初级中学英语现在完成时.ppt
现在完成时 The present perfect tense,现在完成时的结构： have/has + done 助动词 过去分词 have：第一、二人称及复数 规则动词 has：第三人称单数 不规则动词 主语+have/has + 过去分词 + 宾语 + 状语,目录,have gone to/have been to,课堂练习,现在完成时的用法,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,比较have been to和have gone to,He has gone to the United States. 他（已经）去美国了。,He has been to the United States. 他（曾经）去过美国。,比较have been to和have gone to,have been to 和have gone to的对比练习,1. Krystal has _ to Shanghai. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. never gone C. went D. gone 2. -Hello, this is Mr.Smith. Can i speak to Mr.Green? - Sorry, He _ the West Lake. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 3. - _ you ever _ to Germany? - Yes, twice. A. have, gone B. have, been C. Do, go D. were, going 4. My sister and i have _ Hangzhou for three years. A. been in B. been to C. gone to D. gone in,现在完成时的用法,1.现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果和影响。 汉语中常用“已经” “过” “了” 等表达，通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just, already, yet, before, never, ever, two times等状语连用。例如：,现在完成时的用法,My mother has just gone out. 我母上大人刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面 Have you milked the cow yet? 你牛奶挤了没？ I have never heard that before. 我从来没听说过啊 提到现在完成时你还能想到其他单词吗？,现在完成时的用法,2.表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如： recently, lately, for. since等。 如： I havent seen you recently. 最近没怎么见到你耶 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了 My dog Kiki has been with our family since I was 16. 我狗狗琪琪从我16岁的时候就跟我们在一起了,since 和for 的区别,注：since 和for 的区别 since后+时间点，如：2001，yesterday， last week, the time i got there, November等 表示”自从” for后+一段时间，表示“长达多久” 如ten years. three days, a while等,for和since对比联系,Tim has been in British _ Monday. Tom has been in British _ two weeks. Her sister has lived in Australia _ three years Elizabeth is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. India has been an independent country _ 1974. The train is late. I have been waiting _ 30 minutes. Michael has been ill _ a long time. He has been in hospital _ December.,since,for,for,since,since,for,for,since,注意：表示短暂性的动词如 arrive, leave, buy, burrow, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示时间的状语连用（不能和since, for, how long连用）,True or False?,He has come here for two years. F The old man has died for five months. F They have left only for three minutes. F 请把以上三个句子改正确 He has been here for two years. The old man has been dead for five months. They have been out only for three minutes.,注意：现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last month, in 1988, just now, four days ago,True or False Tim has written a letter to his pen pal last night. F Tim wrote a letter to his pen pal last night. T,一般过去时,现在完成时和一般过去时的比较,1. 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响，强调影响。 试比较下列对话 -I want to see the film Doraemon tonight, will you go with me? -Id like to, but I have seen it with my mother. - Well, ok . When did you see it? - I saw the film last weekend.,现在完成时和一般过去时的比较,2. 一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用； 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week, ago, in June, in 1980, just now -具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, recently, yet, just, till/until, up to now, in the past few years.-模糊的时间状语,现在完成时和一般过去时的比较,3. 现在完成可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, study, learn, work, know等； 一般过去时常用的非延续性动词有come, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。,试比较下列句子,He joined the army three years ago. （加入的动作不是延续的） He has been in the army for three years/ since three years ago. ( 在部队里的状态可延续） He has been an army member for three years/since three years ago. (是部队一员的状态可延续）,课堂练习,( ) 1. Where have you _ these days？ - I have _ to Lijiang with my friends. A. been, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. gone, gone ( ) 2. How long have _ you this book? A. bought B. borrow C. had D. lent ( ) 3.Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? - Yes, I _ it last night. A. have, see B. have, have seen C. have, seen D. have, saw ( ) 4. He has never ridden a horse before, _ ? A. Is he B. isnt he C. hasnt he D. has he,1. Sally took a photo of her friends while they _ computer games. A. play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing 2. The last time I _ to the cinema was two years ago. A. go B. have gone C. have been D. went 3.Mark _ in China for ten years and now he teaches Chinese in Britain.( A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. is working,Thanks,
