2022年初中英语八级下册Unit知识点语法精讲2.docx

_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 八年级下 Unit 4 Cartoons and comic strips 一、短语归纳：ic strip 连环漫画 2.pop out 张大,睁大 3.decide on 打算 4.video camera 摄像机 5.play against 同 竞赛 6.weather forecast 天气预报 7.thank goodness 谢天谢地 8.make it 获得胜利 9.think of 考虑,想起,记得 What do you think of . ？10.have a good idea 有个好想法 11.think about 摸索,考虑 12.add.to.把 添加到 13.sound effects 音响成效 14.at the underground station 在地铁站 15.look like 看上去像 16.put.together 把 放在一起 17.the same as 与 相同 18.be different from 与 不同 19.a pair of 一双 20.at the top of 在 顶部 21.look out=take care=be careful 当心 22.pick up 捡起 23.in trouble 在困境中 二、重点词汇：1.appear+to be +adj. She appears to be happy at the news. 她听到这个消息时显得很高兴；Appear +to do sth You appear to travel quite a lot. 你似乎走过很多地方；2. a bit of = a little 3.be ready to do sth. be/get ready for sth. be different from 和 不同 4.the same as和 一样 5.look,sound,taste,smell,feel 连系动词后接形容词作表语；6 .in trouble 在困境中 have trouble with sb./sth. 某人 /某物有毛病 get into trouble 惹上麻烦 have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻烦 take the trouble to do sth. 费劲做某事_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 25 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 7.succeed in doing 做成某事8.laugh at sb.嘲笑某人tell sb. not to do sth. 告知某人做某事9.tell sb. sth. 告知某人某事10.be used to do 被用来做used to do 过去经常做be used to doing 习惯于做三、学问点讲解与拓展：1. character：n. 人物、角色Yue Fei is a great historical character. 2. think of 考虑、摸索I m thinking of going to Paris for vacation. 拓展： think of ：想起、记起 I can t think of his name. think of ：对 有某种看法,常用于“What do you think of ” 句型中 What do you think of the book？3.addto & add to Please add some salt to the water. addto把 加到 上4.add to 添加, 增加（欢快、 困难等抽象名词）Do you have anything to add to the list. record v. 录音I ve recorded the whole concert. 5.拓展： record n. 记录set the record 制造记录break the record 打破记录hold the record 保持记录decide on 打算、选定What made you decide on Plan A. 6.basic adj. 基础的,基本的basic adj.基本的basically adv, 基本上7.拓展： base basis n.基础Here it is. 以 here 和 there 开头的句子,如后面的主语为人称代词,主谓不倒装；如后面的主语为名词,主谓倒装；8.Here you are. 给你；Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了；forget v. 遗忘9.forget to do 遗忘要做某事（动作没发生）I forget to turn off the light. forget doing 遗忘做过某事（动作已发生）I forget opening the door. look like 看上去像Tom looks like his father. 拓展：提问长相：What do/ dose sb. look like. 提问性格：What is sb. like. 10. appear v. 显得,看来,似乎A woman suddenly appeared in the doorway. 拓展： appear （to be） + adj./ n. She appears to be happy at the news. _精品资料_ appear to do sth. You appear to travel quite a lot. 第 2 页,共 25 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 11. a little & a bit 1 两者都可以作副词用,用来修饰形容词（原级或比较级）,或动词；I m a little/ bit hungry. 2 用作形容词做定语时,a little 修饰不行数名词,而a bit 后面加 of 再加不行数名词；There s a little water.= There s a bit of water. 12.be ready to do sth. 已完成某事,预备好做某事The contract will be ready to sign in two weeks. 拓展： be/ get ready for sth. 为 做好预备Are you ready for your teast. 13. as well as 并且,仍；用来连接并列成分；连接并列主语时,谓语动词与前一主语保持一样；She is clever as well as beautiful. 14.how to do 疑问词 + to do I don t know how to do it. 15.拓展： what to do 做什么where to go 去哪里why to do 为什么做Don t+ 动词原形 . 16.否定祈使句,意为“ 不要 ,禁止 ”Don t play jokes on me, will you. the same as和 一样The twins look the same as each other. 拓展： be different from 与 不同London was different from most European capitals. 17.look 连系动词,意为“ 看起来,看上去”,厚街形容词作表语；Alice looks happy today. 拓展：连系动词仍有：:be是, look 看起来 , feel 摸上去 , seem似乎是 , appear似乎、显得 , prove 证明是 , smell 闻起来 , taste尝起来 , sound听起来 等18.Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事Let him go. 在 let 引导的祈使句中,sb可以是名词,也可以说代词的宾格；19.let 是使役动词,常用的使役动词仍有：make,have, leave 等；They made me repeat the story. a pair of+ 不行数名词 / 可数名词的复数a pair of shoes 20.look out= pay attention to 当心、留意Look out ；There is a car coming；21.拓展： look out of 向外看 She stopped writing and looked out of the window. pick up 捡起,捡起She pick up a flower on the road. 拓展： pick up sth. 捡起某物,当 sth.是人称代词的宾格时,放在 pick 之后,如： pick it up ；当 sth.是名词时,可以放在 pick up 中间或 up 之后,如： pick the pen up= pick up the pen ；22. in trouble 在困境中He s in trouble, let s help him. 23.拓展：与 trouble 相关的短语： get into trouble 惹上麻烦 have trouble（in）doing sth.做某事有困难success n. 胜利I wish you success with your studies. 拓展： succeed v. 胜利； succeed in doing sth. successful adj. 胜利的；His business is successful. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 25 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 24.tell sb sth. 告知某人某事He told me the reason. tell sb. to do sth. 告知某人做某事The teacher told him to clean the classroom. 25.tell sb. not to do sth. 告知某人不做某事He told us not to buy clothes in this store. laugh at 嘲笑Don t laugh at him, please. 练习：1. What do you _ your hometown. It is very beautiful. I love it very much. A. look at B. talk about C. think of D. think over 2. When I was in the supermarket, I forgot _ money with me. A.to take B.to taking C. taking D. bringing 3. Could you give me some advice. I dont know _. Why dont you wear this red shirt. A.when to wear B.what to wear C.how to wear D.where to wear 4. Most of my classmates don like to talk to teir parents, but I am _ them. A.different from B.surprised at C. the same as D. proud of 5. Wheres your ticket. Show _ , please. A.me it B.it me C.me to it D.it to me 6. -Tom, _ read books while you are walking in the street. It very dangerous. -OK, thank you. A. dontB. doesn tC. wont D. can t7. He _ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag. A. picked up B. threw away C. looked for D. handed in 8. I sure our football team will _ this match.We the best. A. win B. fail C. lose D. beat 9. Our teacher often tells us _ in the river. It dangerous. A. don swim B. not swim C. not to swim D. not swimming 10. Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information _ in a short time. A.can be learned B.has been learned C.can learn D.has learned 五、语法被动语态（2）一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态；二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换We visited that factory last summer 主动语态主语谓语宾语状语被动语态That factory was visited by us last summer 主语谓语宾语状语三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比_精品资料_ 时态主动语态被动语态第 4 页,共 25 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 一般现在时（1）Do they speak French . Is French spoken by them. am / is / are + P.P. （2）They dont use the room .The room isnt used by them.（1）The hunter killed a tiger . 一般过去时A tiger was killed by the hunter. was / were + p.p. （2）He wrote many stories last year . Many stories was written by him last year. 1These workers are building a new bridge. 现在进行时A new bridge is being built by these workers. am / is / are +being +p.p. （2）He is mending his car . His car is being mended by him . 1He was selling books . 过去进行时Books were being built by him . was / were + being + p.p. 2They were discussing the plan at that time . The plan was being discussed by them at that time 现在完成时1She has learned many English words. Many English words have been learned by hehave / has + been + p. p. 2He has finished the work. The work has been finished by him . 过去完成时1They has solved the problem . The problem had been solved by them . had + been + p.p. 2We had told him the news by then . The news had been told to him by us . 一般将来时（1）I shall make a plan . A plan will be made by me . shall / will be + p.p. 2They are going to fix the radio in an hour. The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hou过去将来时（1）He told me they would paint the room . He told me the room would be painted by them. would be + p.p. （2）They were going to put on a play the A play was going to be put by them the next week.next week . was/ were going to be + p.p. 情态动词（1）We should hand in our homework . Our homework should be handed in by us. can / may / must / should （ 2 ） You must answer the question in The question must be answered in English by you .English . + be + p.p. 四. 如何正确使用被动语态1. 有些动词带有两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个留在被动结构谓语后面；需要留意的是：如把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to” ；这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）We are often told interestin g stories by him .Interestin g stories are often told to us by h i m 常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass 等；（被动语态）2. 在主动语态中, 某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,to 被省略,但在被动语态中,这个to 仍要仍原；eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）宾语 宾语补足语She is often heard to sing this popular song . （被动语态）有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等；3. 有些“be +过去分词” 的结构并不是被动语态,它们可能是“ 系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）；”The door is closed . 门是关着的； 系表结构 The glass is is broken by 这个玻璃杯是坏的 Fengping . 这个门是由冯平来关的； 被动语态 比较： 1. The glass was broken by Mary . 这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏 的； 被动语态 2. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 25 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词 Great changes have taken +介词词组才可以有被动语态；place in China . 正确 Great dolphin changes disappeare been in taken place sea China . 错误eg：Thedolphinwasdisappeare dinthedeepsea . 错误五、不能用被动语态的情形1. 不及物动词不能用于被动语态,如：appear,rise,die,happen,break out,take place 等2. 表状态动词不能用于被动语态,如：hold,have,cost,contain,become, look like 等3. 某些动词的进行时可表示被动,如：The meat is cooking. 肉正在煮着；4. 主动形式表示被动意义；1 某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义,如：look ,smell,taste, feel, prove,wear,sound 等； eg：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy. 2 动名词的主动形式表被动语态,如：want,deserve,need,require, take,worth 等；The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读；The children need looking after. 孩子们需要照料；3 某些做表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形式表被动意义；The conversation is hard to understand. 这个对话很难懂得；The fish is not easy to fish. 鱼不简单上钩；The passage is difficult to read. 这段文章很难读懂；练习：1. The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 2. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, _well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold 3. The sports meeting _next month. A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held 4. Excuse me. I'm looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The book you ask for_ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold 5. Annie _ to the party. She had a wonderful time with us. A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited an.6. Many houses _ in the earthquake of April 20, 2022 in YaA. is destroyed B. are destroyed C was destroyed D. were destroyed 7. Han Hans books are popular. They _ by many teenagers.A. is read B. was read C. are read D. were read 8. Teenagers _allowed to drive. A. should not be B. should be not C. not should be 9. At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn from each other. _精品资料_ A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering 第 6 页,共 25 页10. I want to borrow the book, but I dont know how long it may _. For two weeks. A. keep B. be borrowed C. borrow D. be kept - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 11. Many trees _ on the streets every years. So the air is very fresh now. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted 12. Didn't you see the sign "No Parking." on the right. _ here. Sorry, I didn't. But now I know parking A. wasn't allowed B. isn't allowed C. won't allow D. doesn't allow 13. From May 6, pedestrians 行人 _10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beijing traffic authorities.A. will fine B. were fined C. are fine D. will be fined 14.What languages _ in that country'. German and English A. are speaking B. are spoken C. speak D. is spoken 15. A year has four seasons and it _ twelve different star signs. A. divided into B. is dividing into C. divided into D is divided into 16. The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes 17. Clark, your room is really in a mess. It needs _ Sorry, mum. I'll do it at once. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. to be cleaned 18. “Frog ”, Mo Yan's latest novel, please. Sorry, it _ just now. But it will come out again soon. A. sold out B. is sold out C. has sold out D. was sold out 19. Do you know Earth Day. Sure. It in 1970 to tell us to protect our planet. A. sets up B. set up C. is set up D. was set up 20A lot of trees _around here every year ,and we can enjoy fresher air now A were planted Bare planted Cwill plant Da 才能提升；1. What do you _ your hometown. It is very beautiful. I love it very much. A. look at B. talk about C. think of D. think over 2. When I was in the supermarket, I forgot _ money with me. A.to take B.to taking C. taking D. bringing 3. Could you give me some advice. I don t know _. Why don t you wear this red shirt. A. when to wear B. what to wear C. how to wear D. where to wear 4. Most of my classmates don t like to talk to teir parents, but I am _ them. A. different from B. surprised at C. the same as D. proud of 5. Wheres your ticket. Show _ , please. A.me it B.it me C.me to it D.it to me 6. -Tom, _ read books while you are walking in the street. It s very dangerous. -OK, thank you. A. don t B. doesn t C. won t D. can t 7. He _ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag. _精品资料_ A. picked up B. threw away C. looked for D. handed in 第 7 页,共 25 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 8. I m sure our football team will _ this match. We re the best. A. win B. fail C. lose D. beat 9. Our teacher often tells us _ in the river. It s dangerous. A. don t swim B. not swim C. not to swim D. not swimming 10. Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information _ in a short time. A. can be learned B. has been learned C. can learn D. has learned Unit 4 Cartoons and comic strips ic strip 连环漫画 2.pop out 张大,睁大 3.decide on 打算 4.video camera 摄像机 5.