烛之武退秦师文言知识点归纳(6页).doc

-烛之武退秦师文言知识点归纳-第 6 页烛之武退秦师文言知识点汇总一、文学常识左传是中国古代一部（ ）历史著作，全称（ ），原名（ ），它与（ ）、（ ）合称“春秋三传”。相传是春秋末期的史官（ ）所著，左传以春秋为本，通过记述春秋时期的具体史实来说明春秋的纲目。它具有强烈的（ ）思想倾向，强调等级秩序与宗法伦理，重视长幼尊卑之别，同时也表现出“民本”思想，因此也是研究先秦（ ）思想的重要历史资料。 左传不仅是历史著作，也是一部非常优秀的文学著作。它表现在：二、指出下列通假字： 1今老矣，无能为也已                 2共其乏困                         3若不阙秦，将焉取之                 4秦伯说                              5失其所与，不知6.夫晋，何厌之有              三、找出古今异义词并解释：  1.贰于楚也2.吾不能早用子 /今有急而求子3.是寡人之过也 4.若舍郑.以为东道主5.行李之往来6.越国以鄙远7.亦去之8.微夫人之力四、指出加点字词类活用类型 1. 烛之武退秦师2. 以其无礼于晋，且贰于楚也 3.晋军函陵，秦军氾南4.越国以鄙远5.与郑人盟 6.唯君图之 7.既东封郑 8.阙秦以利晋9.既东封郑10.又欲肆其西封11.夜缒而出12.朝济而夕设版焉13.且君尝为晋君赐矣14.越国以鄙远15.共其乏困16.因人之利而敝之17.肆其西封18.邻之厚，君之薄也19.若不阙秦，将焉取之？20.若亡郑而有益于君   五、一词多义1、实词： 鄙 蜀之鄙有二僧                                            为学肉食者鄙，未能远谋                                  曹刿论战我皆有礼，夫犹鄙我                           左传昭公十六年越国以鄙远                                      烛之武退秦师言语粗鄙  许 许君焦、暇                                  烛之武退秦师杂然相许                                            愚公移山潭中鱼可百许头                                      小石潭记大铁椎，不知何许人也                                大铁椎传相去复几许                                        孔雀东南飞微 国势衰微微言大义人微言轻微斯人，吾谁与归？                                 岳阳楼记微夫人之力不及此                               烛之武退秦师微闻有鼠作作索索                                       口技见其发矢十中八九，但微颔之                           卖油翁敝 侯生摄敝衣冠                                 信陵君窃符救赵敝人曹操之众，远来疲敝。                               资治通鉴因人之力以敝之                                   烛之武退秦师辞辞曰：臣之壮也，犹不如人                             桃花源记欲加之罪，何患无辞辞不赴命                                               陈情表归去来兮辞                                         归去来兮辞过过秦论                                                  过秦论是寡人之过也                                     烛之武退秦师以其境过清，不可久居                                 小石潭记一日，大母过余                                       项脊轩志说及郡下，诣太守，说如此                               桃花源记故为之说，以俟夫观人风者得焉                         捕蛇者说秦伯说                                           烛之武退秦师范增说项羽                                             鸿门宴知君知其难也                                       烛之武退秦师失其所与，不知                                   烛之武退秦师官知止而神欲行                                       庖丁解牛其真无马邪？其真不知马也                                 马说从公从之                                            烛之武退秦师臣尝从大王与燕王会境上                         廉颇蔺相如列传择其善者而从之                                           论语一狼得骨止，一狼仍从                                       狼弟走从军阿姨死                                         琵琶行旦日，客从外来                                 邹忌讽齐王纳谏合从缔交，相与为一                                     过秦论亡焉用亡郑以陪邻                  若亡郑而有益于君。 2、虚词 以 以其无礼于晋          敢以烦执事               越国以鄙远                  焉用亡郑以陪邻？           若舍郑以为东道主           以乱易整                   而 今急而求子             若亡郑而有利于君               夜缒而出                    朝济而夕设版焉。            黑质而白章                                          捕蛇者说焉 子亦有不利焉。             焉用亡郑以陪邻？           若不阙秦，将焉取之            以俟夫观人风者得焉                                捕蛇者说朝济而夕设版焉            之公从之                                       唯君图之             辞曰：“臣之壮也，犹不如人                                              是寡人之过也                                夫晋，何厌之有 辍耕之垄上                                            隆中对其以其无礼于晋                                   君知其难也               有蒋氏者，专其利三世矣                              捕蛇者说吾其还也            必先苦其心志                              生于忧患，死于安乐其真无马也，其真不知马也                                马说于乱石间泽其一二者扣之                              石钟山记其孰能讥之乎                                      游褒禅山记圣人之所以为圣，其皆出于此乎                        师说与尔三矢，尔其无忘乃父之志                          伶官传记且以其无礼于晋，且贰于楚也。    且君尝为晋军赐矣                       吾今且报府                                        孔雀东南飞年且九十                                            愚公移山臣死且不避                                            鸿门宴不出，火且尽                                      游褒禅山记存者且偷生                                             石壕吏穷且益坚，不坠青云之志                               滕王阁序且夫天下非小弱也                                      过秦论若山有小口，仿佛若有光                                桃花源记若舍郑以为东 道主                                     更若役，复若赋                                      捕蛇者说曾不若孀妻弱子                                      愚公移山吾儿，久不见若影                                    项脊轩志六、指出句式特征是寡人之过也                         邻之厚，君之薄也                     因人之力以敝之，不仁                 以其无礼于晋，且贰于楚          佚之狐言于郑伯曰                     若亡郑有益于君               夫晋，何厌之有                               七、固定结构积累“所“字结构 形式：所+动词朝济而夕设版焉，君之所知也        共其乏困，君亦无所害    失其所与          八、成语解释秦晋之好：贪得无厌：胜之不武：春秋笔法：九、句子翻译1.越国以鄙远，君知其难也。焉用亡郑以陪邻？邻之厚，君之薄也。2.若舍郑以为东道主，行李之往来，共其乏困，君亦无所害。3.且君尝为晋君赐矣4.夫晋，何厌之有？”既东封郑，又欲肆其西封，若不阙秦，将焉取之？阙秦以利晋，唯君图之。5.子犯请击之，公曰：“不可。微夫人之力不及此。因人之力而敝之，不仁；失其所与，不知；以乱易整，不武。吾其还也。”亦去之。