大学英语四级图表类写作.ppt

大学英语四级图表作文,图表作文,表作文,图作文,1.表作文（table)： 2.图作文可分为3种： pie chart:饼图/圆形图 bar chart /graph:直方图/柱形图/条形图 line chart /graph/curve diagram:曲线图,table,Bar graph,Pie chart,Line graph,Line graph,谋篇方法,1.先描写数据变化 2.再分析变化背后的原因 3.最后是笔者的个人看法，预测未来的发展趋势或提出解决问题的方法。,如何写好图表作文,1.对比分析，寻找数据的变化规律 举例（1991.6）Changes in Peoples Diet Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on Changes in Peoples Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:,table,1.State the changes in peoples diet(饮食）in the past five years; 2. given possible reasons for changes. 3.draw your own conclusions. 4. you should quote as few figures as possible.,通过横向、纵向对比分析，不难发现grain的消费量逐年下降，5年间减少了4%，而milk的消费却逐年增加，meat的消费也逐年增加。纵向看，milk 和meat 变化趋势相同，占总消费量的比例在增大，而grain 的比例变化正相反，从而归纳出一个总的变化规律：grain 的消费量在减少，而milk 和meat的消费量在增加。,From the table we can see that during the past five years there have been great changes in peoples diet. The greatest change occurs in grain consumption, which has dropped 4% from 49% in 1986 to 45% in 1990 in total food consumption. (continue),The second greatest change is in milk consumption, which increased 3% from 10% in 1986 to 13% in 1990, but on the other hand, two trends can be observed in the consumption of meat and fruit and vegetables. From 1986 to 1989, meat consumption increased from 17% to 23%, while that of fruit and vegetables dropped from 24% to 20%. From 1989 to 1990, meat consumption dropped a little to 21%, while that of fruit and vegetables increased a little to 21%.,What has caused the great changes in peoples diet? The main reason, I think, lies in the improvement in peoples income level. With the development of our society, people are becoming richer and richer, which enables them to purchase more nutritious food such as meat and milk. In the meantime, grain consumption in peoples diet consequently dropped.,So from the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that our society is progressing and people are living a bettler life than ever before. We are now able to purchase more delicious and nutritious food, resulting in an improvement in our health.,e.g.2,20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0,1990 1995 2000,2002.6 Student Use of Computers Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间：1990年（2hours）,1995年(4hours), 2000(20hours), 请描述变化： 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明） 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难和问题。,分析：此柱形图表明，随着时间的推移， 大学生越来越多地使用电脑。,Students tend to use computers more and more nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than 2hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4hours; while in 2000, the number soared to 20hours.,Obviously, computers are becoming more and more popular. There are several reasons for this. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them.,Along with the time spent on computers, there arise some problems. The most serious one is that many students are spending so much time playing PC games so that they ignore their studies. It is urgent to let the students use computers in a proper way.,2. 筛选数据，切忌一一列出！ 挑选有说服力的数据， 主要是首尾两端的数字或其增减值。 以表1为例： The percentage of grain consumption decreased gradually, from 49% in 1986 to 45% in 1990.-简明扼要。,又如： milk 和 meat的变化，都说明了同一观点：人们的经济收入增加了，生活水平提高了，能够消费得起价格较高的肉奶食品。这样，描述milk的变化后，就不必要重复meat的变化。简单一句：”The same is the case with meat.”即可。或者直接计算出增加值或减少值，如：”The amount of grain in peoples diet has decreased by 4%. However, the amount of milk has increased 3% and that of meat has increased 4%.,3.强调数据间的关系，突出变化 发现数据的变化规律，引用了典型数据，还须进一步强调突出这种变化，使论证更为有力。以“student Use of Computers”为例，有学生写到：But in 2000, students spend nearly 20 hours per week on the computer. This number was ten times that of 1990 and five times that of 1995. 利用倍数强调突出，给评卷老师留下深刻印象。,4.使用主题句 通常第一段的topic sentence 说明发生了某种变化。例如： Great changes have been taking place in (e.g. peoples diet, student use of computers) from 1995 to 2000. In recent years, the time students using computers has increased greatly.,第二段 topic sentence: 分析变化原因 There are many factors that have stimulated this huge change. Such changes are mainly caused by two reasons. 第三段 总结 In short, with the improvement of peoples living standards, changes in their diet will be greater and more obvious. There is sure to be a lot of problem in student use of computer, however,2012.12 writing,Education Pays Numerous individuals are questioning the worth of higher education as the job market is depressed, yet the chart of Weekly earnings in 2010 reveals a forceful counter-evidence that the income is in direct proportion to ones educational background. Those with a doctoral degree earn nearly 3.5 times as much as those with less than a high school diploma.,As an increasing number of graduates find it difficult to get a satisfactory job after studying for many years, a hot debate arises on whether education pays. Supporters of higher education insist that education is the ticket to a steadier and better-paying job and the basis of a comfortable life. However, the opponents assume that they would not stake their money on such a risky investment which does not guarantee a promising career.,As far as I am concerned, we should not stop eating for fear of choking. A better education in most cases, not only means a better job, a higher salary and a lower unemployment rate, but a paving stone to the integrated improvement of oneself. In a broad sense, it is education that contributes to the development and advancement of the whole nation, which in turn benefits every individual. In conclusion, education is a worthy investment.,2、常用的描述用法 The table/chart/ diagram/graph shows /reveals（that） According to the table/chart diagram/graph As （is） shown in the table/chart diagram/graph As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures， It can be seen from the figures/statistics We can see from the figures/statistics It is clear/apparent from the figures/statistics,3、图表中的数据具体表达法 在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time 持续变化的data在不同情况下： 增加：increase/raise/rise/go up 减少：decrease/grow down/drop/fall 波动: rebound / wave 稳定：remain stable,二、相关常用词组 1、主章开头 图表类型：table、chart、diagram graph、column chart、pie graph 描述：show、describe、illustrate、can be seen from、clear、apparent、reveal、represent 内容：figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion,2、表示数据变化的单词或者词组 rapid/rapidly迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，生动的 significant/significantly有意义的，重大的，重要的 sharp/sharply锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply急剧升降的,steady/steadily稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly轻微的、略微地 stable/stably稳定的,3、其它在描述中的常用到的词 significant changes图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend明显趋势 during the same period在同一时期 unequally不相等地 in the case of在的情况下 in terms of / in respect of / regarding在方面 in contrast相反，大不相同,From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 2007. The first two months of 2007 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, its obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 2007.,There are several reasons for the decline. First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten peoples awareness of observing traffic rules.,With all these new measures, Im sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year.,主题句/概述表格反映的内容(5)反映交通事故的变化情况(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势 主题句原因/措施一解释措施一/次要辅助采取措施一后的结果原因/措施二原因/措施三 总结：展望未来的情况,