初中英语语法之副词(3页).doc

-初中英语语法之副词-第 3 页副词（Adverbial）1.副词的基本功能是修饰动词、形容词和副词，在句中主要用作状语，也可用作定语和表语，可以表示时间、地点、程度方式等。(1) She did not speak to him politely. (修饰动词)(2) Im much better today. (修饰形容词比较级)(3) He runs very slowly. (修饰副词)(4) Luckily, he got the first in the composition. (修饰整句句子)(5) My mother is out. (作表语)(6) People there were waving their hands and shouting. (作定语)在形式上，许多副词由相应的形容词带后缀-ly 构成，如：badly、quickly，有些则与形容词同形，如high、fast、far等。注意：以辅音+y （读作/I/）结尾的形容词变副词时，须把变，再，如easily、happily等。2.副词的位置有以下三种：1)放句末，若同事有几个副词作状语，排列顺序为：方式、地点、时间。Henry worked well here yesterday.2)放句首，修饰全句或强调副词。Still, in spite of what you say, I dont think it is true.3)频率副词或其他表示程度或不确定时间的副词，放在谓语动词之前，be动词、情态动词或第一个助动词之后。如：almost, always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, just, nearly, quite, hardly, still, already, certainly, really 等。(1) He usually goes to bed lately at night.(2) She is sometimes late for a meeting.3.形容词与副词的比较1)有些形容词可作副词，词类不同，词义相近。a fast train (adj.快的) run fast (adv.块地)a straight line (adj.直的) go straight ahead (adv.直接地)这样的词还有early, daily, deep, low, high, little, loud, much, near, slow, wide等。2)有些词既可用作形容词，也可用作副词，词形相近，词义、词性不同。(1) a hard stone (adj.坚硬的) study hard (adv.努力地)Its hard to say. (adj.困难的)(2) He is sitting still. (adj.不动地) Its still raining. (adv.仍然)(3) He draws very well. (adv.非常) He is the very man Im looking for. (adj.正是)(4) Youre right. (adj.正确的) Its right in my pocket. (adv.就、正)(5) She is a pretty girl. (adj.漂亮的) Its pretty cold. (adv.相当地)(6) You should be just to him. (adj.公正的) We were just caught in the rain. (adv.刚好)3)很多adj.+ly 便构成与原词词义相同的副词，但有些则构成词义完全不同的副词。再如：bad坏的badly非常地、厉害地near近的nearly几乎、将近most最大mostly多半、几乎fair公平的fairly相当地4)少数形容词与它的副词通用(1) The sun was shining bright (brightly).(2) Dont talk so loud (loudly).(3) They walked slow (slowly) down the path.(4) Hold tight (tightly).5)在连系动词后用形容词作表语，不用副词。(1) The news sound terrible.（不用terribly ）(2) The rose smells sweet.(3) The food tastes good. (不用well)(4) She looks beautiful.