2022年人教版英语必修五知识点.docx

精品_精品资料_必修五 unit5学问点详解1 Aid v 帮忙 ; 救济 =help sb 帮忙某人去做 . aid sb to do 在 事帮忙某人 aid sb inHe aided me in business.I aided her to continue her study.At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor. n/U/ 帮忙 ; 救济在某人的帮忙下with the aid of为了帮忙in aid ofTeachers give their lessons with the aid of computers. He raised money in aid of the sick.学问拓展：give/offer aid救济come to sb.'s aid 帮忙某人cut off aid（突然）终止救济 a hearing aid 助听器teaching aids 教具medical aid医疗抢救2. temporary临时的,临时的temporary relief from pain短暂的解痛temporary work/ solution临时工作 /解决方法3. fall ill fall+ adj. ill asleep awake sick silent4 get+过去分词表被动或状态The computer got damaged when we were moving. My bike is getting repaired now.My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball. Peter and Mary got married last year.get doneget injured 受伤get dressed 穿衣服get damaged 遭到破坏get changed 改 变get married 结婚get infected 被感染可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_get broken 被弄破get lost 迷失,走丢5 injure v.injury to sth.（部位）的伤injuries to the legs got injuredinjuryinjuredhurt 肉体,精神上的损害（一般用语）,疼痛injure 意外或事故而受伤wound 指外伤（刀、枪、剑伤）6. bleed-blood-bloody v.n.adj.His nose was bleeding. = He was bleeding at the nose .= He has a bloodynose. 他在流鼻血.bleed for 为而流血 , 哀思 bleed to death 出血过多而死lose blood 流血、失血flesh and blood 血肉之躯7. chokevi. & vt.窒息 ; 堵塞She choked with emotion.她兴奋得说不出话来.The smoke almost choked me.烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来.At the bad news, he couldn't choke back his tear 听到这就噩耗,他抑制不住自己的眼泪.The man gave a few chokes and then got his breath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来.8.essential adj.最重要的,不行缺少的,本质的1Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops. 阳光和水是农作物生长不行缺的.2It is essential for us to set our study goal. 我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标.3) It is essential that you should win the voter's hearts.赢得选民的信任是至关重要的.- 当用 it 充当主语而用它充当表语时,that从句的谓语动词用should + 动词原形.9. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, act as作为.barrier 屏障 ,障碍物 ,隔阂You should show the ticket at the barrier. The language barrier10 poison n./vt.毒药,毒害.毒害,使中毒eg:1Poisons must be put out of children s reach.毒药肯定要放在孩子们够不到的的方.2This matter will make some poison to the crops. 这种物质会对庄稼造成毒害.3Books of this kind can make poison to children.这类书会对儿童造成毒害.4) Heroin has poisoned a lot of people. 海洛因毒害了很多人.5) The polluted water in the river poisoned people here. 污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒.-poisonousadj. 有毒 害的eg: This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities. 11.protectagainst/ from爱护不受的损害可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_preventfrom doing阻挡 protect your eyes from strong light to protect you against cold prevent them from getting married prevent sb. from doingstop sb. from doing keep sb. from doing12. sense n. & v.five senses： sense of smell sense of hearing the sixth sense sense of touch sense of sight sense of tastesense of humour、duty、directionThe man hasno common sense . 无常识 What he said made no sense. 没 道 理 sense v.感觉到Although she didn t say anything, I sensed that she didn t like the idea.我感觉到她不喜爱这个想法）13. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious. 该句是一个主从复合句,主句为： So if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious .从句为： as you can imagine.as 引导非限制性定语从句,指代后面的内容,有“正如”或“就象”的意思.它所引的从句位置较敏捷,可以位于句首、句中或句末.另外,该句的主句中仍含有一个if 引导的条件状语从句.请看类似的句子：As you can see, if they are not properly protected, the farmlands will become desserts sooner or later.正如你所看到的,这些农田假如爱护不当迟早会变成沙漠.as we all know= asis known to all asweexpect= asisexpected as everybody can seeas you can imagine14. various不同的,各种各样的There are various colors to choose from.varyvi 1. in sth be different in size, volume, strength, etc体积、容积、力气等出现不同Opinions vary on this point.15. vary with sth; from sth to sth change , esp according to some factor 转变 , 变动 , 变化（尤指相伴某种因素而产生）Prices vary with seasons. 物价随季节而变动Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression.她的心情由乐观一变而为极度消沉可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_varietyn.变化,多样性,种类We all need variety in our diet.我们都需要饮食多样化The shopping center sells a variety of goodsa variety of+ 名词 ,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一样16.dependon 取决于 ,依靠 ,依靠 ,信任 ,信任His whole family depends on him他全家都靠他养活. He is a man to be depended on 他是个可以信任的人dependent adj. dependence n. independent adj. independence n.17. mild-milder-mildest-mildlyExamples include mildsunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron fora moment.mild 在这个句子中的意思是“稍微的、不严峻的”.如： Edward suffered from a mild heart attack. 爱德华犯了稍微的心脏病.mild 仍可以表示 “温顺的、温和的.味淡的” 如： Shes the mildest person I have ever met in my life. 她是我平生见到过的最温顺的人了a mild climate温和的天气mild cheese 淡味奶酪18. 词语辨析 :electric 电的 ,发电的 ,由电产生的 ,用于导电的 .electrical有关电的 ,与电有关的 .electricity电 ,电力 . 电力学electric generator发电机 ,electric cooker电炉 , electric iron电熨斗 ,electric engineer电机工程师19. swellvt./vi. Swell swelled/swelled swollen使膨胀,使 力气,数目等增长,使壮大, The wind swelled the sails.风使船帆鼓起.His injured wrist began to swell up.他那受伤的手腕开头肿起.Her face swelled up with toothche.The wind swelled into a storm.风力渐增,最终形成一场暴风雨.a small business swelled into a big company. 壮大4Never swell with pride when you make some contributions.有了奉献不要沾沾自喜.swell with pride/anger满意洋洋、怒气冲冲 The doctor examined the swelling on my back. swollenadj. 肿胀的His eyelid is swollen.他眼皮肿了.20.stickstick sth. to sth.粘住 Stick the glue to my fingers. stick to doing sthstick to坚持stick to one s坚v持iew自己的观点可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_21. jewellery=jewelry珠宝 总称 不行数jewel可数,珠宝,珍视的人、物jewel jewellery jewelsShe appeared at the reception wearing her finest jewels. She locked her jewels in the jewellery box.22. Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.立刻用凉水给伤口冲凉,但不要用冰水-y 是个形容词后缀.如：windy 有风hilly多小山的sleepy 困倦的greeny 略呈绿色的spicy 辛辣的woody 树木茂盛的23. unbearable不能忍耐的un 不能.,无法.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_unforgettable unwilling unusual24. squeeze 挤.压.塞uncertain unfair unfitunbelievable unfortunate unlikeuncomfortable可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_squeezesth. into sth. 把塞进 squeezesth. from/ out of sth.挤出 squeezethrough 挤过squeezesth. out of sb.敲诈逼某人说出 I squeezed myself onto the crowded train. He squeezed everything into a suitcase.She watched her grandma squeeze the juice out of a lemon attentivelyAlthough I am busy, I still can squeeze you in at 10 o clockThose blackmailers intended to squeeze moremoney out of him. 那些勒索者准备向他榨取更多钱.I ll never give in to you, and you can squeeze nothing out ofmeThe little boy is squeezing the toothpaste from the tube onto the toothbrush25. over and over againList some phrases or words that have similar meaning over and over可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_again and again over and again many timesrepeatedlyfrom time to time now and thennow and again SometimesAt times可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_26. Hold the bandage in place with tape.用胶布把绷带固定.in place 在适当的的方.如：The librarian put the returned books in place.图书馆员把仍回的图书放到原处.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_You d better put things back in place你.最好把你的东西放回原位.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Her dress was out of place at the ceremony.（不得体 ,不适当） in place 仍有 “预备就绪 ”的意思.如：The arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in place. 周六的音乐会已经预备就绪.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_With everything in place, she started the slide show.27.Pour1. 倒,灌 ,注She poured herself another cup of tea. 她为自己又倒了一杯茶.2. 倾注 ;大量投入 ;大量生产They have poured money into the tourist industry.他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅行业.3 倾吐 ,诉说She often pours her troubles to friends.她常常向伴侣们倾诉自己的苦恼.不及物动词vi.1. 倾泻 ,涌流The crowd poured out of the concert hall.人群从音乐厅涌出来.Sweat poured from Martin's face.马丁脸上汗如雨下.2. 斟茶Shall I pour.我来斟茶好吗 . 3 雨倾盆而降 +downThe rain poured steadily down.大雨不停的倾盆而下.Pour cold water on/over 对泼冷水 Pour oil on the flames 火上浇油Pour oil on troubled waters 平静风波Reading21 award, reward, prizeaward 指正式的或官方的颁发,授予,赐予.也可以指法庭裁决赐予.如：The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最杰出的同学.reward “报答,报偿,奖赏”,表示由于做了某事而应当得到的东西.如：The fireman received a reward for saving the child's life.因救了小孩的命,消防员提到一笔奖金.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_prize奖“赏,奖金,奖品”,尤指在竞赛中获得的荣誉.如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.参与我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品.2.Honorn. U荣誉,敬重 ;名誉It s a point of honor with me to reply all my debts promptly.(C) 引以为荣的人/事,只用单数.(D) The successful launch of the“ Shenzhou VI” is an honor to our country. do sb an honor /the honor（ of doing sth ）使某人有特别的荣幸,赏光Will you do me the honor of dining with me.可否赏光和我一起吃饭？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_in sb s /sth出s 于ho对nor的敬意可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor.我们正筹备为你举办一次盛大的圣诞晚会.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_in honor of, 为 纪念,为庆祝可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war.为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们,建立了一座纪念碑.v.赐予夸奖（或嘉奖、头衔、称号） 1 honor sb/sth （ with sth ）The President honored us with a personal visit. 2 be honored for因而受到敬重Dr Bethune was honored for his selfless work. 白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉.3 be/feel honored that很荣幸能做I am honored that you should notice me. 我很荣幸您能留意到我.4 be/feel honored to do很荣幸能做.I am honored to be here with you. 能和你在这里我感到很荣幸.an honored guest贵宾3 presentv.Joan was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of the lifeof another.1.赠送present + sth. +to +sb.把某物送给某人 present + sb. +with sth.赠送某人某物 2. introduce sb formally正式介绍She presented her boyfriend to us. 她把男伴侣介绍给我们.3. show 显示 ,出现a smiling face 显出一张笑脸4. 描述The characters in the novel are vividlyed. 小说中人物被描写得很生动adj.作前置定语 , “目前的 ,现在的 ”作后置定语 , “出席的 ,在场的the present members the members presentn. gift礼物相关短语：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_the present day今日 =todayat present at the present time now现在for the present临时4.ceremonyn. C 典礼.仪式U 礼节.礼仪.客套The wedding ceremony was beautiful. There is no need for ceremony between us. Expressions:stand on ceremony 拘泥礼节.讲究客套with ceremony正式.郑重without ceremony 不拘礼节的.任凭的the present现在 相当于名词 be present at出席 ;到场可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony. 人们以最高规格的仪式欢迎国家首脑.5. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.此句型中when 作并列连词相当于and then 意为 ”正值时突然 ”常,用于以下句型：be doingwhen正在做突然be about to dowhen即将做突然be on the point to dow正h要en去做.突然可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_has/have/had donewhen刚刚 6 cut one's finger割破手指 have one's hair cut 理发cut expenses 削减费用cut a class 逃学这时突然 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Was your salary cut. 你的薪水削减了吗.习惯用语：be cut out for有做某事的天赋; 适合于 ; 与.相协作short cut 捷径 , 近路 一般和 make, take 连用 ; 有时用作定语 draw cuts 抽签cut about 乱切 , 乱砍乱跑 cut at 向 .砍去猛打毁掉 cut away 切除 , 剪掉匆忙跑掉cut backon削减 ; 剪短 ; 倒叙 ; 缩减 ; 中断 ;cut down削减 , 压缩砍倒使丧命比.强; 使.逊色 cut in插进来说 , 插嘴夹进来 , 夹塞干预超车cut into插进来 , 参与 谈话 , 打断 别人的话 ; 削减 , 缩减 ; 切开 ; 侵害 利益 cut off 切断 , 停掉隔绝 , 拦住死掉使电话中断切剪 下来剥夺 继承权 cut out 删掉停止机器 失灵可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_7.a number of+可数名词,谓语用复数,意为“很多,大量的. .词,谓语用单数,意为“. .的数量 ”eg:1A number of problems have arisen. 已经显现了很多问题., th”e number of +可数名可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2The number of colleges has increased in the past 10 years. 在过去的十年里,高校的数量有所增加.- 其他表示 “很多,大量 ”的短语： a great /good manya large /great /good/small number of+可数名词a good few / quite a few many amucha great / good deal ofa great / large amount of+不行数名词 quite a littlea lot of / lots ofa great / large quanitity of+ 可数或不行数名词 large quanitities ofplenty of可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_8. put one's hands on找到eg: Few of the students have put their hands on thematerials for their compositions.没有几个同学找到适合他们作文的素材.9. treat vt.1对待.看待,把.看作： treat sb.badly 虐待某人treat sb.as distinguished guest 把某人待为上宾treat sb. with consideration 对待某人很爱护Do not treat this serious matter as a joke.2争论.探讨.详述. （文学,艺术作品中）描画,描述.表现：He treats this subject thoroughly in his book. 他在书中详尽透彻的争论了这个问题.3医治,治疗：treat sb. for influenza给某人医治流行感冒treat sboothsatche治疗某人的牙痛4招待,请客to:treat sb. to an ice-cream a theatre请某人吃冰激凌（看戏） I ll treat myself to a sunbath我. 要好好的享受一次日光浴. Let s go out for dinn-e-r-my treat this time. 这次由我请客.10 .applyVt.涂,敷;应用 ;适用Application applicant-applicance-applicable1涂,敷她在脸上浓妆艳抹She applied heavy makeup to her face.2我们应当把理论应用于实践. We should apply theory to practice.This rule can not be applied to every case.vi. 申 请 apply to sb for sth apply for a job 申请就业Apply for a scholarship申请奖学金 apply to do sth申请做某事 They applied to return to China.3适用School regulations apply to every student.校规适用于每位同学.This rule can not apply to every case.这条规章并不是在每种情形下都能适用的.apply oneself/sth to sth 使致力 于,使用心从事He applied himself to learning French.他致力于学习法语.用心于,致力于 :Bury oneself in Absorb oneself in Involve oneself in可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_lose oneself in commit oneself to devote oneself tokeep one s mind on11.There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.毫无疑问,是约翰灵敏的思维和在学校学到的急救技术,使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了.【拓展】1） There's no doubt that. 是固定句式,意为：“毫无疑问”. 2） There's no doubt 后接名词时,需用介词about 或 of .如： There's no doubt about/of his honesty.毫无疑问他是诚恳的.3）确定句中可用whether, if , that 引起宾语从句,否定句中只能用that.如： He doubted whether they would be able to help.他拿不准他们是否能帮上忙. There is some doubt whether John will come.约翰是否会来很难说.There is no doubt that the plan will succeed.毫无疑问,这方案肯定会实现.There is no need是没必要的There is no point in是没有意义的 There is no denying that不行否认的 There is no saying很难说,没法知道12 make a difference有关系 ,有影响 ,起 重要作用 make a no, some, no, any, little,much difference to sb/sth 1.=have an no, someeffect on sb/sth对某人 /某事物有、没有、有些作用或影响1The rain didn t make much difference to the ga这me场.雨对竞赛没多大影响 2The sea air has made a difference to her health.改善了她的健康状况2.=be important unimportant to sb/sth对某人 某事物 重要 ,不重要等 ;要紧 ,不要紧等1对我来说 ,你来不来都无所谓It makes no difference to me whether you come or not.2你的挑选事关重大.Your choice makes a difference.Useful expressions：1 在救生员颁奖大会at the Lifesaver Awards2