2022年初中英语阅读理解和完形填空解题技巧及练习.docx

精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -一 中学英语阅读懂得的解题技巧阅读懂得也是中考英语题的必考题目之一,此题型旨在考查同学阅读, 懂得的才能,几年来,中考英语题中的阅读懂得材料新,题材丰富,考查同学综合推 断才能,依据语篇猜单词意思的才能的力度加大,也考查同学关注细节的才能. 所以同学往往要么没能正确懂得语篇中某些句子的意思,在细节题上丢分, 要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够, 在综合题或者推断题方面丢分.那么究竟怎么做好阅读懂得这一题型了？我将从以下三个方面谈论这个问题：一、解题思路（一）先读问题,弄清考查要点,以便能带着问题看文章,这样会心中有数,有的放矢.在读题的时候划出题目的关键词.（二）快速浏览全文,把握全貌,留意发觉与问题有关的信息,假如时间紧,至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段. 再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想,这样全文大意便清晰了.此时,不要忙于答题.（三）细读原文,捕获相关信息词,把握短文细节内容.这是解题的关键,应特殊留意以下几点：1 抓住四个 "W"和一个 "H" ,就是边读边用铅笔做些标记, 把 What 大事 ,When（时间）, Where（的点）, Why（缘由）, How（经过）划出来.抓住了四个 “ W”和一个“ H”,就抓住了文章的全貌,一些直接性的问题便可解决. 2抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等.由于这些词具有因果,让步,递进,转折,指代,列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能.这对考生分清文章层次,辨明各种关系,明白人物心理,推断作者意图,进行规律推理等手段来分析难点,都具有举足轻重的作用.3 留意领悟文章的寓意.4 依据题意,初选答案.这一步须认真审题,领悟测试要求,确定解题方法.对那些明显的, 有把握的题可以断然确定, 不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而铺张时间：有些略难的题,应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍）,快速找出依据,予以排除.常用的解题方法有如下几种： 直接解题法.即从原文中直接找出答案. 归纳解题法.对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案. 综合推理法.读者需统观全文,认真分析,综合推理及至运算,最终归纳出正确答案.题 干 中 有 "suggest,conclude,conclusion,probably,reason, because, according to“等字眼时,属于推断概括型,考查内容着眼于全篇, 考生应具备肯定的分析归纳,推理等规律思维才能. 捕获关键词.在阅读时应当留意与问题相关的同义词,近义词,反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - - 同意转换法.即原文这么说,而在问题和所选项中就用另外的词去转换一种说法,但仍表示同一含义. 排除法.依据语言,句法结构,信息词和常识,在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案.四、重读原文,认真斟酌核对答案.在解完最终一道题后,假如时间答应,再将原文读一遍.用全文的主题思想统率各摸索题,讨论其内在联系和规律关系,目的在于对所做答案进一步审查,推出未解答的题,以便削减失误.二阅读懂得题型及解题技巧从近几年的中考阅读懂得情形看,短文体裁多样, 题材各异, 文章涉及科学学问、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面,充分表达其时代性、 有用性.短文难度逐年加大.常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、推测词义题 和正误判定题.做阅读懂得练习应先看问题,弄清考点.在阅读短文之前,快速浏览问题,以便 在阅读短文时做到心中有数,快速、精确的捕获所要信息.先易后难.做题时不 必拘泥于书中所出现的语篇次序,应遵循先易后难的原就. 如可先做细节题再做推断题,由于细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案,而推断题就需对短文进行深层懂得,再作判定.（一）主旨题此类题型用以考查同学对文章主题或中心思想的领悟和懂得才能.其中一类题型为主旨问题.1 、主旨大意题题干常见的问句形式1主旨句设问类型What is the main idea of this passage.What does the passage maily talk about.We can conclude / learn from the passage that2正确标题挑选类型The best title for this passage is可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -3作者主旨意图类型What does the writer want to tell us.Which can express the purpose of the writer according to the passage.2 、主旨大意题的解题方法主旨大意题肯定要留意文章的首尾两段.假如首尾两段的主旨表达是一样的,那么文章的主旨便是两段重复说明的语句内容表达.找出选项中与归纳的主旨表达重复最多的选项即为正确答案.假如首尾两段的主旨表达不一样,就需要观看文章的段落篇幅量是倾向于首段或是尾段,从而确定主旨段落. 在此过程中, 观看篇幅量只需跳读文章段落的首句尾句即可,无需细读段落内容,以节约时间.假如文章只有一段, 就留意文章的首两句及尾句, 然后用以上的方法确定主旨句.此外,标题挑选即为主旨句的压缩表达,留意抓住主旨句进行主要词汇的提炼,把一个句子提炼为几个关键词, 即是对主旨大意进行概括归纳的标题. 而作者意图表达必需通过归纳中心主题才能找到,通常表达为 advise , convince , present ,purpose ,warn 等 .（二）细节题1 、细节事实题题干常见的问句形式1) TrueorNOTtrue是非判定类型WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOT true. Which of the following is NOT considered as. According to the passage ,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthereasons for.2特殊疑问词提问类型How many.What/who/when/where/how/why.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -3 排序 题 类 型Whichoftheordersiscorrectaccordingtothe passage.4例证题类型 The author gives the example inparagraph in orderto5表唯独细节概念题类型：the most / estthe only2 、细节事实题的解题方法：做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字, 一般为数字、大写或人名的名,再通过 scanning 快速确定该细节在文中的出处 信息源 ,认真对比题干要求,排除或挑选.命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来困惑考生, 即对原句微小处做改动, 截取原文词语或结构进行改造,因果倒置,把 A 的观点说成 B 的观点等.所以正确懂得题干和信息句的意义是关键.细节事实题仍要非常留意句子的非主干成分,如定语、状语、补语等,这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点.是非判定一般都遵循对比选项进行“三对一错或三错一对” 的判定.如该信息句是长句或难句, 要学会找出其主干部分, 分析句子结构, 正确懂得信息句的意义.肯定要留意的是,要所答是所问,不要受到惯势思维的影响,习惯性的去 挑选正确的细节事实,切记要弄清问题,不要所答非所问.例证题肯定要留意以 for example ,such as 等关键入手处,找出细节出处.排序题要先认真观看选项, 找出首尾相同的选项分组, 进而通过详细细节信息比较进行排除和挑选. 唯独细节题肯定要认真审题, 弄清题干所需. 特殊可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -需要提示的是,选项中显现有 most 最高级 、the only唯独、all 全部、none 全否修饰的细节,都具有肯定性,挑选判定时要慎选.（三）推断题此类题的关键是要留意原文显现的语句不是我们做出的推理判定,而是原文给出的细节信息, 所以原文语句不能选. 判定时对已知的事实认真评判后做出的合理打算并非唯独打算, 要对事实进行合乎情理的判定, 有时仍需借助常识进行判定.推理判定题分两种, 即对细节的推理和对主旨的推理.主要以 We can infer/ imply / learn from this passage that等进行提问.解决此类题要留意,一是与原文相同的细节不能选,二是文中没有显现的细节不能跳出文章做推断. 解题过程中只要留意上述两点,再结合做细节和主旨的方法, 即可以做出推理判断题.（四）推测词义题推测词义题主要考查同学依据上下文正确判定敏捷变化的词义才能.一般情形下,推断词义的题目中所显现的单词,大多数是同学未曾见过的生词,同学需要在该 词显现的上下文中去查找线索.通过阅读上下文, 肯定该词的真正含义, 然后将这个释义代入文中,检查是否贴切,认真比较直到得出该词的准确的含义.1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词,第一是找诞生词与上下文之间的规律关系,然后才能猜词.有时文章借助关联词 如 because ,as,since ,for ,so,thus ,as a result ,of course ,therefore 等等表示前因后果.例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault. 通 过 for 引出的句子所表示的缘由 那不是他的错 ,可猜出 blame 的词义是 "批评".可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and 或 or 连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不熟悉gay 这个词,也可以知道它是开心的意思.二是看在进一 步说明的过程中使用的同义词, 如 Man has known something about the planets Venus ,Mars ,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的 Venus 金星、 Mars 火星、Jupiter 木星均为生词,但只要知道planets 就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域.通过反义词猜词, 一是看表转折关系的连词或副词, 如 but , while , however 等.二是看与 not 搭配的或表示否定意义的词语,如：He is so homely , not at all as handsome as his brother.依据 not at all.handsome我们不难估计出 homely 的意思,即不英俊、不美丽的意思.3.通过构词法猜词在阅读文章时, 我们总会遇上一些新词汇, 有时很难依据上下文来推断其词意,而它们对文章的懂得又有着举足轻重的作用,此时, 如把握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法学问,这些问题便不难解决了.4.通过定义或释义关系来估计词义例如：But sometimes ,no rain falls for a long ,long time. Then there is a dry period ,or drought.从 drought 所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即 drought ,由此可见 drought 意思为 "久旱"," 旱灾".而 a dry period和 drought是同义语.这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is ,in other words ,be called或破折号等来表示.5.通过句法功能来估计词义例如： Bananas ,oranges ,pineapples ,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas. 假如 pineapples 和 coconuts 是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判定它们大致的意思.从句中不难看出 pineapples ,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_coconuts 和 bananas ,oranges 是同类关系,同属fruit 类,因此它们是两样水果,精确的说,是菠萝和椰子.6.通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮忙读者更深更感性的明白某人或某物而对该人或该物作出 的外在相貌或内在特点的描写.例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living inthe South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly , it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish. 从例句的描述中可以得知 penguin 是一种生活在南极的鸟类.后面更详尽的描述了该鸟类的生活习性.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_AWith miles of beaches, sea and sunshin,ePattaya芭堤雅 is one of the most可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_popular places for visitors to Thailand It provides many kinds of entertainment for both young people and the whole familyThere is always something to do,any time,any weather,any day or nightOrchid兰化 Farms are a worthwhilevisitand ifyou are thinkingof takingsome of these beautiful plants hom,e visit a day or two before you leave to make surethat you will have live plants when you get backYou can also get great orchids in asealed密封 bottle that will last as long as your memoryPattaya Elephant Village is another place that you can not miss in PattayaIt is a good place to learn and understand how elephants have been linked into Thai life and history over the centuriesYou can also take an elephant trek thereShow time allows the elephants to display their skills, such as playing footballYou can also feed a tiger at the Sriracha Tiger Zoo斯 里拉差龙虎园 There youwill learn more abouttigers You can take photos with themYou can also enjoy elephant and crocodile shows at the zoo依据短文内容,挑选正确答案. 1What is Pattaya famous for in Thailand. ABeachesBSea可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_CSunshine DAll of the above 2Whenever you go to Pattaya,it can provide many kinds of entertainment for Aboth young people and the whole family Bboth old people and the whole family Cboth young people and kidsDboth parents and kids 3Where can you get beautiful orchids in Thailand. ABeachesBPattaya Elephant Village COrchid FarmsDThe Sriracha Tiger Zoo 4Which animal do you see at the Sriracha Tiger Zoo. AFoxesBElephantsC LionsDMonkeys 5The passage mainly tells us _APattaya is one of the most popular places for visitors to Thailand B you must buy some beautiful orchids in ThailandCPattaya Elephant Village is the only place that you can not miss in Pattaya Dif you visit Thailand ,you must visit the Sriracha Tiger ZooBW hen my family moved to America in 2022 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our villagerules, customs and可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect 尊 敬 elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lectureabout how sensitive敏锐 Americans are and how they dislike the description“ old ”I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people becausethey know they can learn from their rich experience.However, in the United States, people think“ growing old” is a problem since shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here manypeople try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feelthey had failed to stay young. I had toldthem something they didn t want to hear.Afterthat, I changed the way I had been witholder people. It is not that I don trespect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don t show my feelings througwords.By Jack依据以上短文内容,然后从每题所给的四个选项中挑选正确选项.1. Jack brought the couple their food very fast because .A. the manager asked him to do soB. he respected the elderlyC. the couple wanted him to do soD. he wanted more pay2. When Jack called the couple“, theeldyebrleycam”e .A. nervousB. satisfiedC. unhappy D. excited3. In Jack s hometown, .A. people dislike being calledB“. opledo”ple are proud of being oldC. many people reach the age of seventy or eightyD. the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants4. After this experience, Jack .A. lost his job in the restaurantB. made friends with the couple可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_C. no longer respected the elderlyD. changed his way with older people5. Which of the following is TRUE.A. The more Jack explained, the angrier the couple got.B. Jack wanted to show his feelings through words after his experience.C. The manager went back to the table and apologized to the couple.D. From this experience, Jack learned more about American culture.CJean is a bright young woman who comes from a rich and famous family. She goes to a good universityand has everything that money can buy. Well,almost可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_everything. The problem is that the people in Jeanhardly find time to be with her. In fact, Jean is quite lonely.obsufsaymthilyatatrheesy can可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_So Jean spends a lot of time on her QQ. She likes being anonymous匿 名, talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life. She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a lot of friends who she keeps in touch with quite often.Last year Jean made a very special friend on QQ. His name was David and lived inSan Francisco. David was full of stories and jokes. He and Jean had a common 共 同的 interest in rock music and modern dance. So it always took them hours to talkhappily on QQ and sometimes they even forgot their time. Of course, they wanted to knowmore about each other. Davidsent a picture ofhimself:He was a tall, good-looking young man with a big, happy smile. As time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other.When Jean s father told her that he was going on a business trip to San Francisco, she asked him to let her go withhim so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday. She would take him the latest DVD of their favorite rock singer. But whenshe knocked on David s door in San Francisco, she found that her special friend was atwelve-year-old boy named Jim.依据以上短文内容,然后从每题所给的四个选项中挑选正确选项.1. Jean spends a lot of her time on QQ because she is .A. richB. famousC. youngD. lonely2. Jean thought“ David ” was special because he .A. made her quite happy on QQB. was from San FranciscoC. sent her a picture of himselfD. was tall and good-looking可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. When Jean and “ David ”m et and introduced themselves to each other, who felt surprised.A.“ David ”.B. Both“ David ” and Jean.C. Jean.D. Neither“ David ” nor Jean.4. What sthe main idea of the passage.A. Don t believe those you get to know on QQ so easily.B. People don t use their real names on QQ so often.C. Don t go to meet those you get to know on QQ.D. People should tell their real names to others on QQ.DLinda Evans was my best friendlike the sister I never had. We did everything together: piano lessons, movies, swimming, horseback riding.When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special timelike my wedding 婚礼 and Linda s. Soon we were busy with c