仁爱版八年级英语下册知识点归纳(23页).doc

-仁爱版八年级英语下册知识点归纳-第 23 页仁爱版八年级英语下册知识点归纳Unit5  feeling  happyTopic 1 why all the smiling faces?一、           重点词汇1、cruel   残忍的            2、 silly  傻的            3、smile 微笑4、rich  富裕的              5、proud  骄傲的          6、taste 品尝7、smell 问起来              8、set  设置              9、able  能够10、since  自从。          11、lively 活泼的          12、play 玩13、mad  发疯的             14、please 请；令人高兴的  15、marry 结婚16、main  主要的             17、role 角色             18、express 表达19、culture  文化              20、peace 和平二、重点短语1 Why all the smiling faces?  为什么你们都笑容满面。2 You look so excited.  你看起来很兴奋。3 invite/ ask sb to do sth  邀请某人做某事4 one of  其中之一  one of +限定词+名词的复数 表示“其中的一个。”例如：比较对错one of the boys    one of the boy5 prepare sth for sb= get sth ready for sb  为某人准备好某事6 say thanks / hello / sorry / goodbye to sb  向某人说声谢谢/ 你好/抱歉/再见7 None of  没有一个8 What a shame / pity.  真遗憾。9 get the ticket to = buy the ticket for  买到。的票10 not at all  一点也不11 What do you like best? = Whats your favorite?  你最喜欢什么？12 be proud of = take pride in  为。感到骄傲13 be worried about = worry about  为。而担心， 担心。14 wait in line  排队等候15 be pleased with sb = be satisfied with sb  对某人感到满意   be pleased at sth  为某事而感到高兴16 taste delicious 尝起来美味    smell terrible  闻起来恶心       17 set the table  摆放餐具18 have a temperature = have a fever  发烧19 I hope everything goes well.  我希望一切进展顺利。20 ring up sb       ring sb up  打电话给某人21 be able to  能够22 of all time = all the time  一直，总是23 care for = take care of = look after  照顾24 because of  因为，由于25 cheer up        cheer sb up  使。兴奋起来26 at last = in the end = finally  最后，最终     at the end of  在。的末尾27 be on  上演              tell a story = tell stories  讲故事28 on the / ones way to  在去往。的路上               29 be with a history of 200 years = have a history of 200 years=have 200 years of history  有着两百年的历史30 come into being   形成                       31 be full of   充满，装满           32 ( have a ) fight against sb  与某人打架/吵架                           make peace with sb  与某人和解33 end with  以。结束         start / begin with  以。开始34 连系动词+形容词表系表结构be /look /smell /taste /sound /feel /become /get /turn  35. funny plays 滑稽剧     36.agreen with  sb.同意某人    37. facial paintings 脸谱三、重点语法1. Linking verb + adjective   系动词+形容词,构成系表结构.系动词：be (是)feel  look  sound  taste  turn  get  become  smell  seem 等等For example :The food tastes delious.注意：（1）. 有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。如:feel, taste等词。例如:-Do you like the material?-Yes, it feels very soft.（2）. 一般情况下,连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。例如:Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.（3）. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时,不加冠词。例如:Twenty years later, he turned teacher.The population growth in China remains a problem.（4）. 连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常见的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如:Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.2. hope 与wish 的比较都与that引导的从句连用Hope常用于将来时表可能实现的愿望 Wish常用于过去式表示不可能实现的愿望For example : I hope that you will be happy.            I wish that you could be happy.3. 动词-ing 和-ed形式作主语补语的区别动词-ing表示主语的特征，常用于事物动词-ed表示主语的状态，常用于人这类词有：interest  move  active  disappoint  excite  surprise  frighten  bore等等For example：The game is interesting.             I am interested in the game.4表示能力的词Could  表示过去的能力  Can表示现在的能力  be able to 表示过去，现在，将来任何时候的能力将来时态（shall will be able to-）Unit 5 Topic 2一、重点词汇：1 Exam测试    shy，strict，especially，stranger，accept，advice，deal，example，fail，normal，kill，refuse，hit，though，understand，asleep，suggestion，experience，soft，二、重点短语1 seem to +V   似乎        2 do badly in = be bad at  不擅长于某一方面3 be strict with  对。严格要求4 need to do sth    需要做某事5 take it easy  放轻松，别紧张6 try to do sth  尽力做某事        try doing sth    尝试做某事try on   试穿    try ones best to do sth   尽某人最大努力做某事 7 at ones age  在某人这一年龄的时候8 tell a joke = tell jokes  讲笑话             9 make / let / have sb do   让某人做某事      get / ask / tell sb to do10 be sure (that )  确信。         be sure to  一定会11 as as  和。一样        not as / so as   不如。12 How time flies! = How quickly the time flies!  光阴似箭。13 be used to  习惯于做某事       used to do sth  过去常常做某事14 deal with = do with  处理，对付15 for example  例如16 learn from   向。学习        learn to do sth  学习做某事17 refuse to do sth       拒绝做某事18 be angry with sb = be mad at sb   生某人的气      19 even though / if  尽管20 not any longer = no longer            不再not any more / anymore = no more21 by oneself 靠自己                  22 fall asleep  入睡                  23 give sb a hand = do sb a favor = help sb  帮助某人24 in ones teens   在某人十几岁的时候              25 take part in = join in    参加，加入                     26 clam down             clam sb down  使某人平静下来三、重点语法：5. 原因状语从句引导词：because   since  so 等，但是因为，所以不能同时出现For example：He is ill, so he isnt able to come.            She is lonely because she has no friends to talk with.            Since she is very strict with herself ,she is unhappy.6. always常用于一般现在时表示频繁发生的动作但与现在进行时态连用表是厌恶，责备，赞扬的语气For example:  She is always talking about money.7. cant  表示一种否定的推测You cant have SARS.  must   表示一种肯定的推测It must be sunny day tomorrow9. 英语语法as.as、soas、sothat和tooto的用法区别soas只用于否定句，asas不但可用于肯定句，还可用于否定句asas中的第一个as是副词,后接形容词或副词的原形;第二个as是连词,引导比较状语从句.例如:Jack is as tall as you. 杰克和你一样高.     Jim is not so/as brave as you. 吉姆不如你聪明.sothat  如此以至于(只能引导结果状语从句,的后面多接形容词、副词或分词,后接句子.        例如:The house was so crowded that I could hardly turned around. 屋里很挤,我几乎都无法转身了.tooto 太以至于不能(too为副词,后接形容词或者副词,to为不定式的标志,这个不定式短语本身带有否定含义.)  例如:The box is too heavy for her to carry it.  对于她来说,这个箱子太重了,以至于她搬不动.Unit 5 Topic 3一、重点词汇：1、nervous 紧张的，      2、bitter             3、test   测试，4、monitor班长，         5、speech  ，        6、passport，7、moon 月亮，     8、thought   虽然，          9、spirit 精神的10、decision 决定， 11、sense 感觉， 12、boss 老板，13、decide 决定二、重点短语1 make me feel nervous  使我感到紧张的 make me want to sleep  使我想去睡觉    2 follow the doctors advice   依据医生的建议3 I hope so.   我希望如此。4 at the end of  在、的末端     in the end = at last  最后5 Take it easy.  别紧张6 help sb to do 帮助某人做某事   help sb with sth 帮助某人某事7 learn by oneself = teach oneself   自学8 Thats very nice of you.  你是多么的好啊！9 in a good / bad mood 愉悦的心情   in good spirits 良好的精神10 smile at life  笑对人生11 give a surprise to sb = give sb a surprise 给某人惊喜12 in hospital  住院      in the hospital  在医院13 get together with sb  与某人相聚在一起14 try out   尝试                               15 so、that   如此、以致16 get help from sb  得到某人的帮助17 make important decisions   做一个重要的决定      18 think over   考虑19 a sense of happiness  高兴的感觉  20 get along / on with sb 与某人相处的融洽三、重点语法8. 使役动词（让使）make  let  have 的用法make +宾语(省约to 的不定式)动词make+宾语名词We make him team leader.make +宾语形容词It make me happy.Let+宾语(省约to 的不定式)动词.Have+宾语+(省约to 的不定式)动词老师叫John到办公室拿他的书。The teather made(had ) John get his book in the office.爸爸让我明天下午看电视。Father let me watch TV tomorrow afternoon.10.  few ;       a  few ;       little;       a  little的用法和区别. (a) few与 (a) little的区别 从所修饰的名词来看：(a) few后接可数名词，且要用复数形式；(a) little后接不可数名词。如：We had little time to do it. 我们没什么时间做此事。Theres only a little soup left. 只剩下一点儿汤了。He has few friends. 他朋友很少。Ill only be away a few minutes. 我只离开几分钟。从所表示的意思来看：上面提到，两者均可表示数量，其主要区别是，(a) few后接可数名词，(a) little后接不可数名词。但是，(a) little还可表示大小。如：Please accept this little gift请接受这件小小的礼物。There are several little towns along the river. 沿河有几个小镇。注意体会下面两句，前面的little表示形状或个子“小”，后面的little表示数量“少”：The little boy is very busy. He has little time to play. 这个小男孩很忙，他很少有时间玩。Its a little animal. It eats only a little food. 那是一个小动物，它只吃一点点食物。 从各自的词性来看：在词性方面，两者的共同点是，均可用作形容词或代词；其不同点是，(a) little 还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语。如：He is a little tired. 他有点累了。They are a little bit better now. 现在他们稍好一点了。You should walk a little faster. 你应该走快一点。She was only a little over fifty years old她才五十多一点。有 a 与没有 a 的区别不带 a 的little和few 含有否定意义，表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调“少”；带有a 的little和few含有肯定意义，表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”。比较：Few people like such things. 没什么人喜欢那样的东西。A few people like such things. 有少数人喜欢那样的东西。He knows little English. 他几乎不懂英语。He knows a little English. 他懂一点点英语。注意，当few前不带 a，但带有the, some these, those等修饰语时，也表示肯定意义。如：Some few have already left. 有几个已经离开了。The last few winters have been very cold过去几个冬天都很冷。The first few chapters are about his early days前几章谈他的少年时期。思维拓展注意两者比较级和最高级的用法及区别：little的比较级和最高级分别为less和least，few的比较级和最高级分别为fewer和fewest。如：Boys think less about dress than girls do. 男孩子不像女孩子那样爱打扮。He has the least money of all of us. 他是我们大家中钱最少的。Fewer radios were sold this year than last. 今年卖掉的收音机比去年少。He tried to finish the work with least money and fewest people. 他设法要用最少的钱和最少的人去完成这项工作。Unit 6 Topic 1一、           重点词汇1、field 田地，        2、trip 旅游，        3、vehicle  车辆，    4、airline  航班，      5、raise  筹集，      6、discuss  讨论，7、book  预定，       8、railway 铁路，     9、cinema   电影院，10、condition 条件 ，   11、comfortable  舒适的，   12、standard   标准的，13、draw 抽奖，画，     14、land 着陆，土地二、重点短语：1 go on  继续    go on a spring field trip 继续去春游go on a visit / trip to =have a visit /trip to 2 decide on   致力于   decide to do sth 决定做某事  make a decision  决定3 My pleasure. = Its a / my pleasure.   我很乐意4 Have a good trip. 玩得愉快    Have a good / wonderful time.5 see the sunrise  看日出6 raise money  筹集钱  make / earn money  赚钱save money节省钱7 book / order sth for sb  为某人预定、8 pay for  付、的钱9 make a reservation          make a hotel reservation10 plan to do sth 计划做某事11 work out  解决    work it / them out12 the cost of  、    、的花费    the price of  、的价格13 come up with 14 look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事15 hear from = get / receive a letter from  收到、来信 16 in the day / daytime  在白天   at night 在晚上     in the evening  在晚上17 the sea of clouds  云海18 place of interest  有趣的地方三、重点语法1、动词不定式  Help sb （to）do sth  帮助某人做某事（1）   tell / ask / order / want / teach sb to do sth; 例如：Mother told me not to play in the street. 妈妈告诉我，不要在马路上玩。（2）   see / hear / watch / notice / feel / make / let / have sb do sth;例如：I often heard him sing in the next room. 我常听见他在隔壁唱歌。Unit 6 Topic 2一、重点词汇  1、 receive 收到，        2、perfect 完美地，     3、camp  野营，4、face 面对，脸；        5、north   北方，  6、space 空间，7、push  推，            8、direction  方向，    9、step 步，阶段；10、 rush  冲，   11、notice 注意，   12、huge  巨大的，  13、guard 警戒二、重点短语1 speak to  对某人说话2 be busy doing sth   忙着做某事3 ride ones bicycle to = cycle to   骑自行车去、4 would like sb to do sth = want sb to do sth  想要做某事5 come along with sb  跟着某人6 at the foot of  、底部       at the top of  、顶部7 spread over   延伸             8 the beginning / start  of  、的开始9 on both sides of = on each side of = on either side of 两边10 make sure be sure 确定11 at the back  在背后12 two and a half hours = two hours and a half  两个半小时13 tell good from bad  14 in the of  在、里  on the of 在、边上   to the of相隔15 be surprised at sth 对某事吃惊    be surprised to do sth   to ones surprise16 in different directions在不同的方向  in all directions 在所有方向17 step on ones toes18 rush out of  冲出19 out of sight 看不到      out of ones sight     20 each other = one another  每一个21 ride to 骑自行车去22 be famous for     因、而出名   be famous as 作为、出名23 cant / couldnt help doing  禁不住做某事24 here and there = every where   到处25 thank goodness  谢天谢地26 have fun doing sth  做某事很有趣；Unit 6 Topic 31 be popular with 受.的欢迎2 get / be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事3 be afraid of doing sth = be afraid to do sth  害怕做某事4 obey / follow the traffic rules   遵守交通规则         break the traffic rules 违反交通规则5 avoid air pollution  避免空气污染        avoid doing sth 避免做某事6 Its easy to park bikes. 很容易停放自行车7 adj 比较级 +_than any other +n = the +adj 最高级 +of all the +n复8 slow down  减速9 run into = knock into           run to10 warn sb to do sth 警告某人做某事  warn sb not to do sth =warn sb against doing sth 警告某人不要做某事11 in danger 危险中12 around the world = all over the world = through out the world  遍及全世界13 times asas是的几倍14 millions of 成百万的           hundreds of millions of15 be born 出生于16 make a comeback17 lead to 导致18 win the race   赛跑获胜          beat sb 击败某人19 It seems impossible to beat him. 击败他似乎是不可能的20 Its certain that.是确定无疑的21 break the record  打破纪录        hold the record 保持记录        set a record 创建记录22 instead of  代替23 decide (not )to do sth 决定(不要)做某事24 go through 经历25 The roads are very difficult to ride on.26 the World Championship   the World Champion  世界冠军27 keep ones mind on doing sth  28 in the middle of在中间29 It is a mistake not to do sth   不做.是一个错误         30 at least = at the least    至少    at most = at the most 至多SECTION  A1.      How are you doing ?你过的好吗？主要用于见面打招呼。How are you ?你好吗？Hello/Hi !喂！ /你好！How do you do ?你好！2.      You look so excited . 你看起来很兴奋。这个句子是连系动词（look）+ 形容词（excited）的结构。这种结构我们通常称为“系表结构”，即连系动词用于连接主语和表语的性质、状态或身份等。（1）   表示状态的连系动词有：Be 是  ，look 看起来，  sound 听起来， taste 尝，品尝， smell 闻起来， feel 感觉，摸起来，seem 似乎， lie 处于状态,  keep 保持,  stay 仍然等.如:  - How are you ? 你好吗？  - Im fine . 我很好。   She felt a bit tired . 她感到有点累。   You are not looking very well . 你气色不到好。   He seemed quite normal . 他看上去很正常。   Jennie, alone, kept silent. 只有珍妮保持沉默。（2）   表示状态变化的连系动词有： Get  变得，  turn  转变，  go  变， fall 变成，  become  变成，  grow  渐渐变得。如：When she saw this ,she turned red . 看到这她脸红了。The weather is getting quite warm . 天气变得非常暖和。After a game they often become very friendly to each other . 比赛结束后，他们之间往往变得很友好。The sea is growing calm . 大海变得平静起来。3.      Oh ,it is one of my favorite movies . 它是我最喜欢的电影之一。（1）   one of 意为“中的一些”。后面常跟名词的复数形式或是表示复数的名词。其谓语动词用单数。如：Jim is one of the lively boys in our class . 吉姆是我们班上活跃的男生之一。One of them is from England . 他们中有一个人来自英格兰。Some of 意为“ 中的一些”。其谓语动词单复数由of 后面的宾语确定。Some of us are Young Pioneers . 我们中有些是少先队员。Some of food goes bad . 一些食物变质了。（2）   favorite adj. 意为“最喜欢的”。如：Who is your favorite writer ?谁是你最喜欢的作家？favorite 相当于 like best .上句可以改成：Which writer do you like best ?  Favorite 可以作名词，表示“最喜欢的人（或事物）”。如：These cakes are great favorites with the children . 孩子们最喜欢这种蛋糕。4.      And we can spend the evening at my house . 我们可以在我家度过那个夜晚。（1）   spend 在这里表示“度过”。如： We spend the weekend in Paris. 我们在巴黎度过周末。    （2）spend 可以表示“花费（时间、金钱）”，其用法有两个：      spend on sth. 在上花费（时间、金钱）spend （in）doing sth. 花费（时间、金钱）做。如：Unit7     Topic  11重点词汇及短语：successful，imagine，soup，biscuit，pancake，cheese，pie，western，Indian，Russian，supply，know about，make money，make a poste