英语中主动形式表被动的用法(4页).doc
-英语中主动形式表被动的用法-第 3 页英语中主动形式表被动的用法1.表示被动含义的主动动词1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如:Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open（打开，营业）, close（关门）, cut（切割）, weigh（重）, act（上演）,例如:The door won't open. 这门打不开。It can't move. 它不能动。This shop opens much earlier than it used to.Each stone weighs 2 tons. 3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell, wash, clean, burn, cook, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词+副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。例如:The book sells well.这种书很畅销。These clothes wash well.这些衣服很耐洗。4) 用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词, 例如:This material has worn thin.这料子已磨薄了。The dust has blown into the house.灰尘被风吹进了房子。This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 5) 某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版）, come up（出现）, come into being（产生） come to ones mind（想起）, turn out（证明是）, come about（发生）, break out（爆发）, belong to（属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。 The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It never occurred to me to phone you. 2.表示被动含义的主动结构1)动名词 be worth(值得), want (=need)(需要), need(需要), require(需要)deserve(应该)等后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如:These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 你的头发该剪了。2)不定式作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系,即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语(或双宾语)+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,特别是“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,例如:Give him some books to read.给他点书看。He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。There is a lot of work to do.有许多工作要干。当然,这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,例如:There is so much work to do/to be done.有这么多事情要做。Give me the names of the people to contact/to be contacted.把那些要联系的人的名字给我。在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这是应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的), cheap(便宜的), dangerous(危险的), difficult(困难的), easy(容易的), important(重要的), nice(令人愉快的), pleasant(愉快的)等,例如:That question is difficult to answer.那个问题不容易回答。Chickens legs are nice to eat. 鸡腿很好吃。在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:Who is to blame for starting the fire ?这场火灾应由谁负责?The house is to let. 此房出租。3)特殊结构“be + under +名词”结构:这种结构表示某事“在进行中”。例如:The building is under construction.这座楼正在建设中。The whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed).整个事情正在讨论中。经常这样用的名词还有repair(修理), treatment(治疗), question(质问)等。“be worthy of +名词”结构:在这一结构中,名词和句子的主语有被动含义,如:a man worthy of support 一个值得支持的人nothing worthy of praise 没有值得称道的事情此结构后通常用表示行为的名词,而不用动名词的被动形式。高考例题（1）The evening news comes on at seven oclock and _ only thirty minutes. A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts （2）- Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cup board? - No, dear. They dont _ well. Put them in the fridge instead. A. keep B. fit C. get D. last （3）Books of this kind _ well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D .is sold ( key: DAA)
