高中英语必修1(北师大版)Unit-1-Lifestyles--知识点总结(33页).doc

-高中英语必修1(北师大版)Unit-1-Lifestyles-知识点总结-第 33 页高中英语必修1（北师大版）Unit 1 Lifestyles 知识点总结一、重点词汇· 原文再现  Talk about your own lifestyle, and find out about other people's.   谈论你自己的生活方式，并了解别人的生活方式。· 基本用法  lifestyle  n. 生活方式；生活时尚  You should throw over your lifestyle.   你应该改变你的生活方式。  My healthy lifestyles help me get good grades.   我健康的生活方式帮我去得好成绩。  peaceful  · 基本用法  peaceful  adj. 和平的，爱好和平的；平静的  China is a peaceful country and Chinese people are very friendly.   中国是一个爱好和平的国家，中国人民都很友好。  注：“n+ful”构成形容词  peace(n.) 和平；平静-peaceful(adj.)和平的；平静的  stress(n.)压力-stressful (adj.)有压力的  The distant country is so peaceful that I dont want to go back to the noisy city.  遥远的乡村如此宁静以至于我不想返回喧闹的城市。  It was a very stressful time for all of them.  对于他们所有的人来说，那时一段艰难时期。· 知识拓展  相关单词  peace  n. 和平，宁静；平和   peacefully  adv. 和平地；安静地  相关短语  in peace 处于和平的状态；平静地  He can't live in peace with his neighbors.   他不能和他的邻居和平共处。  stressful  · 基本用法  stressful  adj. 紧张的；有压力的  It was a very stressful time for all of them.  对于他们所有的人来说，那时一段艰难时期。  注：“n+ful”构成形容词  peace(n.) 和平；平静-peaceful(adj.)和平的；平静的   stress(n.)压力-stressful (adj.)有压力的  The distant country is so peaceful that I dont want to go back to the noisy city.  遥远的乡村如此宁静以至于我不想返回喧闹的城市。· 知识拓展  相关单词  stress  n.  压力；强调；紧张；重要性            v.  强调；使紧张；施加压力于  What's the source of your problem and stress?  你们的问题和压力根源在哪里？  词义辨析  stress/pressure/strain/tension  relaxing  · 基本用法  relaxing  adj. 令人放松的；感到轻松的  I am expecting a relaxing family holiday.   我正在期待着一个轻松的家庭假期。  relaxed  adj. 感到放松的  The film made me relaxed.   这部电影让我感到放松。  注：-ving结尾和-ed结尾的形容词的用法  有一类动词后面加ing和ed转化为形容词。加ing表“令人.的”，加ed表“使人感到.的”如，boring/bored;  exciting/excited; interesting/interested; relaxing/relaxed; terrifying/ terrified; amazing/ amazed等。  The book is interesting.  这本书很有意思。  I am interested in the book.  我对书很感兴趣。  suppose  · 基本用法  suppose  vt. 认为，猜想；假定，假设  I dont suppose hell agree, or Im sure he wont agree.   我认为他不会同意的。  It was generally supposed that it would not happen again.  一般认为这事不会再发生了。  Shell be there today, I suppose.   她今天会在那儿的，我认为。  Suppose you had a million pounds - how would you spend it?  假设你有一百万英镑，你会怎样花它？· 知识拓展  近义表达法：supposing (= if) 如果，假设  Supposing that it rains, can we play the match indoors?   如果明天下雨的话，我们能在室内打比赛吗？  相关短语  be supposed to do sth. (= be expected to do sth.) 被期望做某事 / 应该做某事  Youre supposed to pay the bill by Friday.   你应该在周五前付了帐。  Youre not supposed to play football in the classroom.   你不应该在教室里踢足球。  complain  · 原文再现  My family complains about it.   我的家人总是抱怨。· 基本用法  complain  v. 投诉；抱怨；控诉  He is always complaining.  他整天发牢骚。  They never complained about working overtime.   他们对加班加点从不抱怨。  He complained that the examination was too hard.   他抱怨考试太难了。  He complained that his meal was cold.   他抱怨说他的饭菜冷了。· 知识拓展  相关句型  complain (to sb)about sth.向某人埋怨某事  complain of(doing) sth. 抱怨某事/做某事  complain that  抱怨做  She complained to me about his rudeness.  她向我抱怨他的粗鲁。Do you complain of these symptoms more at night?你是否在晚上时对这些症状抱怨得更多。相关单词complaint  n. 抱怨，诉苦，怨言；不适，疾病（委婉语）He poured out his complaints before me. 他在我面前诉苦。The workers made a list of their complaints. 工人们列出了他们的抱怨。  switch  · 原文再现Then I get up, go downstairs and switch on the TV in the living room.接着我起床，下楼，打开起居室的电视。· 基本用法  switch  n. 开关，电门，转换器；转变，改变；  v. 转换，改变  press the on / off switch  a switch from gas to electricity  make a switch fromto  He switched one argument for another.   他改变了他的论点，转到另一个论点上了。  They switched the train to the other track.  他们将火车转到了另一个轨道上。  He switched the lights from green to red.   他将灯从绿色转变成了红色。· 知识拓展-相关短语  switch on 接通电流，开  = turn on  switch off 关闭，切断（电流等）= turn off   switch over 转换频道，转变   You have to switch on the computer.   你的打开电脑。  He switched TV off and went to bed.   他关上电视睡觉了。  He switched over another channel because he didn't like the program.  他换了另外一个频道，因为他不喜欢那个节目。  remote  · 原文再现  Here's the remote control.   这是遥控器。· 基本用法  1. remote  adj. 遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的  Nowadays tractors are used even in remote mountains.   现在连偏僻的山区也用上了拖拉机。  2. remote  n. 远程  The remote education reaches the achievable result that is not gotten from traditional education.   远程教育可以达到传统教育手段所不能达到的效果。  go off  · 原文再现  I normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off.   我一般在闹钟响前五分钟就醒了。 · 基本用法  go off 意为“（铃等）响；离开；（爆竹等）爆炸，突然发出响声；断电，停止供应”，如：  Why did the painter leave his family and go off to live on a tropical island?   为什么这位画家离开了家住到了一个热带岛屿上？  The pain went off after three treatments.   在三个小时的治疗后，疼痛消失了。  The power went off in several parts of the country during the high wind.   大风期间，这个乡村的好几处地方断了电。  Im sorry Im late; I overslept because my alarm clock didn't go off.   很抱歉我迟到了。我睡过了头，因为我的闹钟没有响。  take up  · 基本用法  take up  意为“拿起；占去（时间、空间等）；开始从事（某项工作等），开始对感兴趣“， 如：  Take care not to take up the hot coals with your bare hands.   小心别徒手拿热的煤。  This old tree will have to be taken up by its roots.   这棵老树将被连根拔起。  Writing in another language demands so much effort that it takes up all my attention.   用另一种语言写作要求付出很多的努力，以致于它花费了我所有的注意力。  When does the Minister take up his office?   这位部长什么时候就职？  When did Jane first take up music?   简是什么时候开始对音乐感兴趣的？· 知识拓展-词义辨析：take词组  be filled with  · 原文再现  Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.  几乎每一分钟都充斥着急待处理的事情。· 基本用法  be filled with 意为”充满着；装满了“  The bottle is filled with water.  瓶子里装满了水。  注：be filled with 与be full of的区别  be filled with侧重于动作和装的东西，如：  The basketball is filled with apples by the old man.  be full of 侧重于状态 ，如:  The bottle is full of water.   区别并不大，主要看你要写句子时的侧重点。· 知识拓展  相关短语  fill.with. 用.装满.  Please fill the bottle with water.   请把这个瓶子里装满水。  近义词组  be full of 充满，不满；充斥  The future seems to be full of hope.   未来似乎充满希望。  urgent  · 原文再现  Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.  几乎每一分钟都充斥着急待处理的事情。· 基本用法  urgent  adj. 急迫的，紧迫的；催促的；强求的；极力主张的  There is an urgent need for food and water.   现在急需食物和水。   He had urgent business in New York.   他在纽约有急事。· 知识拓展-相关单词  urgently  adv. 紧急地；紧迫地；催促地  urgency  n.  紧急情况；紧迫；急事；紧要  urge       v. 催促；推进；力劝，规劝； n. 刺激；冲动；推动力  The money was most urgently required.   钱要得很急。   She was surprised at the urgency in his voice.   他语调中透着急迫，这让她很吃惊。  "Come on, Grace," he was urging her,"don't wait, hurry up."  “快点啦，格雷丝，”他催促道，“别等了。快点。”  He had an urge to open a shop of his own.    他很想自己开一家店。  bored  · 基本用法  bored  adj. 厌烦的，不感兴趣的  I feel bored when I watch TV.   当我看电视的时候，我感觉很没意思。  boring adj. 令人厌烦的；令人不感兴趣的  (参考：-ving结尾和-ed结尾的形容词的用法)  The film was so boring that i nearly fell asleep.  电影太无聊了，我几乎都睡着了。· 知识拓展  相关短语  be bored with =get be tired of 对厌烦  be tired with 对到疲倦  You may be tired with reading, but you should not be tired of it.  你也许对阅读感到疲倦，但是你不应当对它感到厌倦。  stress  · 基本用法  stress n. 压力；强调；紧张；重要性   v.重读，给施加压力；强调；使紧张；  We can meet some stress in this job.   在这个工作中，我们可能遇到一些压力。  What's the source of your problem and stress?  你们的问题和压力根源在哪里？  The first letter of the world stresses.   那个词的第一个字母重读。  suffer  · 基本用法  suffer  vt. 遭受，蒙受。其宾语常为痛苦，疾病，寒冷，饥饿，损失等。  suffer damage/ a heavy loss  遭受损失/严重损失  suffer vi.（因疾病，痛苦，悲伤，缺乏某东西）受苦，受难，常构成 suffer from。  suffer from heart failure/ a bad cold/ floods 患心力衰竭/患重感冒/遭受水灾· 知识拓展  相关短语  suffer from 遭受  She is suffering from the pain of the failure.  她正在遭受失败的痛苦。  pressure  · 基本用法  pressure n. 压力；挤压；紧张  His blood pressure is going up.  他的血压正在上升。· 知识拓展  相关短语  under pressure of . 在.的压力下  come/be under pressure  面临压力，收到压力  I work well under pressure.   在压力下我工作得很好。   相关单词  press  vt.  按压；逼迫  Don't press your opinions upon her.   不要逼她接受你的意见。   词义辨析：pressure/stress  pressure: 在科学上，指单位面积上所受到的压力。用于引申时，指某事物所产生的压力或影响力等。  stress: 侧重指承受外来的压力，也指由于某种原因而引起的心理、生理或情绪上的紧张。  reduce  · 原文再现  Breathing exercises can help reduce stress.  呼吸练习可以帮助减压。· 基本用法  reduce vt.减少；降低  The students are reducing in the area.   在这个区域，学生正在减少。· 知识拓展  相关短语  1. reduce sth to 减少到（多少）  The number of unemployment has been reduced to 284.   失业人数降至284人。  2. reduce sth. by 减少了(多少幅度）  The number of unemployment  has been reduced by 10%.   失业人数降低了10%。   相关单词  reduction n. 缩小；降低  反义词  increase v. 增加，增长   The population continues to increase.   人口持续增长。  organise  · 基本用法  organise (organize) vt. 组织；安排；筹划，筹办  He organised the truckers into a union.  他把卡车司机组成工会。  Who is going to organise the party tonight?  谁来筹办今晚的聚会？· 知识拓展  相关单词  organisation/ organization  n. 组织；机构；机制；团体  diet   · 基本用法  diet  v. 节食；饮食;   n.  饮食；食物；规定饮食  You eat more high-protein diet.  你应该多吃些高蛋白食物。  We must diet and take exercise.  我们必须节食并多锻炼。  The doctor says I've got to go on a diet.   医生说我得节食。· 知识拓展  相关短语  a balanced diet 平衡膳食  on diet  节食，减肥  go on a diet 节食  standard diet 标准饮食  词义辨析 diet/food   diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食等。  food凡是能吃的，能喝的具有营养的东西都称为food。  prefer  · 原文再现  I prefer meeting people in small groups.   我更喜欢与少数几个人见面。· 基本用法  prefer vt 偏爱；更喜欢；宁愿   用作动词，表示“更喜欢”“宁愿”等，后接动词时，可用不定式或动名词，其区别大致为：表示一般情  况用动名词，表示特定动作用不定式。比较：  I prefer walking alone.   我喜欢一个人溜达。  A：Can I give you a lift?   你顺便坐我的车走吗?  B：No, thanks. I prefer to walk.   不用了，谢谢，我喜欢步行。  We preferred the house painted white.  我们倒喜欢那座漆成白色的房子。· 知识拓展  相关短语  prefer A to B  喜欢A胜过B  prefer doing. to doing.  宁愿做. 而不愿做.  prefer to do. rather than do.宁愿做. 而不愿做.  prefer to do sth  宁愿做某事  prefer doing sth  宁愿做某事  prefer sb to do sth 宁愿某人做某事  I prefer my coffee black.   我喜欢喝不加奶的咖啡。  Their father prefers them to be home early.   他们的父亲希望他们早点儿回家。  I prefer the seaside to the mountains.   我喜欢海边，不喜欢山区。  Tom prefers reading to talking.   汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。  She preferred to stay at home rather than go out.   和出门比起来，她比较喜欢待在家里。  stand  · 基本用法  stand vi. 站立；使直立；竖直放置           vt. 忍耐，忍受 （多用于否定句、疑问句）(= bear; put up with)          n. 架，摊，台  Stand still while I take your photograph.   当我给你拍照时，你站着别动。  After the bombing only a few houses were left standing.   爆炸之后，只有几栋房子依然挺立。  Stand the ladder against the wall.   把梯子靠墙放着。  He cant stand hot weather.    他无法忍受炎热的天气。  She couldnt stand to be told what to do.   她无法忍受被告知该做什么。  a coat stand 衣架    a market stand 市场摊位· 知识拓展  相关句型  stand doing 忍受做  I cant stand seeing a lot of rubbish.   我不能忍受看到如此多的垃圾。  同义词  bear也有”忍受“的意思，可以用于bear sth/doing sth的结构中。  volunteer  · 基本用法  volunteer  v. 自愿做；义务做；无偿做   n. 志愿者，义工  Schools need volunteers to help children to read.   学校需要志愿者帮助儿童阅读。  Jim volunteered to help the old man.   吉姆自告奋勇去帮助那个老人。· 知识拓展  其他词性  voluntary  adj. 自愿的，志愿的；自发的；故意的  His labor is not voluntary but forced.  他的劳动不是自愿的，而是被迫的。  相关短语  1. volunteer to do sth 自愿(做)  They volunteered to repair the house for the old lady.  他们主动提出替老太太修缮房子。  2. volunteer sth 自愿提供，自愿给予  She volunteered the information.  她自动提供了这一消息。  graduate  · 基本用法  graduate  vi.毕业; 毕业，大学毕业  n. 毕业生；研究生  He graduated from York with a degree in psychology.   他毕业于约克大学，获心理学学士学位。  a science graduate 理学士  a graduate student/ course 研究生/研究生课程· 知识拓展  相关短语  graduate from 从毕业  She graduated from capital normal university in 2010.  她在2010年毕业于首师大。  相关单词  graduation  n. 毕业  After graduation, she took a job as a teacher.   毕业后，她做教师的工作。  challenge  · 基本用法  challenge  v. 对.怀疑（质疑）；向.挑战   n. 挑战；怀疑  The role will be the biggest challenge of her acting career.   这个角色将是她演义生涯中最大的挑战。  Schools must meet the challenge of new technology.   学校必须迎接新科技的挑战。  He challenged me to play chess.   他向我挑战下象棋。· 知识拓展-相关短语  accept./respond to/ take up the challenge  接受挑战  meet the challenge  迎接挑战；满足要求  send a challenge   下挑战（书）  support  · 基本用法  support  vt.支持，支撑; 证明；维持   n.支持，支撑  My father supports the whole family.   爸爸支撑整个家。  What evidence do you have to support what you say?  你有什么证据证明你的话？  We need support of government.  我们需要政府的支持。· 知识拓展-相关短语  in support of sb/sth  支持（同意）某人（物）  He made a speech in support of a ban on arms supplies.   他发表演说支持武器禁运。  design  · 原文再现  Lesson: How to design a website   课程：如何设计网站· 基本用法  design  vt. 设计  n. 设计  She designed a beautiful picture.  她设计了一个漂亮的图片。  The design of the building is very important for us.  那栋楼的设计对我们来说是很重要的。· 知识拓展-相关短语  1. be designed to do 为做 而设计  The stage was designed to imitate a prison cell.  舞台设计成一个牢房。  2. be designed for sb. 为某人设计  The suit is designed for an actress.   那套衣服为一位女演员设计的。  solve  · 基本用法  solve  v. 处理；解决；解答  solve a problem  处理问题  Attempts are being made to solve the problem of waste disposal.   正在想办法解决废物处理的问题。· 知识拓展-相关单词  solution  n. 解决办法；解答  a solution to a problem  问题的解决办法  accountant  · 原文再现  Debbie is an accountant in a large company in the center of London.  黛比是伦敦市中心一家大公司的会计。· 基本用法  accountant  n. 会计，会计师  The accountant checked this unnecessary spending in time.   会计及时卡住了这笔不必要的开支。· 知识拓展  相关单词  account   n.  账户；解释，理由；账目，账单                 vi. 说明， 总计有， 认为， 得分                vt. 认为  相关短语  account for  导致，引起；做出解释，提出理由  on account   以赊欠方式  on account of=because of =for sake of   由于；因为：  on no account=Under no circumstances.决不，绝对不：在任何条件下都不  on (one's) own account=on one's own; by oneself   单独；独自  take into account=To take into consideration 考虑；顾及  He wants to work on his own account.  他想单独完成工作。  “We got married on account of the baby".  “我们因为孩子的缘故而结婚。”   Bad weather accounted for the long delay.  长期的延缓是因为坏天气。  The suspect couldn't account for his time that night.  嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他的时间安排。  otherwise  · 原文再现  I need to do that because i don't get enough exercise otherwise.  我需要那样做，不然，我就得不到足够的锻炼。· 基本用法  1. otherwise  adv. 否则；不然，除此以外，另外；在其他方面  My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, i couldn't have afforded the trip.  我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。  There was some music playing upstairs. Otherwise, the house was silent.   楼上有些音乐声。除此之外，房子里静悄悄的。  He evidently thinks otherwise.   他显然有不同的想法.  The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory.  房租是贵，可这房子在别的方面倒令人满意。  He is noisy，but otherwise a nice boy.   他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是个好孩子。  2. otherwise 用作连词，意思为“否则；要不然”，相当于 or，or else 或 if not . 例如：  Well go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.   我们得早点去，要不然就没有座位了。  Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.   抓住机会，要不然你会后悔的。  注：otherwise用在虚拟条件句中，前一部分是陈述语气，后一部分是虚拟语气。如：  I ran all the way to school , otherwise