2022年八级英语上册知识点总结人教新目标版.docx
精品_精品资料_Unit 2 How often do you exercise?一、词组go to the movies去看电影look after=take care of照料surf the internet上网healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式go skate boarding去划板keep healthy=stay healthy保持健康eating habits饮食习惯take more exercise做更多的运动 the same as与什么相同once a month一月一次be different from不同twice a week一周两次make a difference to对什么有影响how often多久一次although=though虽然as for至于activity survey活动调查do homework做家庭作业do housework做家务事eat less meat吃更少的肉junk food垃圾食物be good for对什么有益 be bad for对什么有害want to do sth想做某事want sb to do sth想某人做某事try to do sth尽量做某事come home from school放学回家of course=certainly=sure当然get good grades取得好成果some advice一些建议most of the students=most students大多数同学 shop=go shopping=do some shopping购物exercise=take much exercise=do sports锤炼 help sb to do sth=help sb with sth帮忙某人做某事a lot of vegetables=many vegetables很多蔬菜hardly=not nearly/almost not几乎不keep/be in good health保持健康二、词汇精讲1、 always 、usually、 often 、sometimes 、hardly ever和 neveralways 、usually、often 、sometimes 、hardly ever和 never 是英语中最常见的频度副词.( 1)always的频度为 100%,表示动作重复、 状态连续, 中间没有间断, 意思是“总是”、 “永久的”.The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳总是东升西落.( 2) usually的频度为 70%左右,意为“通常”、“平常”,即很少有例外.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He usually goes to bed at ten oclock.他通常10 点钟睡觉.( 3)often的频度为 50%左右,意为“常常”,但不如usually那么频繁,表示动作重复,中间有间断.He is often late for school.他上学常常迟到.( 4)sometimes的频度为 20%左右,意为“有时”,表示动作有时发生.可以位于句首,以示强调.多用于一般现在时.It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold.天气忽冷忽热.Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way.他有时这样做,有时那样做.( 5) hardly ever的频度为 5%左右,意为“几乎不”、“有时”,表频率,位置是“行前be后”.I hardly ever go out these days.这些天我几乎不出门.( 6) never的频度为 0,意为“从来不”、“永不”.My parents are never late for work.我父母上班从来不迟到.【拓展】( 1)这些副词在句子中的位置基本相同,一般放在助动词、be 动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前.即:“行”前“助 系 ”后 .Peter is always late for school.Peter上学总是迟到.I usually do my homework in the evening.我通常在晚上做作业.( 2) hardly和 hardhardly和 hard 形式上很接近,但意义截然不同.1) hard 作形容词时,意为“困难的.硬的.勤奋的.严格的.苛刻的”.hard 作副词常常用来表示程度,意为“努力的.猛烈的.猛烈的”.This ground is too hard to dig.这块的太硬,挖不动. They tried hard to succeed.他们努力工作,以求得胜利.2) hardly是表频率的副词,意为“几乎不.几乎没有”,相当于almost not.There is hardly any coffee left.= Theres almost no coffee left.几乎没有剩余的咖啡了.( 3) sometimes 、sometime 、 some time和 some times单词词义用法sometimes有时用于一般现在时和一般过去时中sometime某时 时间点 用于一般将来时或一般过去时中some time一段时间可用于多种时态 指时间段 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_some times几次,几倍表示次数或倍数He was sometimes late for school.他有时上学迟到.He came here sometime.他某个时候来过这里.He will stay there for some time.他将在那里待一段时间.She came home some times.她回了几次家.2、 exercise( 1)作不及物动词,意为“锤炼、运动”. How often do you exercise. I exercise every day.你多久锤炼一次?我每天都锤炼.( 2)作不行数名词,意为“锤炼、运动”,常与动词take连用.Exercise makes me keep healthy.运动使我保持健康.John likes to take exercise in the open air.约翰喜爱在户外锤炼.( 3)作可数名词,意为“练习.操”.We do morning exercises every day.我们每天做早操.We do English exercises to help us learn English well.我们做英语练习以便学好英语.3、 mostmost 表示“大部分,多半”的意思.Most children like playing computer games.大部分孩子喜爱玩电脑嬉戏.【拓展】 most与 most of的区分:( 1) most 后可直接跟名词 可数或不行数 ,同时,也可接有形容词修饰的名词.Most boys like playing football.大部分男孩都喜爱踢足球.I always spend most time learning English.我总是花大部分时间学习英语.( 2)most 后不能直接跟有定冠词、 指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词,遇到这些情形用 most of代替 most .I spent most of my time learning to play the piano last year.去年我把大部分时间都花在学弹钢琴上了.I did most of that difficult work.那件困难的工作绝大部分都是由我做的.( 3) most of后跟人称代词时,应用复数形式的人称代词宾格.Most of them are going off to Guangzhou next week.他们中的多数人都预备下星期去广州.( 4) most前有定冠词时,可用来修饰多音节形容词,表示最高级,意为“最”.This is the most beautiful flower.这是最美丽的花.但是,假如 most 前有不定冠词 a,就表示“特别.很”,相当于very .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_She is a most beautiful girl.她是个特别美丽的姑娘.4、 nono 是形容词,意为“无,没有”,一般用作定语,后接可数名词或不行数名词.相当于not a/any .I have no friends.=I don t have a/any friend.我没有伴侣.【拓展】( 1) no 常用于省略句中,表示“不许,不行,不要”.No smoking.不要抽烟.No photos.禁止拍照;( 2) no 和 not( 1) no 可单独使用,回答一般疑问句,而not 就不能单独使用. Can I come.我能来吗? No, you can t.不,你不能.( 2) no 作形容词,其后可接单数、复数或不行数名词,而not 是副词,常用来修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词等,故no 相当于 not a/an 或 not any 5、 healthhealth为名词,意为“健康”,其形容词形式为healthy,意为“健康的”.在名词词尾加y 构成形容词,类似的词仍有:rain rainy雨下雨的sun sunny太阳晴朗的luck lucky幸运幸运的wind windy风刮风的6、shopshop 可用作动词,意为“购物”,也可用go shopping “去购物”或do some shopping.【拓展】go swimming去游泳go skating去滑冰go fishing去钓鱼go boating去划船do some reading阅读do some washing洗涮do some cooking做饭do some swimming游泳 do some speaking多说do some listening多听7、 once a week/ twice a weekonce“一次”, twice “两次”, 在英语中三次或三次以上通常用“基数词+times ”表示,time在这里为可数名词,意为“次数”,复数加s.I wash my face twice a day.我每天洗两次脸.He has been there four times.他去过那里四次.8、 how often可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_how often意为“多久一次”,常用于对时间频率的提问.回答可用once/twice/three times a day 一天一 / 两/ 三次 , sometimes 有时 , never 从不 , very often常常 等.How often do you watch TV.你多久看一次电视?How often do your parents visit your grandparents.你的父母多久看一次你的祖父母?【拓展】词语词义用法答语特点how long多久询问时间多久for/about+一段时间how often多久一次询问动作的频率often 、 twice a week等how soon多快,过多久询问时间多快in+ 一段时间how far多远询问距离多远ten minutes walkhow many多少询问可数名词数量数词 +可数名词复数多少询问不行数名词数量数词 +表示量的词 +不行数可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_how much名词多少钱询问价格数词+钱可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_9、 look afterlook after意为“照料,照看”,相当于take care of.My father is ill, so I have to look after him at home.我父亲病了,所以我得在家照料他.She is old enough to look after herself.她长大了,能够照料自己了.【拓展】look at=have a look at看look over检查look up在字典等 查找look for查找 look forward to期望,希望look around环顾10、look 、see、watch 和 read 辨析:look为不及物动词,后接宾语时须用介词at ,指看的动作.see 既可做及物动词后接宾语,又可用做不及物动词,着重于看的后果,即“看到,观察”.read 多指“看书、报”,这里的“看”实为“读”,可用做及物动词或不及物动词.watch用做及物动词,用来指特别认真的、有目的和特意的动作,表示“凝视,观看,监视” 之意.也常用于“看电视,看竞赛”等短语中.三、句式精讲1、 want sb.to do sth.意为“想要某人做某事”.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_否定形式为: want sb. not to do sth.想让某人不要做某事want 的用法仍有:want sth.想要什么want to do sth.想要做某事She wants a cup of tea.她想要一杯茶.They want to go home.他们想要回家.He wants me to help him.他想要我帮他.【拓展】want后接动词不定式时,相当于would like.want sb.to do sth.=would like sb.to do sth.2、 be good for意为“对有好处,对有好处”,介词for后接名词或代词.其反义词为 be bad for,意为“对有害处”.Junk food is not good for our health.垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处.Smoking is bad for you.吸烟对你有害.【拓展】( 1)be good to “对好”,其反义短语为be bad to “对不好”.介词 to 之后一般接表示人的名词或代词.She is very good to us.她对我们很好.The boss is bad to his workers.那个老板对他的工人不好.( 2)be good at “在方面善于”,介词at 后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,同义短语为 do well in.She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese.她擅长英语和汉语.( 3)be good with“和相处得好.擅于和相处”.Are you good with children.你和孩子们相处得好吗?3、 try to do sth.try 为动词,意为“试图.设法.努力”.指付出肯定努力去做某事.try notto do sth.努力 不 做某事、尽力 不 做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事try out试验try on试穿 鞋、衣服等 try one s best to do sth.尽某人最大努力去干I try to answer the question.我尽力回答这个问题.He tried swimming across the river.他试着游过河去.She is trying on a new dress.她正在试穿一件新连衣裙.We should try our best to study English well.我们应尽我们最大努力学好英语.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_try作名词,意为“尝试.试图”.Let me have a try.让我试一试.4、 help sb. todo sth.意为“帮忙某人做某事”.同义词组为help sb. with sth.He helps me tolearn English.= He helps me with my English.他帮忙我学习英语.【拓展】( 1) help sb. with sth.在某事上帮忙某人My maths teacher helps me with my maths.我的数学老师在数学上帮忙我.( 2) help也可以作名词,作名词常常用于以下短语:with one s help= with the help of在的帮忙下With Mary s help,I made rapid progress in English learning.= With the help of Mary, I made rapid progress in English learning.在 Mary 的帮忙下,我在英语学习方面进步很快.5、 the same as/ be different fromthe same as意为“和一样 / 相同”I am in the same school as my younger sister.我和我的妹妹在同一所学校.be different from意为“与不同”Saying a thing is very different from doing it.说一件事和做一件事很不相同.the sameas意为“同一样”,是一常用搭配,same是形容词,做定语,其前总有the. Her hair is the same color as her mothers.她头发的颜色和她妈妈的一样.6、 keep in good health意为“保持健康”If you want to keep in good health, you should eat more fruit and vegetables.假如你想保持健康,你应当多吃水果和蔬菜.health是不行数名词, 意为“健康 状况 ”, 常用于“ be in goodpoor/badhealth”短语中, 表示“身体好 不好 ”.Health is better than wealth.健康胜于财宝.healthy做形容词, 意为“健康的”,它是名词health+y构成的形容词,类似的词有:windy 、cloudy 、sunny 、funny 、snowy 等.unhealthy意为“不健康的”,是由“ un+adj. ”构成的形容词.un- 为否定前缀.类似的有:happy 兴奋的 unhappy 不兴奋的fair公正的 unfair不公正的【拓展】可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_( 1) keep是动词,意为“保持 连续的 状态”,其后常跟形容词、副词、介词短语或动词的-ing形式.keep doing sth.连续做某事keep sb. / sth.+形容词使某人 保持某种状态keep sb./sth.+介词短语使处于某种状态keep sb. / sth. from doing sth.阻挡,爱护不受keep on doing sth.反复做某事You should keep quiet.你们应当保持寂静.He keeps at home because it is hot.他始终待在家里,由于天气太热了.( 2) keep 的相关短语:keep up with赶上keep a shop开商店keep an eye on照看7、kind of常用于口语,意为“有点儿,有几分”,多用于修饰形容词或副词,表程度.He looked kind of angry.他看上去有点愤怒了.kind仍可表示“种类”.There are all kinds of shoes in the shoe shop.鞋店里有各种各样的鞋.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载