初中英语语法大全-句子种类(8页).doc

-初中英语语法大全-句子种类-第 7 页初中英语语法大全-句子的种类按照英语句子的使用目的和用途，句子可分为四类：陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。图解语法1. 陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法，陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句特别提示：肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时， 如句中有already，some，something，somebody等词，须分别改成yet，any，anything，anybody等。另外，也要注意，too改成either，both改成neither，all改成none等。2. 疑问句3. 常用的特殊疑问句4. 特殊的反意疑问句 主句是祈使句时，“will you?”意为“请求”，“wont you?”表示提醒对方注意。例句：Look at the blackboard, will you / wont you?Dont be late again, will you? 感叹句后的反意疑问，用一般现在时态的否定形式例句：What fine weather, isnt it?How beautifully she sings, doesnt she? 陈述部分是“I am ”时，用“arent I?”而不用“am not I?”例句：I'm working now, arent I? 陈述部分主语是everything，nothing，anything或something 时，疑问句主语用it例句：Something is wrong with my radio, isnt it?Nothing is difficult, is it? 陈述部分的主语是somebody， nobody， everybody， anybody， no one， none， neither 时， 疑问句的主语用they例句：Everyone is here， arent they?No one knows about it， do they? 陈述部分的主语是：1) this或that时，问句的主语用it2) these或those时，问句主语用they3) there be句时，反意疑问句中用there例句：This is a plane, isnt it?These are grapes, arent they?There was a hospital here, wasnt there? 陈述部分的主语是one时，问句的主语可用one，也可用you (美语用he)例句：One should be ready to help others, shouldnt one? 陈述句中有few， seldom， never hardly，not，rarely，no，nobody，tooto等时，疑问句部分用肯定结构；如由前后缀构成否定词，疑问句部分仍用否定结构例句：He is never late for school, is he?You got nothing from him, did you?It is useless, isnt it? 陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时，疑问句的主语用it例句：What you need is more important， isnt it? 陈述部分由think， believe， suppose， imagine等引导的宾语从句：1) 主语是第一人称时，问句与从句的主谓语一致2) 主语是其他人称，问句与主句的主谓语一致例句：I think he will come, wont he?I dont think he can pass the exam, can he?He believed you had seen her before, didnt he? have是实义动词时，疑问句用助动词do，does，did；have 是助动词，则不然例如：They had a meeting just now, didnt they?Shes been to many places of interest, hasnt she? 陈述部分有have /has /had to 时，疑问句要用助动词的否定形式例句：You have to water the vegetables now, dont you? 陈述部分有had better时，疑问句中用hadnt刘局：We had better go to school at once, hadnt we? 陈述部分有must：1) 作“一定;必须”解释时，疑问句用mustnt或neednt;2) 表示推测，作“一定是;必定”解释时，疑问句需根据其后的动词原形选用相应的形式;3) 对过去动作推测时，问句的助动词用did或have;4) 对过去的状态推测时，问句的be用was例句：He must work hard at physics, mustnt he?You must go to Guangzhou, neednt you?You mustnt smoke here, must you?Tom must be at home, isnt he?She must have finished her work, hasnt/didnt she?He must have been a policeman, wasnt he? 陈述部分有ought to，used to，疑问句要用 shouldnt，usednt / didnt例句：Jill used to be a teacher, usednt / didnt she? 陈述句部分是复合句时，疑问句的主语和助动词要与主句一致例句：He was reading when the teacher came in, wasnt he?特别提示：反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定问句”时，如回答内容是肯定的，用“Yes+肯定结构”，反之，用“No+否定结构”。译成汉语时，要将“Yes”译成“不是”，“No”译成“是的”。例如： You wont be away for long, will you? 你不会离开太久，是吗? Yes, I will. 不，我会离开很久。 (事实是会离开很久) No, I wont. 是的，我不会离开很久。 (事实是不会离开很久)Lets go home, shall we? 回家吧，好吗?(包括说话人)Let me have a try, will you? 让我试一试，行吗?(不包括说话人)注意判别：'s是has和is与主语的缩略形式，'d是would和had与主语的缩略形式。例如：Hes going to play basketball, isnt he?Shes been to Beijing many times, hasnt she?Youd better tell him about it at once, hadnt you?Theyd like something delicious to eat, wouldnt they?5. 祈使句表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、号召等的句子，常省略主语you，句首用动词原形。 肯定祈使句：动词原形+其他成分，如：Listen to me carefully. 否定祈使句：Dont (never)+动词原形+其他成分，如：Dont be late for class next time.Dont do that again.Never leave todays work for tomorrow. Let引导的祈使句 Let +第一、三人称+(not)动词原形，表示建议做某事，如：Let me try again.Let Jack wait a minute. 祈使句的强调语气 Do+动词原形+其他成分，如：Do come back at once!Do be careful. 祈使句的特殊形式：1) No+名词/动名词+其他2) None+of介词短语3) 祈使句+and+简单句，表示“如果就”4) 祈使句+or+简单句，表示“否则”5) 在祈使句后面，加一个问句，使语气更加委婉例句：No smoking! 请勿吸烟!None of your nonsense!Go down the street, and youll see a cinema. 沿着这条街走，你就会看到一家电影院。Be quick, or well be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。Dont tell anyone, will you? 不要告诉任何人，好吗?6. 感叹句表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫作感叹句。感叹句的主谓语可以省略，句末用感叹号“!”，常用what或how来引导。what 修饰名词，how 修饰形容词、副词。