  *finish（完成）*football（橄榄球）  *gesture（手势）  *headmaster（校长）*illegal (不合法的)  *jump(跳跃)  *knowledge(知识)*lipstick(口红)  *medicine(药)  *minute(分钟)*nonsense(胡说八道)  *pleasure(愉快)  *quality(质量)*relationship(私人关系)  *relax(放松)  *something(某事)*step by step(渐渐的)  *terrible(可怕的)  *trust(信任)*understand(理解)  *visit(参观访问)  *welcome(欢迎)*a zigzag path(蜿蜒的小径)  *yesterday(昨天)83. Business is business.       公事公办/公是公私是私。84. It is your business to take care of them.        照顾他们乃是你的责任。85. He went into business at the age of ten.他十岁进入商界。86. He went to Japan on business.他因公去日本。第六章：绕口令   绕口令（tongue twist