新概念第一册Lesson 79-80知识点及拓展(9页).doc

-新概念第一册Lesson 79-80知识点及拓展-第 9 页Lesson 79-80Carols shopping listTOM: What are you doing, Carol?CAROL: Im making a shopping list, Tom.TOM: What do we need?CAROL: We need a lot of things this week.CAROL: I must go to the grocers.We havent got much tea or coffee, and we havent got any sugar or jam.TOM: What about vegetables?CAROL: I must go to the greengrocers.We havent got many tomatoes,but weve got a lot of potatoes.CAROL: I must go to the butchers, too. We need some meat.We havent got any meat at all.TOM: Have we got any beer and wine?And Im not going to get any!TOM: I hope that youve got some money.CAROL: I havent got much.TOM: Well, I havent got much either!1. shopping n. 购物-go shopping 逛商店go +doing主要表示参加户外娱乐、体育等活动等godancing去跳舞，goriding去骑马，goshooting去射击，goboating去划船,goskating去滑冰,goskiing去滑雪，goclimbing去爬山,gofishing去钓鱼，gowalking去散步）-Shall we go shopping?-I go swimming every afternoon. -I often went hunting with my father when I was young.do+doing表示日常的、室内的、非运动的活动，名词前常可加some,any,the,allthe,one's等修饰，doreading看点书，dowriting写点东西， do washing洗衣物，dosewing缝补衣服，doeleaning搞卫生，do shopping 购物do cooking做饭-We do shopping every Sunday. -Mom does cooking everyday.-She spends her money quickly. She does too much shopping. -I always try to do some reading when I am free. -Who does the cleaning in your house? -My father never does cooking .-HewasdoingsomereadingwhenIwentin.-Haveyoudoneanywritinglately?-Shedidthecleaningallbyherself.-Shedidallthecleaningalone.2. list n.单子-I need a list of your names. 我需要你们的一份名单。-Please make a list of things you must do. -name list 名单/ shopping list 购物单make a shopping list 写一张购物单。3. vegetable n. 蔬菜，可数名词-I like vegetables better than meat. -Peas, cabbages, potatoes and tomatoes are all vegetables.4. need v. (1)“需要”作一般性动词-I need your help. -He needs food, clothing, housing and love. 常见词组：-be in need of 需要-We are in great need of water. (2)need 作情态动词时=must，后接动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句，语气比must委婉。判断以下句中need是一般性动词还是情态助动词-Need I help him with his Lessons? -We need some water.-You neednt tell me your ideas. 情态动词must need区别：need只用于否定形式和疑问句，语气委婉； must只用于肯定形式和疑问句，语气强硬。另外need可用于if、whether引导的从句，或用于有否定语气的句子里，比如：hardly adv.几乎；no one n.没有人。Must/Need you finish the work?Yes, I must. No, I neednt.must need 与have to 的比较must 和 have to 都有“必须”的含义must“必须”、 “应该”表示说话人认为有必要做某事,命令,要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测（其它两词无此意思），主观愿望； -You must do the housework.你一定要做家have to必须”、 “不得不”表示客观事实上不得不做某事，带有无奈和强迫性的- He has to stay in bed for 3 or 4 days.need 需要做某事，感情比较随意，有空间可以让步，没有强迫情绪 -I need to do some housework.但must只有一般现在时，不象have to有更多时态变化。补充： 1) must 的否定形式 must not 表示“不应该”、 “禁止”、 “不准”。 语气比较强烈。 You mustnt speak like that.(你不应该像那样讲话。 ） You mustnt be late for school.（你不应该上学迟到。 ） 在回答 must 的问句时， 肯定形式用 must 来回答， 但否定形式用 neednt 或 dont have to来回答, 而不用 mustnt 来回答。 Must I be home before 8 oclock?Yes, you must. No, you neednt./No, you dont have to. 2)have got to 是 have to 的口语形式。 -Ive got to leave for Nanjing. I must go now.(主观看法) My mother is ill, so I have to go now.(客观需要) 练习：-I _ go to school. -I _ go to see the dentist.We will _ get up early tomorrow.1.-Must I do it now? -No, you _. A. needn't B. don't have to C. mustn't D. A or B 2.It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack _be here at any time. A. must B. need C should D can. 3.-When can I come for these photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 4.They _ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to 5. -Could I take this book out? -No, you_. A. can't B. couldn't C. needn't D. aren't 6. You_ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever. A. can B. must C. dare D. would 7.-Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not 8. Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it_ be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need 9. He isn't at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to 10. The children_ play football on the road. A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must 11.His arm is all right. He_ go and see the doctor. A. has not to B. don't have to C. haven't to D. doesn't have to 12. Excuse me. _ you please pass me that cup? A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must 13. -Would you like to go boating with us? -Yes, _. A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do5. We havent got much tea or coffee. or表示“即不也不”-They are not doctors or nurses. 他们即不是医生，也不是护士。用and 则表示“不同时是”-I am not a teacher and doctor. I am only a teacher. 我不是即当教师又当医生，我只是一个教师。-I dont like beer and coco-cola. -I dont like beer or coco-cola.在选择并列句中，or用于疑问句和否则句，而and 用于肯定句：We have got much tea and coffee.Have we got any beer and wine? 如果疑问句中希望得到对方的肯定回答，那么用陈述句的语法。Would you like some beef? 来一些牛肉怎么样We havent got any meat at all. 我们根本没有肉了。at all adv.根本，用于否定句之中。放在句末。not any 一点也没有了 è not many/little （有一点）几乎没有了have/has got to sth拥有某物，这是一个固定搭配。6.某人“有”某物的表达has/have got (英式)= has/have(美式)。has/have got. (英式)其中has/have当助动词使用。has/have.(美式)的助动词是does /doHe has got a new car=He has a new car. I havent got a large house. = I dont have a large house.Has he got a new car?Does he have a new car?7. What about vegetables?What about? 又怎么样？-Your mother is fine. What about your father? -Ill go shopping. What about you?我要去逛商店，你呢？ What about?= How about? 可以用来表建议。-What about a cup of tea? Thats great.8. I hope that youve got some money. hope v. 希望，这个单词很特殊，是不及物动词，所以不能hope sb to do sth的结构，而是用hope that.或hope to do.同样的：expect也是不及物动词， 但 wish 是及物动词vt.I hope that you have got some money. = I wish you have got some money.-hope to do sth 希望做某事-I hope to see him now. -I hope to get a new car. -Everyone hopes to live a happy life. -I hope that you can come back early. -I hope that I havent made any mistakes.9. money n. 钱，不可数名词-He has a lot of money. Hes rich. -Which is more important, love or money? -Money can not buy everything.10. thing n. 事情，东西-What is that small thing? 那小东西是什么？-I have many things to do. 我有许多事情要做。-something 某物，某事不定代词-Something must be wrong with my car. -I hope to get something to eat.-anything 任何事情，任何东西不定代词，用于否定、疑问句-Do you have anything to tell me? 你有事要告诉我吗？-I dont have anything to do today. 我今天没事可做。-nothing 没有事，没有任何东西不定代词-I have no money, no house, no love. I have nothing. -There is nothing I can do. -I hear nothing.11.复习“主语be going to +动词原形”表示“打算、计划做某事”I am going to buy a car.He is going to play football after school.12. 修饰可数和不可数名词的形容词或介词短语修饰可数名词修饰可数不名词两者皆可a lot of= lots of=manya lot of= lots of=mucha lot of= lots ofsome/any some/anysome/anya fewa littlenot manynot muchfewlittlenot anynot anynot any由多到少a lot of=lots of(很多，可数和不可数名词都可修饰) many(很多，只修饰可数名词)much(很多，只修饰不可数名词) some/any(一些，可数和不可数名词都可修饰，some多用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句)a few (一点，只修饰可数名词，用于肯定形式)a little(一点，只修饰不可数名词，用于肯定形式) not many(没大有，只修饰可数名词)not much(没大有，只修饰不可数名词) few (几乎没有，只修饰可数名词，用于否定形式)little(几乎没有，只修饰可数名词，用于否定形式)not any(没有，可数和不可数名词都可修饰)-I have got a little money. 我还有一些钱。 -I have got little money. 我几乎没有钱了。如果比较的话：a lot of=lots of=many>>some/any>>a few>>not many>>few>>not anya lot of=lots of=much>>some/any>>a little>>not much>>little>>not any练习： 我的狗有许多红色的球。（种表达，英式美式各种） 他哥哥有很多钱。（种表达，英式美式各种） 玛丽有一些咖啡。（种表达，英式美式各种） 他们有一些白色的花。（种表达，英式美式各种） 他有一点土豆。（种表达，英式美式各种） 仓有一点糖。（种表达，英式美式各种） 我们没大有西红柿了。（种表达，英式美式各种） 我们没大有牛奶了。（种表达，英式美式各种） 几乎没有钱了。（种表达，英式美式各种） 几乎没有朋友。（种表达，英式美式各种） 爸爸没有茶了。（种表达，英式美式各种） 你没有苹果了。（种表达，英式美式各种）