直接引语和间接引语的用法(7页).doc

-直接引语和间接引语的用法-第 7 页直接引语和间接引语的用法 直接引用别人的原话叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语要加引号。间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语时，句中的人称、动词时态、指示代词、某些状语等都要视说话的实际情况作相应的变化。例如： She said,“I will come this evening.” She said that she would go that evening. She said,“Where are you going?” She asked me where I was going. 陈述句变为间接引语时应注意的几个问题 若直接引语是陈述句，其变间接引语时，应把直接引语变成由that引导的宾语从句。从句之前常用say、tell等动词。除了人称上相应变化外，还应注意如下几点。 一、主句与从句时态一致的原则1)如果主句时现在的某种时态，（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：He says he has returned my book to me. 2)主句中的动词时态如果是过去时态，直接引语中的谓语动词时态要做如下变化： 直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 例如： He said,“I have left my book in your room.” He told me that he had left his book in my room. 他告诉我他把书丢在我房间里了。 He said,“I am busy.” He said that he was busy. 他说他很忙。 Betty said,“I'll be waiting for your call.” Betty said that she would be waiting for my call. 贝蒡说她将等候我的电话。 2)在下列情况下，变间接引语时，时态不发生如上相应变化： 直接引语中，如果表示过去的时间状语用来表示事态发生或存在的具体时间，变间接引语时，其谓语动词仍用一般过去时；例如： Mr Brown said,“I flew to London in 1981.” Mr Brown said that he flew to London in 1981. 直接引语中的过去完成(进行)时，在间接引语中时态不变；例如： He said,“My brother had been a worker for two years before he came here.” He said that his brother had been a worker for two years before he came here 间接引语中动词所表示的动作或状态说话时仍继续进行或存在时，其时态不变；例如： “I am forty.”he said. He said that he is forty. 转述习惯性动作、客观事实或科学真理时，其时态不变；例如： He said,“China is in Asia.” He said that China is in Asia. 引述动词为现在时，间接引语中的动词可保持原来时态；例如： He says,“I have accepted her invitation.” He says that he has accepted her invitation. 如果直接引语用虚拟语气，变间接引语时，仍用原来的动词形式；例如： “I insist that you give up smoking,”said the doctor. The doctor insisted that he give up smoking. 如果直接引语中有无过去时形式的情态动词，如must,ought to等，变间接引语时，可用原来形式，也可用其他形式；例如： He said,“All men must die.” He said that all men must die.(表示必然) He said,“You must be fond of music.” He said that I must be fond of music.(表示推测)如果直接引语是以would like作谓语的特殊疑问句，间接引语中would like不变； 如果直接引语是一般疑问句，like之后接动名词或名词作宾语，间接引语中would like也不变；例如： He asked,“What else would you like?” He asked what else I would like. He said,“Would you like a cup of tea?” He asked if I would like a cup of tea. 时间状语从句中的一般过去时或过去进行时，在间接引语中保持不变；例如： John said,“When I lived in New York, I often saw Jane.” John said when he lived in New York he often saw(had often seen) Jane. 3)直接引语变间接引语时，有关的指示代词、地点及时间状语也作如下相应改变： 直接引语 间接引语This thatThese thoseago before now then today that day tonight that night this week(month) that week(month) tomorrow the next day; the following day yesterday the day before last week(month) the week(month) before next week(month) the next week(month);the following week the day before yesterday two days before the day after tomorrow two days after here there She said,“I'll come here again tonight.” She said that she would go there that night. She said,“I arrived yesterday morning.” She said that she had arrived the morning before. 4)在特定的情况下，时间及地点状语也可不变。 表示具体年、月、日。例如： Mary said,“My parents arrived on April 24,1990.” Mary told me that her parents arrived on April 24,1990. 说话和引述正好好在同一天、同一星期或同一月。例如： He said,“My brother is leaving for Hongkong tomorrow.” He told me that his brother was leaving tomorrow.(说话和引述都在同一天) 如果说话人所在的地点就是引述人所在的地点，那么here不再变成there。例如： “I live here,”he said. He said he lived there.(引述时地点改变) He said he lived here.(引述时地点未变)疑问句变为间接引语时应注意的几个问题 疑问句变为间接引语时，除了注意动词的时态、人称代词、指示代词以及时间和地点状语变化外，还要注意词序的变化。例如： He asked,“Who is he?” He asked who he was. 疑问句种类不同，变间接引语时也不同。1) 1) 一般疑问句变间接引语时，要把原疑问句变成由whether或if引导的宾语从句。例如： He said,“Are you ready?” He asked me if I was ready. He asked me,“Do you know Smith?” He asked me whether I knew Smith. 2)有的这类问句徒具形式，实际上并非提出问题，只是表示一种委婉的请求或提出建议、劝告等。引述这种句子时，通常用“ask(或advise)+宾语+不定式”结构；或用“suggest + 动名词”结构来表示某种请求或劝告。 He said to the stranger,“Will you show me the way to the theatre?” He asked the stranger to show him the way to the theatre. “Shall we listen to the music?” He suggested listening to the music. 3)反意疑问句变间接引语时，通常也变成由whether或if引导的宾语从句。例如： “They study in No. 20 Middle School,don't they?” He asked whether they studied in NO.20 Middle School. “You have already got well, haven't you?”she asked. She asked if I(或he) had already got well. 4)选择疑问句变间接引语时，通常变为由whetheror(较少使用ifor)引导的宾语从句。例如： I asked him,“Are you satisfied or not?” I asked him whether or not he was satisfied. He asked,“Are you a doctor or a nurse?” He asked me whether I was a doctor or a nurse. 5)特殊疑问句变间接引语时，要把原疑问句变成由原疑问词(代词或副词)引导的宾语从句。例如： He said,“Where have you been?” He asked me where I had been. He asked,“How are you getting along?” He asked us how we were getting along. 用疑问代词引导宾语从句时，如果谓语动词是be动词，有的句子可能有两种不同的语序。例如： “What is the matter?”he asked. What was the matter. He asked What the matter was. He asked,“Who is that man?” Who that man was. He askedWho was that man.祈使句变为间接引语时应注意的几个问题 祈使句变间接引语，通常将say改为ask或tell、order等动词，构成ask(或tell或order)sb.to do sth.结构。原祈使句如果是否定的，要在不定式结构前加not。原祈使句中如果带有please一词，间接引语中亦不再使用。例如： “Please open the window,”he said. He asked me to open the window. He said,“Don't do that again.” He told me not to do that again. 以Let开头的祈使句变为间接引语时，有下列几种形式： 1)Let's如果表示某种建议，变间接引语时，要用“suggest+动名词”或“suggest+宾语从句”结构(从句谓语用should+动词原形)。例如： Our teacher said,“Let's go boating together.” Our teacher suggested going boating together. Our teacher suggested that we (should) go boating together. 2)Let祈使句作“允许、同意”解，变间接引语时，可按一般祈使句变间接引语的规律进行。例如： “Let her come with me, mother. I'll take good care of her.”said Tom. Tom asked his mother to let her go with him and promised to take good care of her.2) 2) Let him(或them)表示“建议”时，其间接引语用应suggest + 动名词复合结构或suggest(或say)+宾语从句(从句谓语用should + 动词原形)。 Mother said,“Let him go to school.” Mother suggested his going to school. Mother suggested that he (should) go to school. 4)Let's not单独用来回答一个肯定的建议时，其间接引语一般使用be against或oppose the idea等短语。例如： “Let's sell the old car and buy a new one,”said Peter. “Let's not,”said Mary.Peter suggested selling the old car and buying a new one,but Mary was against it. 直接引语变间接引语练习题1He said: “Ive left my book in my room.”2She said: “He will be busy.”3She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”4She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”5The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”6The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.”7The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”8The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”9My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”10The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”11He said, “We are still students.12He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”13The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”14He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” 15She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.16Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”17He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.18She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”19I said to him, “I have finished it.”20She said to us,“ Ill come here tomorrow.”21“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked.22“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily. 23“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. 24“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.25“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.直接引语变间接引语专练题（二）.单项选择1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do