学年论文-浅析中外文学作品中猫的意象及其所体现价值观之异同(23页).doc

-学年论文-浅析中外文学作品中猫的意象及其所体现价值观之异同-第 16 页内蒙古财经大学本科学年论文浅析中外文学作品中猫的意象及其所体现价值观之异同作 者 系 别 外国语学院 专 业 商务英语 年 级 12 级 学 号 指导教师 导师职称 副教授 Foreign Languages SchoolInner Mongolia Finance and Economics UniversityTerm PaperThe Analysis of Image and Values of Cat in Chinese and English Literary WorksName NieXing Student ID Number 122031125 Class 12 Business English Specialty Business English 摘要本文旨在通过引入猫在中外神话中的不同意象，例如中国关于九尾猫的神话传说；西方气圣经中关于猫诞生的描写；伊斯兰教中关于猫的神话以及日本招财猫的由来等。分析中国散文中的猫，例如老舍的散文猫和夏丏尊的猫与美国短篇恐怖小说中爱伦坡的黑猫中所运用的不同写作手法，例如中国作品的矛盾修辞法，拟人以及爱伦坡的黑猫哥特式手法和象征手法的运用等和猫所体现的不同意象。通过分析作品中作者对猫的不同态度，总结出猫在中外文学作品中体现出的不同价值观。关键词：猫;神话传说;修辞;价值观AbstractThis paper is aimed to analysis the different images and values of cat in Chinese essay and Black Cat, by introducing cats in different fairy tales. Such as the cat with nine tails in China; the birth of cat in Bible; the fairy tales of cat in Muslim and the origin of the lucky cat in Japan. By analyzing cats in Chinese essays. Lao She and Xia mainzhun showed a device of paradox and personification to readers, which differ from American short story Black Cat. In Black Cat Poe used gothic style and the device of symbolization. In addition, by analyzing authors different attitudes to cats, we get the different values from Chinese essay and The Black Cat.Key words: Cats, Fairy, Tales, Devices, Values Acknowledgments First of all, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my tutor Wang Ying, for all the help she has offered me during the preparation and writing of this paper and for all the pains she took in reading and correcting my drafts. It is obvious that without her patient instruction, helpful suggestions and constant encouragement, I could not have fulfilled this task as successfully as I wished.  Secondly, I wish to express my thanks to all those who have helped me in the preparation of this thesis. In the past two months, I have received considerable help from the teachers, and my close friends and my family, without which, the completion of this paper would have been impossible. Finally, I am also grateful to all my teachers who have taught me how to study and what to learn, which helped me a lot in the writing of the paper. And I would also like to thank all my fellow classmates, who have given me great support in the term of the paper writing and during all college years. Table of Contents摘要iAbstractiiAcknowledgmentsiiiTable of Contents1Part I.Introduction2Part II. Different Images of Cat in Different Cultures32.1 Image of Cat in China32.2 Image of Cat in Christian42.3 Image of Cat in Ancient Muslim52.4 Image of Cat in Ancient Egypt62.5 Image of Cat in Greek and in Rome62.6 Image of Cat in Nordic72.7 Image of Cat in Buddhism72.8 Japanese Lucky Cat72.9 Image of Cat in Hebrew8Part III. Different Values between China and Western Countries from Image of Cat in Chinese and English Works83.1 Values from Image of Cat in Lao She Cat83.1.1 The Device of Paradox93.1.2 The Device of Personification93.1.3 Values of The Golden Mean And Unit of People and Nature in Lao Shes Cat93.2 Values from Image of Cat in Xia Mianzhuns Cat103.2.1 The Image of The Cat in Xia mianzhuns Essay113.2.2 The Device of Paradox113.2.3 The Device of Symbolization113.2.4 Values of Xia Mianzhuns Cat (Remembrance of the Dead Younger Sister)113.3 Values from Image of Cat in Allen Poes The Black Cat123.3.1 Image of Pluto123.3.2 The Introduction of The Black Cat133.3.3 The Device of Symbolization143.3.4 Gothic Styles in The Black Cat153.3.5 Allen Poes Value for Human Beings153.3.6 Poes Values of American Society16Part IV. Conclusion16Bibliography18The Analysis of Image and Values of Cat in Chinese and English Literary WorksPart I. IntroductionBy introduction of myth of china and English cultures, different images of cats are presented. In China, cats are usually regarded as a good pet and a playmate. Therefore, in Chinese essay of cat, the author always shows us a harmonious relationship between animals and human-beings. However in some western countries, cats are regarded as the devil. By analyzing the image of cats in The Black Cat, we can get different western values of cats. The story reveals that Allen Poes values for American society. By making a comparison of image of cats among those works, readers can get different values. In the first part, there is a brief introduction about this paper. As for the second pat, different images of cat in different cultures are involved. In some eastern countries, such as Japan, cats symbolize a good luck and a fortune. But in western countries, cats are a symbolization of witches. In the third part, by analyzing different images between Chinese essays and English work. Readers know different values. Cats in Chinese essay are often gave a special emotion of miss pain. In Xia mianzhuns essay, by the cat, he shows a miss pain about his dead younger sister. Lao SheCat reveals the golden mean. At the same time, the author use different devices in the essay. Those essays reveal Chinese values of harmony and emotion for cats. As for Poes The Black Cat, by using a horror way, Poe wrote a horror story with a black cat “Pluto”. At first, the narrator was especially fond of animals and always together with his cat and treated his wife well. However, since he was addicted to excessive drinking, his general character and temperance had undergone the dramatic alteration for the worse. He killed his cat and his wife. The gothic style and the device of symbolization are main features in this novel. Poe named the black cat “Pluto”-the ruler of the underground world: it is obvious that the black is the symbol of death and hell. Allen Poe has a profound understanding of humans inner world.in his eyes, the whole society is filled with evil, unhappiness and the modern society is fallacious. The part four is a conclusion for the whole paper.Part II. Different Images of Cat in Different CulturesMany cultures have negative superstitions about cats. An example would be the belief that a black cat "crossing one's path" leads to bad luck, or that cats are witches' familiars used to augment a witch's powers and skills. The killing of cats in Medieval Ypres, Belgium, is commemorated in the innocuous present-day Kattenstoet (cat parade). Citation neededAccording to a myth in many cultures, cats have multiple lives. In many countries, they are believed to have nine lives, but in Italy, Germany, Greece, and some Spanish-speaking regions, they are said to have seven lives, while in Turkish and Arabic traditions, the number of lives is six. The myth is attributed to the natural suppleness and swiftness cats exhibit to escape life-threatening situations. Also lending credence to this myth is the fact that falling cats often land on their feet, using an instinctive righting reflex to twist their bodies around. Nonetheless, cats can still be injured or killed by a high fall.2.1 Image of Cat in ChinaCat is commonly known as the cat demon in China. It is said that cats have nine lives and it will grow a tail when the cat is raised to 9 years. Every nine-year the cat will grow a tail until it has nine tails, but it needs to take another nine years to become a human being. Then the cat will have nine lives.Many cultures have negative superstitions about cats. An example would be the belief that a black cat "crossing one's path" leads to bad luck, or that cats are witches' familiars used to augment a witch's powers and skills. The killing of cats in Medieval Ypres, Belgium, is commemorated in the innocuous present-day Kattenstoet (cat parade). Citation neededAccording to a myth in many cultures, cats have multiple lives. In many countries, they are believed to have nine lives, but in Italy, Germany, Greece, and some Spanish-speaking regions, they are said to have seven lives, while in Turkish and Arabic traditions, the number of lives is six. The myth is attributed to the natural suppleness and swiftness cats exhibit to escape life-threatening situations. Also lending credence to this myth is the fact that falling cats often land on their feet, using an instinctive righting reflex to twist their bodies around. Nonetheless, cats can still be injured or killed by a high fall.2.2 Image of Cat in Christian A long time ago, because of degradation of human beings, God decided to flood to destroy mankind, but a man named Noah and his family came from a law-abiding family. God cared for Noah and other good deeds; he will notice the flood is coming, so he had made a refuge ark. Noah built according to command a large ark, in addition to the family, Noahs ark carrying a variety of animals, a male and female of each animal, goods until the flood subsided in the future, re-breeding. Noah's Ark was then quoted on animals including lions. But the lion is the beast, and its presence greatly threat to other animals in the same boat, Noah prayed to God to help, God let the Lions temporarily into a deep sleep. Lion's problem was solved, other problems have come one after another, the rampant spread of mouse in Noah's ark worried Noah, so he prayed for God to help him again, this time, God wanted Noah knocking lion's nose. When Noah knocked the lion, the lion sneezed; the world's first pair of cat ran out from the lion's nose. Finally Noah solved the rodent.The origin of the cat - Christian legendThe devil tried to make a man, but he failed and failure of his works is the cat. The cat in the world turned out to be only a hairless cat. One day St. Peter met the hairless cat by coincidence and he saw this poor cat is chilling, he gave a further to it.2.3 Image of Cat in Ancient MuslimAlthough no species are sacred in Islam, cats are revered by Muslims. Some Western writers have stated Muhammad had a favorite cat, Muezza. He is reported to have loved cats so much, "he would do without his cloak rather than disturb one that was sleeping on it”. The story has no origin in early Muslim writers, and seems to confuse a story of a later Sufi saint, Ahmed ar-Rifa'i centuries after Muhammad.The domestic cat is a revered animal in Islam. Admired for its cleanliness as well as for being loved by the prophet Muhammad, the cat is considered "the quintessential pet" by Muslims.Cats have been venerated in the Near East since antiquity, a tradition adopted by Islam, albeit in a much modified form. Muhammad is reported to have said that "a love of cats is an aspect of faith" according to other hadiths, he prohibited the persecution and killing of cats. The prophet purportedly allowed a cat to give birth on his cloak, and cut off the sleeve of his prayer robe rather than wake his favorite cat, a female named Muezza, who was sleeping on it.One of Muhammad's companions was known as Abu Hurairah (literally: "Father of the Kitten") for his attachment to cats. Abu Hurairah claimed that he had heard the Prophet declare that a woman went to Hell for starving a female kitten and not providing her with any water, but this was disputed by the Prophet's widow Aisha. According to legend, Abu Hurairah's cat saved Muhammad from a snake. The grateful prophet stroked the cat's back and forehead, thus blessing all cats with the righting reflex. The stripes some cats have on their foreheads are believed to mark the touch of Muhammad's fingers.Cat outside a mosque in irince, Turkey, with people praying in the backgroundIn Islamic tradition, cats are admired for their cleanliness. They are thought to be ritually clean, unlike dogs, and are thus allowed to enter homes and even mosques, including Masjid al-Haram. Food sampled by cats is considered halal and water from which cats have drunk is permitted for wudu. Furthermore, there is a widespread belief among Muslims that cats seek out people who are prayingMuslim scholars are divided on the issue of neutering animals. Most, however, maintain that neutering cats is allowed "if there is some benefit in neutering the cat and if that will not cause its death". Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen, a 20th-century Saudi Arabian Sunni imam, preached:If there are too many cats and they are a nuisance, and if the operation will not harm them, then there is nothing wrong with it, because this is better than killing them after they have been created. But if the cats are ordinary cats and are not causing a nuisance, perhaps it is better to leave them alone to reproduce.2.4 Image of Cat in Ancient EgyptIn ancient Egypt, cats were sacred animals, with the goddess Bastet often depicted in cat form, sometimes taking on the war-like aspect of a lioness. At night, the light emitted by the sun of life was hidden in the custody of the cat's eyes. Every night the sun god Ra was accompanied by the ghost of the dead, passing the underworld, the serpent Apep prevented Ra drinking water under the boat, but the cat will show up and cut off Apep serpent head, the deceased will be issued ghost "meow" sound for the big cat. So the Egyptians saw the sun again, in this legend, the big cat symbol therapy that represents the power of the medical treatment. The snakes symbol the death and disease.The cat-head goddess With a lion head, the Egyptian goddess Baste is cat-head, too. A group of cats accompanied her, so the cats were holy in Egypt. Killing a cat was a crime. When a cat died, the ancient Egyptians held a ceremony to mourn. Cats were fed according to ritual in many temples. In ancient Egypt, stray cats were treated well and domestic cats were able to share the food for human.2.5 Image of Cat in Greek and in RomeGreece Luna and Rome Luna Diana are called the mother of cat. Diana has been presented to be catlike; Cats were regarded as a holy beast. The Romans believed that the cat's eyes and even body will vary with the phases of the moon.The Romans are often credited with introducing the domestic cat from Egypt to Europe; in Roman Aquitaine, a first- or second-century epitaph of a young girl holding a cat is one of two earliest depictions of the Roman domesticated cat. However, cats possibly were already kept in Europe prior to the Roman Empire, as they may have been present in Britain in the late Iron Age. Domestic cats were spread throughout much of the rest of the world during the Age of Discovery, as they were carried on sailing ships to control shipboard rodents and as good-luck charms.Cats were a symbol of freedom, in the Statue of Liberty portrait, usually there is a cat under the foot of the Statue of Liberty.2.6 Image of Cat in NordicCats are holy beast of Freyja. (In Nordic mythology,