大学英语精读第二册Unit9.ppt

1. Definition of Intelligence,2. Word Web,Before Reading_Main,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,3. Intelligence Tests, Achievement Tests and Aptitude Tests,4. Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.),5. A Sample IQ Test,Before Reading_1.1,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Definition of Intelligence,1. Brief Introduction,Directions: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks.,Intelligence is a term usually referring to a general mental to reason, solve problems, think abstractly, learn new material, and from past experience. Intelligence can be by many different kinds of tasks. , this ability is expressed in many aspects of a persons life. Intelligence a variety of mental processes, including memory, learning, , decision-making and reasoning. Yet no accepted definition of intelligence exists, and people continue to what, exactly, it is. questions remain: Is intelligence one general ability or several independent systems of abilities? Is intelligence a of the brain, a characteristic of behavior, or a set of knowledge and skills?,capacity,_,profit,_,Likewise,_,measured,_,draws on,_,perception,_,universally,_,debate,_,Fundamental,_,property,_,Detailed Reading,Before Reading_1.2,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,2. Definition of Intelligence by Sternberg,Robert Sternberg was born in New Jersey on December 8, 1949. He received his B.A. at Yale University in 1972 and Ph.D. at Stanford University in 1975. Sternberg is currently an IBM professor of Psychology and Education at Yale University. Sternberg is known for his work on human intelligence, human creativity, thinking styles, learning disabilities, and love.,Detailed Reading,Before Reading_1.3,Question: What is the definition of intelligence by Sternberg?,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,I prefer to refer to it as “successful intelligence.” And the reason is that the emphasis is on the use of your intelligence to achieve success in your life. So I define it as your skill in achieving whatever it is you want to attain in your life within your sociocultural context meaning that people have different goals for themselves, and for some its to get very good grades in school and to do well on tests, and for others it might be to become a very good basketball player or actress or musician or politician. So, its your skill in obtaining what you want in life within your sociocultural context.,Detailed Reading,Before Reading_1.4,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,Before Reading_1.5,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,Before Reading_2,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Word Web,Directions: What words will occur to you whenever we mention the word “intelligent”. Write down as many words as possible about it.,bright,sensible,talented,brilliant,wise,gifted,smart,clever,Detailed Reading,Before Reading_3,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Achievement tests and aptitude tests are very similar to intelligence tests. An achievement test is designed to assess what a person has already learned, whereas an aptitude test is designed to predict future performance or assess potential for learning. Usually the items on achievement tests and aptitude tests relate to a specific area of knowledge, such as mathematics or vocabulary. Because intelligence tests frequently include these same areas of knowledge, many experts believe that it is impossible to distinguish between intelligence tests, achievement tests, and aptitude tests. Often, test makers call their tests achievement tests or aptitude tests to avoid the word intelligence, which can be frightening to some test takers.,Intelligence Tests, Achievement Tests and Aptitude Tests,Detailed Reading,Before Reading_4.1,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,According to the passage, if a 6-year-old girl scored a mental age of 9, what would her IQ be?,Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.),Instead of giving a persons performance on the as a mental age, Terman converted performance into a single score, which he called the intelligence quotient, or IQ. A quotient is the number that results from dividing one number by another. The idea of an intelligence quotient was first suggested by German psychologist William Stern in 1912. To compute IQ, Stern divided mental age by the actual, chronological age of the person taking the test and then multiplied by 100 to get rid of the decimal point.,Stanford-Binet,Detailed Reading,150,Before Reading_4.2,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Alfred Binet In 1905 French psychologist Alfred Binet and colleague Thodore Simon devised one of the first tests of general intelligence. The test sought to identify French children likely to have difficulty in school so that they could receive special education. An American version of Binets test, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, is still used today.,Detailed Reading,Before Reading_5,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Take the IQ test below to see how intelligent you are.,A sample IQ test,Some people maintain that IQ tests are just for fun. Others argue that they are indeed testing mans intelligence. Whats your opinion?,Detailed Reading,Globe Reading_main,1. Part Division of the Text,2. Further Understanding,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,For Part 1 Questions and Answers,For Part 2 True or False,For Part 3 Table Completion,3. Discussion,Detailed Reading,Globe Reading1,Part Division of the Text,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,Main Ideas,Paragraphs,Parts,1,1 2,2,3 4,3,5 7,I have been scoring high in intelligence tests all my life but it only means that I am good at answering certain types of academic questions.,Intelligence is not absolute and it is decided by the society one lives in.,My auto repairman played a joke on me, which seemed to prove me a moron.,Globe Reading2,Questions and Answers,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,1. What did the author think of the high score he had achieved in the aptitude test? 2. Does the author believe that he is highly intelligent? 3. According to the author, what do the high scores really mean?,Detailed Reading,Globe Reading3,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,True or False,My auto repairman once got a score of less than 80 on an intelligence test.,I estimated that my auto repairman could not have a score of more than 80 if he took an intelligence test.,F,( ),1.,Although I considered myself far more intelligent than my auto repairman, I had to ask him to fix my car when anything went wrong with it.,2.,I would not score high in an intelligent test designed by a worker.,3.,T,( ),I was good at both physical work and brainwork.,4.,I would do poor when working with my hands.,F,( ),The numerical evaluation of intelligence is determined by the talented people.,5.,T,( ),The numerical evaluation of intelligence is determined by a small subsection of that society as an arbiter of such matters.,F,( ),Detailed Reading,Globe Reading4,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Table Completion,Directions: Fill in the chart according to the text.,A deaf-and-dumb guy successfully bought some nails by making motions.,Uneasy.,How could a blind man buy scissors?,He made scissoring motions with his first two fingers.,He laughed and said that I was a fool.,Detailed Reading,Globe Reading5,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Discussion,Do you agree that sometimes highly educated people are not so smart as those who receive less education? Why or why not?,Detailed Reading,Asimov explains why there is much more in intelligence than just being able to score high on intelligence tests.,Article,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,Article1_S,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,What is intelligence, anyway? When I was in the army I received a kind of aptitude test that all soldiers took and, against a normal of 100, scored 160. No one at the base had ever seen a figure like that and for two hours they made a big fuss over me. (It didnt mean anything. The next day I was still a buck private with KP as my highest duty.),What Is Intelligence, Anyway? Isaac Asimov,Detailed Reading,All my life Ive been registering scores like that, so that I have the complacent feeling that Im highly intelligent, and I expect other people to think so, too. Actually, though, dont such scores simply mean that I am very good at answering the type of academic questions that are considered worthy of answers by the people who make up the intelligence tests people with intellectual bents similar to mine?,For instance, I had an auto repairman once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not possibly have scored more than 80, by my estimate. I always took it for granted that I was far more intelligent than he was. Yet, when anything went wrong with my car I hastened to him with it, watched him anxiously as he explored its vitals, and listened to his pronouncements as though they were divine oracles and he always fixed my car.,Article2_S,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,Well, then, suppose my auto repairman devised questions for an intelligence test. Or suppose a carpenter did, or a farmer, or, indeed, almost anyone but an academician. By every one of those tests, Id prove myself a moron. And Id be a moron, too. In a world where I could not use my academic training and my verbal talents but had to do something intricate or hard, working with my hands, I would do poorly. My intelligence, then, is not absolute. Its worth is determined by the society I live in. Its numerical evaluation is determined by a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matters.,Article3_S,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Consider my auto repairman, again. He had a habit of telling me jokes whenever he saw me. One time he raised his head from under the automobile hood to say: “Doc, a deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. He put two fingers together on the counter and made hammering motions,Detailed Reading,with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer. He shook his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk brought him nails. He picked out the sizes he wanted, and left. Well, doc, the next guy who came in was a blind man. He wanted scissors. How do you suppose he asked for them?”,Article4_S,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,Detailed Reading,I lifted my right hand and made scissoring motions with my first two fingers. Whereupon my auto repairman laughed heartily and said, “Why, you dumb fool, he used his voice and asked for them.” Then he said, smugly, “Ive been trying that on all my customers today.” “Did you catch many?” I asked. “Quite a few,” he said, “but I knew for sure Id catch you.” “Why is that?” I asked. “Because youre so goddamned educated, doc, I knew you couldnt be very smart.” And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.,What is intelligence, anyway? When I was in the army I received a kind of aptitude test that all soldiers took and, against a normal of 100, scored 160. No one at the base had ever seen a figure like that and for two hours they made a big fuss over me. (It didnt mean anything. The next day I was still a buck private with KP as my highest duty.),What Is Intelligence, Anyway? Isaac Asimov,All my life Ive been registering scores like that, so that I have the complacent feeling that Im highly intelligent, and I expect other people to think so, too. Actually, though, dont such scores simply mean that I am very good at answering the type of academic questions that are considered worthy of answers by the people who make up the intelligence tests people with intellectual bents similar to mine?,Article1_S1,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,What can we infer from this sentence?,The author cared nothing about other soldiers compliments for his high score, which could bring him nothing.,Detailed Reading,What is intelligence, anyway? When I was in the army I received a kind of aptitude test that all soldiers took and, against a normal of 100, scored 160. No one at the base had ever seen a figure like that and for two hours they made a big fuss over me. (It didnt mean anything. The next day I was still a buck private with KP as my highest duty.),What Is Intelligence, Anyway? Isaac Asimov,All my life Ive been registering scores like that, so that I have the complacent feeling that Im highly intelligent, and I expect other people to think so, too. Actually, though, dont such scores simply mean that I am very good at answering the type of academic questions that are considered worthy of answers by the people who make up the intelligence tests people with intellectual bents similar to mine?,Article1_S2,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,1)Translate the sentence into Chinese,然而，实际上，难道这类分数不是仅仅意味着我很善于回答那些编制智力测验的人们 智力爱好跟我类似的人们 认为值得回答的那类学究式的问题吗？,2) Analyze the structure of the sentence,The subject of the sentence is “such scores”, the predicate is “mean”, and the object is the clause “that I am very good at answering the type of academic questions”. “That are considered worthy of answer by the people” is an attributive clause modifying “academic questions” while “who make up the intelligence tests” is another attributive clause modifying the word “people”.,Detailed Reading,For instance, I had an auto repairman once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not possibly have scored more than 80, by my estimate. I always took it for granted that I was far more intelligent than he was. Yet, when anything went wrong with my car I hastened to him with it, watched him anxiously as he explored its vitals, and listened to his pronouncements as though they were divine oracles and he always fixed my car.,Well, then, suppose my auto repairman devised questions for an intelligence test. Or suppose a carpenter did, or a farmer, or, indeed, almost anyone but an academician. By every one of those tests, Id prove myself a moron. And Id be a moron, too. In a world where I could not use my academic training and my verbal talents but had to do something intricate or hard, working with my hands, I would do poorly. My intelligence, then, is not absolute. Its worth is determined by the society I live in. Its numerical evaluation is determined by a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matters.,Article2_S1,Before Reading,Global Reading,After Reading,1) Paraphrase the sentence,For example, once I had an auto repairman. I suppose that he probably could not achieve a score of more than 80 if he took these intelligence tests.,Detailed Reading,2) Analyze the structure of the sentence,这句话的主干部分很短，即为I had