初中英语语法—人称代词物主代词反身代词讲解与练习(5页).doc
-初中英语语法人称代词物主代词反身代词讲解与练习-第 5 页初中英语：人称代词 、物主代词和反身代词讲与练一、定义与分类代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。综观历年中考情况，在这九类代词中，不定代词一直是中考英语的重点。二：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词用法概述这三种代词都有人称（一、二、三人称）的变化、数（单、复数）的变化，以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）的变化。其中，人称代词除了这三种变化外，还有格（主格、宾格）的变化。物主代词又包括两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意：形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。这三种代词的形式变化表如下：人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单 数Imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits无itself复 数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves三、人称代词的用法1) 定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数（单数、复数）以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）三方面与被指代的名词一致。如：Tom is a boy, and he（代指第三人称单数Tom） is a student.Mary is very pretty, and she（代指第三人称单数Mary） likes singing.The boys are students, and they（代指第三人称复数数The boys） are in the room.The dog is small. It（代之第三人称单数The dog） is Tom's.人称代词的句法功能A)人称代词有主格和宾语之分：主格用作主语和表语，宾格用作宾语。如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher. (主语)She and I are good friends(主语). Neither she nor I am student.I saw the boys this morning.Are you sure it was they(表语)?B) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语，或者介词的宾语。如：I saw him at the party(动词see的宾语).I haven't seen them recently. (动词see的宾语)I bought a book for them.(作介词for的宾语)=I bought them a book.(作介词buy的间接宾语)注意： a.在口语中，人称代词的主格形式作表语时，常常可以用宾格替换。如：It can't be he/him. / Is this Mr. Green?Yes, this is he/him.b. 在口语中，当人称代词用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时，用主格 (较正式) 和宾格 (较口语化) 均可以。如：He sings better than I/me. 他比我唱得好。/ You know more than she/her.She is as tall as me (me=I am).c. 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它充当的是主语也是如此。如：“I like English.” “Me too=I like English too.” “我喜欢英语。”“我也喜欢。”Who did it? Them.(=They did it)四、物主代词的用法1）定义：物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语，相当于一个形容词，不能单独使用；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，相当于一个名词词组，只能单独使用，在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如：Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.（形容词性物主代词its作name的定语） My sister lost her bicycle. （形容词性物主代词her作bicycle的定语）Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词)2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能 a. 作主语如： May I use your pen? Yours (=your pen) works better. b. 作宾语如：I love my motherland as much as you love yours (=your motherland). 我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。c. 作介词宾语I am writing with your pen, not with mine(=my pen).d. 作表语如：My life is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。3） 形容词性物主代词的用法A) 形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,其顺序是:形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词。如: My new bike 我的新自行车 her young son 她年幼的儿子B) 形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词可以是单数,也可以是复数。如: my pen我的钢笔 his books他的书C) 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,它后面必须跟名词,即在名词前作定语。如:这是我的钢笔.误This pen is my.（错误的原因：my在此句中单独使用）正This is my pen.D) 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词来修饰名词（注：冠词包括定冠词the和不定冠词a, an两类）。如:那是我的自行车.误That is my a bike. / That is a bike. 错误原因：不定冠词a和形容词性物主代词my同时出现 正That is my bike.3)当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用指示代词this, that, these或those来修饰名词。如:他们的电脑在这儿。误Their those computers are here.(或Those their computers are here.) 错误原因：指示代词those和形容词性物主代词there同时出现正Their computers are here. 注意：A) 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词，或代词one。它总是单独出现在句中。如：The umbrella is mine.（mine=my umbrella） He likes my pen. He doesnt like hers.(hers=her pen) B) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 为避免重复使用名词，通常可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。 如：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag，可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. C) 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 -'s属格结构.如： Jack's cap 意为 The cap is Jack's. His cap 意为 The cap is his. D) 可以说 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)，=one of my friends；但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)这种说法绝对错误。E) 有时同一个结构用不用物主代词会导致含义的变化。如：Dont lose heart. 别灰心（lose heart：灰心）She lost her heart to Jim. 她爱上了吉姆。（lose ones heart to sb: 爱上某人）五、反身代词的用法1）定义：如人称代词一致，反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。2）反身代词的句法功能反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时，主要用于加强被修饰词的语气，可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。如：He himself was a doctor. (同位语)=He was a doctor himself.She is too young to look after herself. （宾语）I don't blame you, I blame myself(宾语).He cut himself when he was cooking. (宾语)That poor boy was myself.（表语）那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。注意：反身代词用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如：I'll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。He doesn't feel himself today.他今天感觉身体不舒服Im not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。 代词部分练习题(课堂练习)第一部分 人称代词的练习题一、 按要求写出相应的人称代词。1.I(宾格) _ 2.she(宾格) _ 3.we(宾格)_ 4.it(主格) _ 5.them(主格) _ 6.him(主格) _ 7.she(复数)_ 8.us(单数) _ 9.I(复数)_ 10.him(复数) _ 11.you(单数) _ 二、选择适当的人称代词填空。1. (He/I) is my father.2. (She/They) are Toms grandparents.3. (We/I) am Jims new friend.4. Look at that white dog. (They/It) is my brothers.5. Where are (you/he) from?6.-Do you like collecting stamps? -Yes, (you/we) do.三、用人称代词的主格或宾格填空。1.Please pass the ball to_ (他).2. _ (她)is watching a running race.3.Would you like to go with _ (我们)?4. Tomorrow is my fathers birthday. This present is for _ （他）.5. The ball is Su Hais. Please give_ to _ .6.-What are Toms sisters doing? - _ are watching TV.第二部分 物主代词的练习题一、 翻译下列词组。1.她的手表 2.我们的学校 3.我最喜欢的季节 4.他的明信片 5.你的新自行车 6.他们的教室 二、填入适当的物主代词。1. _ (他的)coat is black, _ (她的)is red.2.whose wallet is this? -Its _ (我的)wallet.3.whose wallet is this? -Its _ (我的).4.Are these _ (你们的)skateboards? -Yes, they are _ (我们的).5. Im a new student. _ name is Helen.6. Nancy is my cousin. _eyes are big.7. We are students. _ school is very nice.8.What do people usually do at Spring Festival? -They visit _ relatives and friends.三、将下列表格补充完整。 Iyoutheymehimherusmyitsmineyoursitstheirs第三部分 反身代词练习题（）1.She can't seem to help( ). And no one else can help her, either. A) him B) himself C) her D) herself （）2.Children can usually dress( )by the age of five. A) themselves B) them C) himself D) hers （）3. She had lost her notebook, would you like to lend her( )? A) your B) yours C) yourself D) mine（）4. John behaved so strangely today. I thought he wasn't acting like( ). A) him B) himself C) he D) itself
