2022年中考英语知识点总结 .docx

精品_精品资料_新课标中考英语学问点归类短语、词组归纳由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多.复习时应分类处理： 一、动词 +介词1 look at看, look like 看上去像,look after照管2 listen to听3 welcome to 欢迎到4 say hello to向问好5 speak to对说话此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必需带宾语,但宾语无论是名词仍是代词,都要放在介词之后.如：This is my new bike. Please look it after.×This is my new bike. Please look after it. 二、动词 +副词“动词 +副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：A 动词（vt. ） +副词1 put on穿上 2 take off脱下3 write down登记此类短语可以带宾语,宾语如是名词,放在副词前后皆可.宾语如是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面.试比较：First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. First listen to the answer, then write down it.×First listen to the answer, then write it down. B 动词（ vi ） +副词.1. come on 赶快2 get up起床3 go home 回家4 come in 进来5 sit down坐下 6 stand up起立此类短语属于不及物动词,不行以带宾语.三、其它类动词词组1. close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games介词短语聚焦“介词 +名词 / 代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语.现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类.1 in+ 语言 / 颜色/ 衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着.如：in English, in the hat 2 in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在排 / 队/ 班级 / 年级”等.3 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/表示“在上午 / 下午 / 傍晚”等一段时间.4. in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom等表示“在书桌 / 铅笔盒 / 卧房里”.5. in the tree表示“在树上 非树本身全部 ”. on the tree表示“在树上 为树本身全部 ”.如： There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees.6. in the wall表示“在墙上 （凹陷进去） ”.on the wall表示“在墙上 （指墙的表面） ”.如：Thererefourwindows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall.7. at work（在工作） /at school（上学） /at home （在家）应留意此类短语中无the .8. at +时刻表示钟点.如： at six, at half , past ten.9. like this/that表示方式,意为“像这/ 那样”.10. of 短语表示所属关系.如：a picture of a classroom, a map of China.11. behind/beside/near/under+名词等,表示方位、处所.如：beside/near the door,under/behindthe tree.12. from 与 to 多表示方向,前者意为“从”,后者意为“到”.如：from one to ten,go to school/bed/ work.另外,以下这些短语也必需把握.如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on ones bike等.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_重点句型大回放1I think 意为“我认为”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型.其否定式常用I don t think,如： I think he s Mr Zhinag. L17I don t think you are right.2. give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth.意为“把给”,动词give 之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型.如指物的宾语是人称代词时,就只能用give it/ them to sb.如：His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.L573. take sb./ sth. to意为“把 送带到”,后常接的点,也可接人.如： Please take the new books to the classroom.4. One , the other /One is and one is意为“一个是.另一个是”,必需是两者中.如：One is red and one is grey.L50 或 One is red, the other is grey.5. Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to 的动词不定式,其否定式为Don t let s,b do sth.,或 Let sb.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_not do sth. 另外,Let 与s us try once more, please.Let us 的含义不完全相同, 前者包括听者在内, 后者不包括听者在内, 如：Let s go for a walk./Let可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6. help sb. to do sth./help sb. with sth. 意为“帮忙某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换.如： Let me help you find it.L42/Let me help you with it.7. What about？ /How about ？意为“怎么样？”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、看法、看法等.about 为介词, 其后须接名词、代词或V-ing 等形式.如： What/How playing chess.8. It s time to do/ It s time for st意h.为“该做的时间了”,其中to 后须接原形动词,for 后可接名词或 V-ing 形式.如： It s time to have supper. =Its time for supper.9. like to do sth./like doing sth. 意为“喜爱做某事”,如：Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. L 43前一种句型侧重详细的一次性的动作.后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,试比较：Tom likes swimming , but doesn toliksewim this afternoon.10. ask sb.not to do sth. 意为“让某人 不要做某事”,其中 ask sb.后应接动词不定式,如： Ask your friends to guess what is in it. L4411. show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2 点.如：Show your friend your family photo.（ L36） /Show your family photo to your friend.12. introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”.introduce to sb. 就是“向某人作介绍”.如： Introduce your family to her.重点短语快速复习1. kinds of各种各样的2. either or 或者或者,不是就是3. neither nor 既不也不4. Chinese tea without, anything in it中国清茶5. take a seat就坐6. home cooking家常做法7. be famous for因而闻名8. on ones way to在途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在的终点,在的末尾11. wait for等待12. in time准时13. make one s way to 往（艰难的）走去14. just then正在那时15. first of all第一,第一16. go wrong走错路17. be/get lost迷路18. make a noise吵闹,喧哗19. get on上车可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_20. get off下车21. stand in line站队22. waiting room候诊室,候车室23. at the head of在的前头24. laugh at嘲笑25. throw about乱丢,抛散26. in fact实际上27. at midnight在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得开心29. quarrel with sb.和某人吵架30. take ones temperature给某人体温31. have/get a pain in某处疼痛32. have a headache头痛33. as soon as 一就34. feel like doing sth.想要干某事35. stop from doing sth.阻挡干某事36. fall asleep入睡37. again and again一再的,反复的38. wake up醒来,叫醒39. instead of代替40. look over检查41. take exercise运动42. had betternot do sth.最好（不要）干某事43. at the weekend在周末44. on time按时45. out of从向外46. all by oneself独立,单独47. lots of=a lot of很多48. no longer/more=not any longer/more不再49. get back回来,取回50. sooner or later迟早51. run away逃跑52. eat up吃光,吃完53. run after追逐54. take sth. with sb.某人随身带着某物55. takegood care of =look after well（好好）照管,照管56. think of考虑到,想起57. keep a diary坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself把某人单独留下59. harder and harder越来越厉害60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）61. turn off关重温重点句型1. So + be 助动词情牵动词主语前面陈述的确定情形也适于另一人（物）时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人（物）也如此.”前面陈述的否定情形也适于另一人（物）时,常用“Neither/ Nor + be助动词情态动词 +主语”这种倒装结构.例如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He likes playing basketball, and so do I.他喜爱打篮球,我也喜爱.Kate can t speak Chinese, and I neither/ nor can Jim 凯特不会说汉语.吉姆也不会.留意：“ So+主语 +be助动词情态动词”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步确定对方的看法,表示“的确如此.”“是吖.”例如：一 Basketball is very popular game in America 篮球在美国是一项很受欢迎的运动.一 So it is的确如此.2. Turn right left at the first second crossing.这一指路的句型意为“在第一二个十字路口向右左拐.”相当于Take thefirst second turningon theright left.例如：一 Can you tell me the way to the nearest post office？ 你能告知我去最近的邮局的路吗？一 Walk along this road, and turn left at the third crossing.沿着这条路走,在第三个路口向左拐.3. It takes sb some time to do sth此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间.”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的主语.例如：It took me half an hour to finish the hard work完成这项艰难的工作花了我半个小时.4. think find + it + adj. + to do sth.此句型中的 it是形式宾语,不行用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的宾语.例如：I found it important to learn English well.我发觉学好英语很重要.5. Whats wrong with？此句型相当于 Whats the matter/ trouble with？后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了？”后跟某人作宾语时,意为“某人怎么了？”例如：Whats wrong with your bike？你的自行车出什么毛病了？ 一 It s broken 它坏了.Whats wrong with you？你怎么了？ 一 I have a pain in my head我头痛.6. too to 在 sothat 复合句中, that后的句子是否定句时,常与简洁句too to （太而不能）进行句型转换.例如：He is so young to go to school（改为简洁句） He is too young to go to school在 so that 复合句中, that后的句子是确定句时,常与简洁句enough to 进行句型转换.例如：This maths problem was so easy that we could work it out.（改为简洁句） This maths problem was easy enough for us to work out.7. Sorry to hear that.全句应为 I m sorryto hear that.意为“听到此事我很伤心（遗憾）.”常用于对别人的不幸表示怜悯、遗憾之意.例如： My mother is ill, so I have to look after her at home.我母亲病了,因此我必需在家照看她. Sorry to hear that.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_听到此事我很伤心. 重点句型、词组大盘点1. She used to be a Chinese teacher.她过去是一位汉语老师. 用法used to +动词原形,表示过去常常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意. 搭配used to do的否定式可以是 usednt to do或 didn t use to do. 比较 used to do sth.过去常做某事. be/ get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事. be used to do sth.被用来做某事. 举例1) I used to read in bed.我过去总是躺在床上看书.2) Did he use to work into the night.或 Used he to work into the night.他以前总是工作到深夜吗？ 3I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起.4Knives are used to cut things.刀是用来削东西的.2. return it sooner or later.迟早要将它归仍. 用法lsooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”.2return此处用作及物动词,意为“归仍”,相当于give back. 拓展 return仍可用作不及物动词,意为“返回”,相当于go back或 come back . 举例lHe will find his shortcoming sooner or later.他迟早会发觉他的缺点的.2When will you return to your hometown.什么时候回老家？nbsp;3I have returned the book to the library.我已经把书仍给图书馆了.3. No matter what the weather is like无论天气 用法 no matter what相当于 whatever ,其意为“无论什么”,引导状语从句. 拓展 类似 no matter what的表达方式仍有：no matter when无论什么时候nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么的方no matter who无论谁no matter how无论怎么样 举例lNo matter what he does,nbsp; he always tries to do it well.无论做什么事,他总是力求做好.2) No matter what happens, I will take your side.无论发生什么事,我都将支持你.3) No matter who gives a talk, we shall listen carefully.无论谁做报告,我们都应当仔细听.4) No matter how he goes to work, he is never late.无论怎么样去上班,他从不迟到.4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语. 用法 practise doing sth.表示“实践、练习（做）某事”. 拓展 practice名词,“实践”、“实施”、“练习”.put a plan into practice实行某方案. 举例lThe boy practised making a new sound.那男孩练习发出新的声音.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2) She practised the piano two hours every day.她每天练习两个小时的钢琴.3) We have laid the plan and now we must put it into practice.我们已经制订出方案,现在必需实施.5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.他勉励大家参与爱护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动. 用法1encourage用作动词,意思是“勉励”、“支持”.2take part in“参与”,常表示参与活动. 3protect是动词,表示“防备”、“爱护”. 搭配1) encourage sb. in sth.在某事上勉励或支持某人nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth. 勉励某人干某事2) protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或损害 比较1) My parents encourage me in my studies.我父母亲常常勉励我学习.2) The school encouraged the students to practise using the computers.校方勉励同学练习使用运算机.3) Will you take part in the English contest.你预备参与英语竞赛活动吗？4) The vegetables were well protected from the cold.这些蔬莱被爱护得好而没受冻.6. to warn people about sharks in the water.警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼. 用法 warn 用作动词,意思是“警告”、“戒备”. 搭配1warn sb.+ that从句nbsp;nbsp;2warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事3) warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事4) warn sb. againstdoing sth.警告某人当心某事/ 不要做某事 举例1) I warned him that snakes were dangerous.我警告他,蛇很危急.2) We are trying to warn children the dangers of smoking.我们正试图警告孩子们吸烟的危害.3) Dr Synes warned me to give up my drinking. Synes 大夫劝我戒酒.4) The notice warned people against swimming in the pool.公告警告人们不要在池塘里游泳新目标中学英语十大词类复习全功略I. 词法英语中的词可以依据词义、语法功能和形式特点分为十大类,即名词noun 、代词 pronoun 、形容词 adjective 、副词 adverb、动词 verb 、数词 numeral 、冠词 article 、介词 preposition 、连词conjunctions 和感叹词 interjection .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一、名词 n 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词一名词的分类名词分为一般名词和专出名词,其中一般名词包括可数名词和不行数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数.可数名词包括个体名词 表示一类人或物的个体.如：boy, desk,cat, window 和集体名词 由如干个体组成的集合体.如：family , class, police .不行数名词包括物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物.如： water,paper,silk,money 和抽象名词 表示性质、 行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念.如：work , happiness,music , difficulty , housework专出名词表示个人、的方、机构、组织等.如：Tom ,the Great Wall ,the Spring Festival ,France,the United States 二名词的数1. 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种： 1一般情形下,在词尾加s.eg book books, dog dogs,pen pens, boy boys以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s 的读音为 s,以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s 读音为.2以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.eg beach beaches, brush brushes, bus buses, box boxeses 读音为3以“辅音字母 y”结尾的名词,先变y 为 i,再加 es.egcity cities, family families ,documentary documentaries, country countries,strawberry strawberriesies 读音为 iz注：以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s.eg boys, holidays , days 4以元音字母.结尾的名词,变复数时情形如下：加 eg tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes结尾是两个元音字母的加s, eg Zoo zoos, radio radios某些外来词变复数时词尾加s, eg. piano pianos一些名词的缩写形式变复数时,词尾加s, eg photophotograph photos, kilokilogramkiloszero 变复数时,既可加s,也可加 eg zeros zeroes(5) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时,先把f 或 fe 变为 v,再加 es.eg wife wives , leaf leaves, half halves, knife knives, thief-thievesres 读音为 vz 留意： roof 的复数为 roofs.scarf 的复数为 scarfs scarves(6) 有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s 或 es,而是变换其中的字母,eg man men, woman women , policeman policemen, Englishman Englishmen , Frenchman Frenchmen, foot feet,tooth teeth,child children , mouse mice, ox oxen公牛 (7) 仍有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同. eg Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish(8) 另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不行用作单数. eg, people, police , trousers, pants, clothes,scissors另外,当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数.eg an apple tree, five apple trees, a girl friend , two girl friends ,a twin sister但是,当 man 和 woman 作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式.eg two men teachers, three women doctors可用“量词 +of+ 名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量.eg.a room Of students,two boxes Of pencils 2不行数名词一般没有复数形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下.1表不定数量时,一般用much, alittle , a lot of lots of, some, any 等词修饰.eg, much money , a little bread2表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+ 不行数名词.如：two three +量词复数十 of+ 不行数名词.eg a bag Of rice , two glasses Of milk , four bottles Of water 3有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不行数名词,但词义有所不同.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_eg: fruit 水果 fruits 表示不同种类的水果.food 食物 foods 各种食品. fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类. drink 饮料、酒 a drink 一杯一份饮料、一杯酒.cloth 布 ,a cloth 桌布、抹布.sand 沙 sands 沙滩.tea 茶 a tea一杯茶. chicken 鸡肉 a chicken 小鸡.orange 橘汁 an orange 橘子. glass 玻璃 a glass 玻璃杯, glasses眼镜.paper 纸 a paper 试卷、论文. wood 木头 a wood 小森林. room 空间、余的 a room 房间三名词的全部格 表示人或物的所属关系 (1) 有生命的名词全部格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词全部格.不是以 s 结尾的名词变成全部格时,在词尾加.seg Mike s watc.h Women s Day以 s 结尾的名词变成全部格时,只加.eg teachers of,ficestudents rooms两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同全部,只需在最终一个名词后加.seg Tom and Mike s roo汤m姆和迈克的房间表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别全部,需在几个名词后都加.seg. Mary s and Jenny玛s 丽bik和e詹s 妮的自行车 表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车(2) 无生命的事物的名词全部格常用of 结构eg a map Of China , the beginning Of this game , the door Of the room 3特别形式可用 s和 of 短语表示的名词全部格eg the boy s name=the name Of the b男oy孩 的名字 the dog s legs=the legs of the d狗og的 腿 China s population=the population Of China中 国的人口 China csapital=the capital of China 中国的首都 双重全部格eg a fiend of my mother我妈妈s的一个伴侣a picture of Tom汤姆的s一张图片二、代词 pron 代替名词,兼出名词和形容词的作用相互代词each other, one another指示代词this, that, these, those不定代词 不指明特定的人或事物的代词each,every,both,all,either ,neither,none,no,one,afew ,alittle ,some, any,many, much, other, another复合不定代词everybody ,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,every-thing ,something, anything, nothing疑问代词what, who , whom , which , whose直接代词疑问代词都可作连接代词,引导宾语从句表语从句等.关系代词who ,whom , whose, that, which 用引导定语从句.（二代词的用法1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词和指示代词的用法（ 1）人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格用来作主语,宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语等.eg. She gave a red apple她给了我一个红苹果：She 作主语, me 作动词宾语 Kathyis near him 凯西靠近他. 介词 near 的宾语 2,物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分.形容词性物主代词位于名词前：theirschool,his b