裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第58课(14页).doc

-裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第58课-第 14 页Lesson 58 A blessing in disguise? 是因祸得福吗？ Why does the vicar refuse to cut down the tree? The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'. Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!参考译文 据说弗林利这个小村里有一棵“该诅咒的树”。就因为报上提到过这棵树，所以现在来弗林利参观的人越来越多。该树是50年前栽在教堂附近的，但只是近几年才得到了一个坏名声。据说，谁要是触摸了这棵树，谁就会交上恶运；如果谁摘了一片树叶，谁就会死去。很多村民相信此树已经害了不少人。人们曾请求教区的牧师叫人把树砍掉，但他直到现在也没有同意。他指出，由于人们从全国各地纷纷前来参观这棵树，它成了一个有用的财源。尽管有上述种种说法，但游客们还是照常摘树叶和把他们的名字刻在树干上。然而到目前为止，还没有一个人暴死呢！【New words and expressions】（16）1 blessing 'blesi n.福分，福气2 disguise dis'gaiz n.伪装3 tiny 'taini a.极小的4 possess p'zes v.拥有5 cursed 'k:sid a.可恨的6 increase in'kri:s, 'inkri:s v.增加7 plant pl:nt v.种值8 church t:t n.教堂9 evil 'i:vl a.坏的10 reputationrepju'tein n.名声11 claim kleim v.以为其后果12 victim 'viktim n.受害者，牺牲品13 vicar 'vik n.教区牧师14 source s:s n.来源15 income 'inkm n.收入16 trunk trk n.树干一、单词讲解blessing1)n. (single)神恩，福气，福分，神的保佑，祷告ask for God's blessing求神保佑say a blessing 做祷告a blessing in disguise初看似乎不幸，过后看来却是幸事，祸中福count one' s blessings 知足bless-blessed（过去时）-blessed（过去分词）2)v. 求神赐福于某人或某事；赐予某人健康、幸福及成功eg. Bless those who are hungry lonely or sick.求神赐福于那些饥饿、孤独或患病的人。Mrs. White is blessed with 12 children.Mrs. White太太有12个孩子，真有福气。God bless you!（用作感叹，表示谢意或情义或别人打喷嚏时说）You' ve bought me a present? Bless you!你给我买了个礼物是吗？太感谢你了！disguise1) n. 伪装wear a bread as a disguise带个络腮胡子来伪装一下eg. He was in disguise, so I couldn't recognize him.他乔装打扮过了，所以我没认出他来。She made no disguise of her contempt.她很露骨地表示轻蔑之意。2)v. 伪装，假扮eg. I couldn't disguise my anger. 我掩饰不住自己的愤怒He disguise himself as a woman for fun.他男扮女装，只为了好玩。disguise one' s voice 改变说话腔调，发假声音tiny 'taini adj. 极小的tiny-tinier（比较级）-tiniest（最高级）small 小的little 小的（含有可爱之意）mini-构成合成词minibus 小公共汽车miniskirt 迷你裙minicab 小出租汽车puny （贬义）弱小的，瘦小的，发育不完全的，未充分发挥的eg. A tiny little girl was singing very well on TV.一个纤小的女孩在电视上唱得很好。possess v. 拥有eg: They possess three cars.他们有三辆汽车。possess patience 有耐心possess courage 有勇气be possessed with （尤指人的思想）被控制，支配be possess by（尤指人的思想）被控制，支配eg. She was suddenly possessed with fear.她突然被恐惧的情绪所控制。eg. She was suddenly possessed by fear.她突然被恐惧的情绪所控制。Possession n.1)u(ownership) 领有，持有，具有eg. I've had possession of this house for 7 years.我拥有这房子己经七年了。2)c财产eg. He lost all his possession in the fire.他在大火中丧失所有的财产。be in possession of 拥有eg. he is in lawful possession of a shotgun.他合法的拥有一支猎枪。possessor n. 拥有者(owner)possessed adj.（被强烈的感情，恶魔等）缠附的，疯狂的eg. He studied like one possessed. 他拼命用功。He fought like man possessed. 他进行了殊死的战斗Possession is nine points of the law.现实占有， 败一胜九。（占有或控制某物者打起官司来总占上风）cursed adj.可恨的，讨厌的（定） (hateful，unpleasant)a cursed person -个可恨的人curse1)n. 咒骂的话，咒语be under a curse 被诅咒的eg. the witch laid a curse upon the princess.这个巫婆诅咒这个公主the witch laid the princess under a curse.这个巫婆诅咒这个公主2)n. 脏话，咒骂之词Go to hellConfound itYou shit!3)v. 诅咒eg. He cursed(at)his bad luck. 他诅咒他的坏运气I cursed her for spoiling my plans.因为他破坏我的计划，所以我诅咒他。increase1)in'kri:sv. 增加，增长increase one' s speed 加速eg. The population has increased greatly. 人口急剧增长。increased profits 增大的利润2)'inkri:sn. 增加的量a wage increase 工资增加额an increase of nearly 50% over last year.比去年差不多增加百分之五十a 50% increase 百分之五十的增长同义词：add to 增加，增加到raise 提高，增加grow 增加，成长enlarge 变大，扩大，增大反义词：decline （数量，力量，权力等）削减decrease 变少，变小reduce 减少plant1)n. 植物，树术wild plant 野生植物garden plant 花园里的植物plants and animals 动植物2)n. 工厂，生产设备a chemical plant 化工厂a power plant 电厂3)n. （在犯罪，阴谋等集团卧底的）眼线，坐探eg. They discovered that he was a police plant.他们发现他是警察的卧底。4)V. 种植，栽种eg. We' re going to plant trees around the house.我们打算在房子周围种满树eg. Famers should know the time to plant.农民应该知道种植的时间。5)布置，安顿，固定eg. Policemen were planted along the route of the parade.警察被部署在旅行的路线上。planter 种植者或花盆church n. 教堂，礼拜，礼拜仪式go to church去教堂churchgoer按时去教堂做礼拜的人attend church 去做礼拜at church 在做礼拜in church 在做礼拜eg. Church begin at 9 o'clock. 礼拜在9点开始。They are at church. . 他们在做礼拜as poor as a church mouse 一文不名 类似：go to school 去上学go to university 去上大学go to college 去上大学 be out of hospital出院be sent to prison入狱 be at work 在上班evil1) adj.道德败坏的，邪恶的an evil reputation一个恶名声2) adj. 令人不快的，坏的，有害的an evil smell 难闻的气味an evil temper 坏脾气evil weather 恶劣的天气give sb the evil eye恶毒的目光an evil tongue 说人坏话的恶习reputation1)C名声eg. He has a good reputation as a doctor.他是个名声很好的医生。He has a bad reputation as a doctor.他是个名声很差的医生。She has a reputation for generosity.他因慷慨大方而出名。have a reputation for laziness 以懒惰出名He has the reputation of being spiteful.他的坏心眼是出了名的。2)信誉establish a reputation树立声誉build up a reputation make a reputationeg. He is eager to win a reputation.他渴望获得名声。If the fact is published, it will ruin your reputation要是事实被公开了，会影响你声誉的。Live up to one，s reputation 不负盛名，行为与声望相符claim1)V. 要求，索要（应得的权力和财物）；索赔claim the insurance 索取保险金claim the reward 要求奖赏2)v. （指灾难，事故等）使（某人）失踪或死亡eg. The earthquake claimed thousands of victims.地震造成成千上万的人死亡。3)v. 声称，声言，断言3)V. 声称，声言，断言claim to do-（某人）声称曾经eg. He claimed to have seen the Mona Lisa他宣称曾看过蒙娜丽莎（那幅画）。claim that-,例 : The lawyer claimed that the defendant(被告 )was not guilty.那个律师声称这个罪犯是无罪的。4)n. 索赔5)n. 权力，资格eg. They have no claim to this property.他们没有资格取得财产。victim1)牺牲者，受害者sufferer 牺牲者，受害者the victims of a plane crash空难事件的受害者the victims c of a swindler 受勁鬲eg. Those children arc the sad victims of their parents' divorce. 那些孩了是父母亲离婚的受害者。2)（祭神的）祭品，牺牲品fall(a)victim to"'成为的牺牲品eg. A man like you easily falls victim to the greed of others.像你这样的人容易成为别人贪婪的牺牲品。vicar（英国国教的）郊区牧师minister 基督教的牧师priest pri:st 基督教会的神职人员，牧师，神父rector n. （英国国教的）牧区长；天主教的教区首席神甫curate n. （英国国教会的）助理牧师black coat 牧师source n.1)河流的发源地(starting point of a river)the source of the Nile 尼罗河的发源地eg. This stream has its source in Qinghai.这条河起源于青海2)来源，出处a limited source of income 有限的收入来源news from a reliable source 来源可靠的消息eg. Idleness is the source of all evil.谚）懒惰是万恶之源。eg. Idleness is the root of all evil.（谚）懒惰是万恶之源the source of the trouble纷争的原因3)消息来源，出处，可靠的根据historical sources 史料eg. I got the news from a reliable source.我的消息非常可靠。a source book原始资料income 收入（最通用的词）eg. What' s your income? 你的工资怎么样？eg. I have an income of 200 dollars a week.我每周的收入是200美元earned income 工作所得unearned income 非工作所得eg. My income isn't enough to support my family.我的收入不足以维持家庭生计。pay 工资wage 周薪salary 月薪bonus 奖金，红包trunk1)树干eg. The trunk of that fir is about 2 meters thick.那个冷杉的树干有两米粗。2)躯干eg. He had a powerful trunk. 他身材伟岸。3)衣箱eg. She packed her trunk. 她把衣箱填满了。4)干线，主流The trunk of the Nile 尼罗河的主流5)trunk call（英）长途电话(long distance call)长途电话二、关键句型Key structures被动语态l、有些动词置于被动语态后，可采用两种形式：1)to-不定式即：be done to"'2) that从句即 it is said that这两种形式通常没有意义上的差别，但由于不定式结构更为简单，所以经常用不定式。eg. People say that he is a genius. 人们说他是天才。He is said to be a genius. 他被说是个天才。It is said that he is a genius. 据说他是个天才。2、当一个动词带有双宾语时，两个宾语中的任何一个都可做被动语态的主语，但间接宾语做主语较为常见。eg. The manager offered the vacant post to him.经理把空缺职位给了他。He was offered the vacant post. 他被给了空缺职位。The vacant post was. offered to him. 空缺职位被给了他。Exercise:把句子变为被动语态。1)She gave me a pen. 她给我一支笔。 I was given a pen. A pen was given to me.2) People say that there is oil under the north sea.人们说北海下面有石油。There is said to be oil under the North Sea. It is said that there is oil under the North Sea.3)They are sending him abroad. 他们正在送他出国。He is being sent abroad. He asked me to wait for him. 他让我等他。I was asked to wait for him.5)The police has found your wallet. 警察找到了你的钱包。Your wallet has been found (by the police).三、课文讲解TextThe tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'. It is said that the tiny village of' Finley possesses a 'cursed tree'.Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. mention 对说，提到，提及mention to sb 对某人说eg. He mentioned to me that he was going to sell his car.他对我说他想要把车卖了。He mentioned the event, but didn't go into details.他提到这件事情，但是没有细说。increase vt. /vi. （在规模，数量，和程度上）增加，增长grow VI.（动植物）成长，生长，在表示数量上增加时，可以代替increaseij: The number of visitors has now increased.游客的人数增长了。The number of visitors has now grown.游客的人数增长了She has grown so much, she is nearly as tall as I am.她长了这么多，差不多跟我一样高了。the number of+(pl. )n. .的数量做主语时，谓语动词用单数eg: The number of people who own color TVs is increasing every year，有彩电的人的数量逐年增加a number of + pl. （谓语动词用复数）的数量eg. A number of books have been stolen from the library. The number of stolen books is large. 图书馆的很多书被盜了The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. It is/was +被强调部分+that /who- 强调句式eg. It is yesterday I saw you. 我是昨天看到你的It is Henry that was fined a large sum of money.是哈瑞被罚了一大笔钱。It is Cathy that like best 我最喜欢的就是凯瑟。It is in a small city that I spent my childhood.在一个小城市里我度过童年的。It is lesson 59 that we will begin with.我们将从59课开始。gain 获得，得到（不能用于钱）(get，obtain)gain time 获得时间gain knowledge 获得知识gain favor 获得宠爱earn1)（用劳动）争取（钱），谋生bread earner 一个劳动者earn a living 谋生2)博得，赢得（一个好名声，尊敬，赞扬）与win相似，常带双宾语eg. It has gained an evil reputation 他得到一个坏名声。It has earned an evil reputation. 他得到一个坏名声。He have gone abroad and I hear he is earning a lot of money. 他出国了，我听说他赚了很多钱.It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. It is said that. 据说It is reported that. 据报道It is believed that. 据相信It is estimated that. 据估计It is found that. 据发现It is well-known that. 众所周知eg. It is reported that President Bush is visiting Canada these day.据报道，布什这段时间正在访问加拿人。It is estimated that there will be half' of' the students tomorrow. 据估计明天将有一半的学生。It is said that he was put into prison.据说他被关进监狱了。It is well-known that he is innocent.众所周知他是清白的。 if he pick a leaf, he will die.pick采摘eg. She has picked a lot of flowers. 他摘了很多花。Cut切，割，砍eg. She cut the apple into two. 她把苹果砍成两半。die V. 死die for 为战死 die for one' s country殉国die at one' s post 殉职 die of 因而死die from 因而死 die by 因而死eg. She died of cancer. 她死于癌症。She died of old age. 她因为年老而死。die from overwork. 过度工作，劳累而死die from wound 受伤而死die by drowning 淹死 die by fire 烧死die by one's own hand 自杀 be dying for（口）渴望eg. He was dying for a drink.他渴望喝点什么。die away （声言，光线，风等）渐弱，渐息dead1) adj.死的, 无生命的dead leaves 枯叶the dead 死人（指一类人）2)adj. 完全的，绝对的a dead silence 片死寂come to a dead stop 完全停业3)n. 最黑暗，寒冷的时候in the dead of night 在深夜in the dead of winter 在隆冬death n. 死put someone to death 处死，杀死starved to death 饿死deadly adj. 致命的，不共戴天的a deadly wound 致命的伤口a deadly weapon 凶器deathly adj. 死一般的(deathlike) 死一般的Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. a number victims 很多牺牲者 many victimsThe vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. have+宾语+p. p表示动作不是have的主语完成的，而是别人执行的eg. You' d better have the dangerous building pulled down.你最好找人把这个危楼推倒。had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。I'd like to have the package weighed.我想请你把包裹称一下。I had my bike repaired. 我找人把车修了一下。 so far 到目前为止eg. He has written three books so far.到目前为止他写了三本书了。I can only help him so far. 我能帮他的仅指于此。go far1)成功eg. He is hardworking and will go far.他工作很努力，会成功的。2)（钱，衣物）经用，有价值（否定句）eg. A dollar doesn't go far these days.最近l美元不管用了。go as far as竟然+不定式go so far as竟然eg. He went so far as to call me an idiot.他竟然管我叫白痴。He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. point指eg. It's rude to point. 指手画脚是不礼貌的。That's the man who did it, ' she said, pointing at me “那事是他干的，”她指着我说。point out 指出point sth out 使注意某事物point the finger(at sb) 公开指责某人point the way to sth 指出发展的可能性point the way towards sth 指出发展的可能性tourist 游客-ist后缀A：与以-ize结尾的动词结合，构成名词dramatist 剧作家：戏曲家publicist 国际法学家，评论家B：以-ism结尾的名词结合，“的信仰者：主义者：实行者”社会主义者socialistcapitalist 资本主义者atheist 无神论者C：与名词结合构成名词，“从事的人；专业人员”physicist 物理学家motorist 开汽车的人violinist 小提琴家have been coming 现在完成进行时。“一直” In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. in spite of 尽管despite(prep) 尽管that has been said 定语从旬，修饰allhave been picking 现在完成进行时 不停地重复做某事have been cutting So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!not one of/none of 一个都没有strike down 将.击倒strike - struck - struckeg. Most people in the town were struck down with the strange fever.镇上大部分人都被这个奇怪的发烧所传染了1)n. 罢工on strike 罢工go out on strike 罢工2)V. 打，击，撞，罢工，闹罢工，忽然想到，打动.的心It strike me that. 我认为.eg. The clock struck eight. 钟敲八点了。A good idea struck me. 我突然想到一个好主意。They are striking for better working conditions.他们正在罢工，想争取更好的工作条件。strike it rich (口)忽然变成人富翁strike home 一语道破strike off 删除，常用被动语态eg. The lawyer was struck off for his illegal conduct.由于非法行为，这个律师被注销了资格。special difficulties区别：increase/growgainearnpick/cutExercises:选择正确的词填空。l. This fruit is fresh. I have just (picked) it.2. If you travel by air, you will (gain) time.3. He (earns) 300 a week.4. Judy has (grown) so much I can hardly recognize her.四、练习 Exercisesl. _ that Finlay has a cursed tree.A. They say C. Said B. It said D .It is saying分析：该句缺少主语和谓语，只有一个that引导的从句。A. 他们说，人们说；B. 它说，意思不对，应该是It is said才正确； C. 缺少主语；D. 不合乎惯用法，应该是It is said才对。答案是：A2. If anyone picked the leaves, h