2022年初中英语被动语态讲解-练习及答案.docx

精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -被动语态一、 考点、热点回忆【被动语态】（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的.英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.例如： Many people speak Chinese.谓语： speak 的动作是由主语many people 来执行的.被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者,即行为动作的对象.例如： Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语 English 是动词 speak 的承担者.（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由 “助动词 be及物动词的过去分词”构成.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 的变化表现出来的.现以 speak 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成.一般现在时： am is are spoken一般过去时： was were spoken一般将来时： will shall be spoken现在进行时： am is are being spoken过去进行时： was/were being spoken 现在完成时： have has been spoken 过去完成时： had been + spoken（三）被动语态的用法（ 1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.例如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了.（不知道是谁偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981. 这座桥竣工于1981 年.（ 2）强调动作的承担者,而不强调动作的执行者.例如： The glass was broken by Mike. 玻璃杯是迈克打破的.This book was written by him.这本书是他写的.Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必需准时完成.（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（ 1）把主动语态的宾语 变为被动语态的主语 .（2）把 谓语 变成被动结构（be过去分词 ） （依据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原先主动语态句子中动词的时态来打算be 的形式）.（ 3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格.例如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -All the people laughed at him . He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him .（五）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词 be过去分词 ”构成We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. It should be done at once.（六）特别情形1. He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2. Mother never lets me watch TV . I am never let to watch TV by mother.3. Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.（ 1） A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.（ 2） Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.常见的句型结构：It is was agreed believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that. .大家同意（信任、打算、期望、认为）.It is was well known that .众所周知It is was taken for granted that .被视为当然It must be remembered that .务必记住 .It mustn t be forgotten th.a.t.千万别遗忘 .It is was said reported, heard, told ,suggested that .据说 报道、听说、告知、建议.及物 动词才有被动语态.被动语态的主语大多数是物可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_例： 1.Bananas in Hainan.海南种植香焦.）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2. Many more trees in our school next yea（r.我们学校明年将种更多的树. ）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. the trees by him 这.些树是他种的吗？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4. Young trees 必 须照看好小树）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5. The building 那栋楼房正在建设中. ）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6. The homework ye（t主动语态变被动语态家作已经做完了. ）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He teaches English in our school.- English is taught in our school by him. We planted many trees last years.-Many trees were planted by us last year.Many countries have sent up satellites into space. -Satellites have been sent up into space by many countries .4. She will teach Class 6.-Class 6 will be taught by her.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -5. We should plant many more trees.-Many more trees should be planted by us.留意:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_如 遇双宾语,最好变间宾,如如变直宾,间宾前 to/fo（r 1.She gave me a book.I was given a book by her. /pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell ）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A book was given to me byher带.His mother told him a story.双宾语（复合宾语）的被动语态可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He othera story by his mother .A story him by his m可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2.I saw the girl drawing in class.The girl in class.3. He often lends me a pen.Ioften a pen by him.A pen often me by him.4. They take good care of the children.The children good care .2. 动词短语的被动：不能分割,须将其看作一个整体,不行漏掉介词,副词.例： They take good care of the baby. The baby is taken good care of by them.3.某些动词,主动句中 to 离开,被动句中 to 回 来（ feel, listen to, hear, look at, see, watch let, have, make,） 例: He made me do the work.-I was made to do the work by him. 二、典型例题（ ） 1The Olympic Games every four years.A are heldB were heldC are holdingD will ho1d（） 2. In the art show ,a lot of enjoyment _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is givingB is givenC will giveD has given（） 3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It in. many schools around the world.A. teachesB. is teachingC. has taughtD. is taught（） 4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, as "People's Writer".A. is regardedB. has regardedC. is regardingD. regards（） 5. Usually computers to search the Internet.A. useB. are usingC. are usedD. used（） 6. -Do you often clean your classroom.-Yes. Our classroom every day.A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleaned（） 7.一 Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible.一 Yes In fact , it .That's all because of the people and the factories around A pollutedB was pollutedC has pollutedD was po11ute（） 8. -Our environment is getting worse than before.-You're right. But thanks to Earth Day , people have done more and more useful things to protect爱护the earth since Earth Day.A. is startedB. was startedC. has started（） 9. -I feel very happy that I to be the host.-Congratulations.A. chooseB. am chosenC. was chosenD. haven chosen（） 10. Many trees and flowers in our school last year , and they made our school a beautiful garden 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -A plantB plantedC have plantedD were planted（） 11. Some famous paintings in the hall next week.A. will showB. were shownC. is shownD. will be shown（） 12. A talk on developments in science and technologyin the school hall next week .A. givenB. will be givenC. has been givenD. gives（） 13.-Great changes have taken place in this city.-Right. Many modern tall buildings have been these days.A. turned upB. put upC. shown upD. fixed up（） 14.Twelve-year-olds should notto drive in China.A. allowB. be allowC. allowedD. be allowed（） 15. Do you often clean your classroom. Yes, our classroom every day.A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleanedD. Cleaned三、课后练习（） 1 Susan, why are you still here. They are all ready to start. I m sorry, but I when to meet.A. don t tellB. didn t tellC. haven t toldD. wasn t told（） 2 Many old houses around our school next year and a large green area will appear.A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. will pull downD. are pulled down（） 3 - My watch .- Don t worry. Let s go to the Lost & Found.A. is lost（） 4 -Did you go to SamB. is brokens weekenpdarty.C. has foundD. has stopped-No, I .A. am not invitedB. wasn t invitedC. haven t invitedD. didn t invite（） 5 - How often your school sports meeting .- Once a year.A. does; holdB. was; holdC. is; heldD. did; hold（） 6On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty 明朝 at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars.A. sellB. soldC. is soldD. was sold将以下句子变为被动语态,每空一词.1. We can finish the work in two days.The work in two days. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou.Silkin Suzhou. 3. The children will sing an English song.An English song by the children. 4. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card me by Lucy last week. 5.He made me do that for him.I that for him. 7. I have given this book to the library. This book to the library.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载