初级中学英语语法现在完成时精讲.ppt

现在完成时,the Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时,助动词have (has)+过去分词done,二、现在完成时用法,过影响现,过持续到现在,两“去”,I cant find my pen. I have lost it.,Have you finished it yet ?,He has worked here for a year.,I have been in this school since 1999 .,He has been to China twice.,He isnt here. He has gone to the library.,2020/10/19,4,现在完成时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,三、现在完成时时间标志词,have/has + V过分 1.持续 2.影响 时间标志词：,already,never,ever,just,since+时间点,for+时间段,yet,past,now,Yesterday , we cleaned the classroom.,Now , the classroom is clean because we have cleaned it.,用法1,强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响,1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _ 2. I saw this film last week. Now, I know this film because I_. 3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_,my father has bought many books for me.,have seen it before,have done it.,“仍然，还 ” 用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。 I havent read this book yet . Have you had breakfast yet ?,already:,Yet:,“已经”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。 I have already read this book. 有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。 Have you eaten up all the food already ?,“从来不” 用在否定句中,放在句中。 Is he famous ?I have never heard of him .,ever,never,“曾经”通常用于疑问句和肯定句中,放在句中。 I have ever seen this film. Have you ever been to the USA ?,“以前”用在完成时中，放在句末。 have never read this kind of books before.,just,before,“刚刚 ”用在陈述句中,放在句中。 I have just bought a novel。,She began to work in 2005. She still works here now. She has worked at this school for 3 years.,now,past,I began to teach English at this school five years ago.,I have taught English at this school for five years.,用法2：,过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。,1. I am a doctor. I began to work when I was 22.Now , I am 26. I _ for four years. 2. We went to the USA last Monday. Today is Monday . We _ (stay) in the USA since last Monday.,have worked,have stayed,since and for,The woman has worked at this school for 2 years.( since two years ago),since 2 years ago,since 1998,since she came to the school),for + 时间段,since+时间点,for 2 years/a long time,一、用for和since填空。,_three hours _three oclock _two days _yesterday afternoon _I came here _last Sunday,_a week _a long time _1997 _two weeks _three years ago _ last month,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,since,for,since,since,1.Theyve known each other since_. A.1995 B. three years 2.Ive been interested in Chinese for_. A. last year B. one year 3. She has been a doctor for_. A. two years B.two years ago 4. Ive had a headache since_. A. I got up this morning B. five hours 5. Weve been here for_. A. one hour B. one oclock,A,A,B,A,B,6. My parents have owned this house for_. A. a long time B. many years ago 7. Theyve been in love since_. A. last spring B. three months 8. We have known each other since_. A. one year B. last year 9. -How long have you been like this? -Since_. A.last night B. two days 10.-How long has she worked here? -She has worked here for_. A. 1993 B. six years,A,A,B,A,B,Exercise 根据所给情况，用just,already或yet造句。 1.After lunch you go to see a friend at her house.She saysWould you like something to eat? You say: No, thank you. _( have lunch ) 2.Joe goes out. Five minutes later,the phone rings and the caller says Can I speak to Joe? You say: Im afraid _.( go out ),he has just gone out,Ive just had lunch.,3.You are eating in a restaurant this evening. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.You say: Wait a moment !_ ( not / finish ) 4.You are going to a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve(预定）a table. Later your friend says Shall I phone to reserve a table? You say: No,_ it (do),I havent finished it yet.,I have already done,1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have lost my wallet. (含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has just had it. (含义是:简现在不饿了.) Michael has been ill. (含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地),2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和状态,常与表示持续的时间状语连用. 表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。 I havent seen her these days. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.,3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, still, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ？,4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing？ I have never heard of Bunny. I have used this pen only three times. George has met that gentleman on several occasions.,5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, now, just, today, this morning/week/month/year, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. Up to the present everything has been successful.,6. 现在完成时表示现在之前已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语) Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句),现在完成时的“完成”和“未完成”用法,7. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester.,have (has) gone和have (has) been的区别,1.have (has) gone表示“已经去某地了” She has gone to Shanghai .(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。),2.have (has) been表示“曾经去过某地” She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。),非延续性动词不能与时间段连用： go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/ receive/become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。 如不能说：He has borrowed the book for two months.() 但可以说：He has kept the book for 2 months. 或：It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book. 或：Two months has passed since he borrowed the book.,这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。 becomebe borrowkeep buyhave begin (start)be on openbe open diebe dead leave-be away come-be here/in go outbe out join-be a member/be in begin to study-study,注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态： I havent bought anything for two days.,动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种： 原形+ed 如：worked,passed 词尾是e时，直接加d 如：likedlived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾 为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. 如：stoppeddropped,动词的过去分词的规则变化,不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律,AAA: put put put letlet let ABA: becomebecamebecome ABB: standstoodstood ABC: eat ateeaten,AAA,cost-cost-cost read-read-read put-put-put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set beat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。,有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的: run-ran-run come-came-come become-became-become overcome-overcame-overcome,ABA,ABB(含规则动词),1.另有一些其它形式的变化。 have (has)-had-had leave-left-left lose-lost-lost make-made-made feel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood 2. 改变单词中间元音字母。 sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-won shine-shone-shone hold-held-held find-found-found hear-heard-heard hang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged),ABB(含规则动词),ABC,ABC,有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。 take-took-taken give-gave-given fall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken freeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot) 特殊： am/is-was-been are-were-been, do (does)-did-done go-went-gone see-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied),比较现在完成时和过去时的区别： *现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night, three weeks ago, in 1990。 *一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 I have seen the film.(我了解这部电影的内容。) I saw the film last week.（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）,总结现在完成时： 1、构成：have / has +过去分词。 2、概念： (1)表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在 成的影响或结果。常与下列状语连用:already, just, yet, ever, never, before (2)表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 a.for和表示一段时间的词组连用。 如：for 3 years b.since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。 如：since 1997, since two years ago,since last week,Exercise 1,1.Tom isnt here,he_(leave). 2.I have lived in Anyang _10 years. 3.I have lived in Anyang _2001. 4.I have lived in Anyang _10 years ago. 5.Tom _to Beijing twice,so he knows BJ very well. 6.Tom _to Beijing,he isnt at home.,Jim with his parents _ abroad. They _ back in two weeks.A. have gone；will come B. has gone；will come C. have been to；have come D. has been；come 2. I have finished my homework. When_ you_ it ? A.have; finished B. do; finish C. did; finish D. will; finish 3. I _ my mobile phone since five years ago. A. bought B. have bought C. had bought D. have had,4.-Have you seen Bill? -Yes, he to the library. A.has goneB. had goneC. has been,中考真题,5. Do you know him well? Sure. We friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 6. May I speak to John? Sorry, he Japan. But he in two days. A. has been to, will come back B. has gone to, will be back C. has been in, would come back D. has gone to, wont come back,中考真题,7. Lucy, _ you _ your ticket? Not yet. A. did, find B. have, found C. has, found D. do, find,中考真题,8. I this book for two weeks. I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept,中考真题,9. It _ten years since we last_in Beijing. A. was, met B. has been, met C. was, meet D. is, meet,10._ you ever _ to Hangzhou? Yes, only once. I _ there with my father. A. Have, gone, went B. Have, gone, will go C. Have, been, went D. Have, been, will go,我猜三道,中考真题,四、延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换,1.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如： learn, work, walk, keep, have, live, stay 等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语 连用。 Eg:I have borrowed this book for 5 days. I this book 5 days ago.,kept,borrowed,2.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即 结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的 状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; eg:He died 5 years ago. 思考He has died for 5 years.正确吗？ 如果和时间段连用，需转换成延续性动词。,been dead,常见的转换,leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth - keep sth open,get up-be up, catch a cold - have a cold, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, fall ill - be ill, go out be out， put on wear；,get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, 牛刀小试： eg:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. -I the book for 5 days.,has been dead,has been in,have had,Exercise 2,1. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 2.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened,3.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 4.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over,5.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 6. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned,7.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 8.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 9.The bus _on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been,中考复习系列 一般过去时 d B were ,wouldnt C am ,wont D were ,wont,C,C,D,C,D,( ) 6 、If I_ ten years younger ,I_ very happy. A. were ,would be B. am ,shall be C.were ,shall beD. am ,would be ( ) 7 、-You can ask your brother for help. - He is not at home .If he _ , I _. A is ,would B.is, will C. were ,would D.were ,will ( ) 8 、If she _ a man ,she would run for president . A. was B .were C. is D.are ( ) 9 、What would you do if you won _ dollars? Atwo millions B million of C. two million D.two million of ( ) 10、If you were more friendly to people,you would _ friends. A. to have more B.have more C. has less D.to has less,C,B,C,A,D,Correct the mistakes in the following sentences. 1、Tom has got up for half an hour. 2 、Liu Mei has joined the League for three years. 3、The train has reached the station since 10 minutes ago. 4、The little girl has fallen asleep for four hours. 5、When have you cleaned the classroom? Its clean now. 6、How long have you caught a cold? 7、She has got ten letters from her mother since last week.,火眼金睛：,been up,been in,been at,been asleep,did,clean,had,had,七嘴八舌,I _ (be) busy these days. I _ (not go) to the cinema for weeks. How many units _ you _ (learn) so far? Lily with her parents _(go) to Sanya . They will be back in five days. Nobody _(dive) in our class before. Alice _(make) several friends since she _ (come) to China. _ your brother_(drive) a horse before? They _(stay) in the park during the past three hours.,have been,havent gone,have,learnt,has gone,has dived,has made,came,Has,driven,have stayed,考点再现,Where did you go,Have you ever been there before,Whats the weather like there,How did you get there,Did you have a good journey,补全对话： A: Hello, Zhangli ! Nice to meet you. B: Me, too! How are you ? A: Fine, _? I havent seen you for a long time. B: Oh, I went to Sydney with my parents. Sydney is the biggest city in Australia. A: Really? _? B: No, I havent. Its the first time for me to go there. A: Thats great. _ ? Is it too hot? B: No, Sydney is cool. Because its winter now. A: _? B: First by plane, then we went to Sydney by car. A: _? B: Yes, we had a good time. By the way, I took many photos. Would you like to see them? A: Thats wonderful ! Lets go !,