2022年初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧.docx

_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载中学英语阅读懂得的解题技巧阅读懂得也是中考英语题的必考题目之一,此题型旨在考查同学阅读, 懂得的才能,几年来,中考英语题中的阅读懂得材料新,题材丰富,考查同学综合推 断才能,依据语篇猜单词意思的才能的力度加大,也考查同学关注细节的才能；所以同学往往要么没能正确懂得语篇中某些句子的意思,在细节题上丢分, 要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够, 在综合题或者推断题方面丢分； 那么究竟怎么做好 阅读懂得这一题型呢？我将从以下三个方面谈论这个问题：一、解题思路（一）先读问题,弄清考查要点,以便能带着问题看文章,这样会心中有数,有 的放矢；（二）快速浏览全文,把握全貌,留意发觉与问题有关的信息,假如时间紧,至 少要扫视一下起首段和尾段； 再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想,这样全文大 意便清晰了；此时,不要忙于答题；（三）细读原文,捕获相关信息词,把握短文细节内容；这是解题的关键,应特 别留意以下几点：1 抓住四个 "W"和一个 "H" ,就是边读边用铅笔做些标记, 把 What 大事 ,When（时间）, Where（地点）, Why（缘由）, How（经过）划出来；抓住了四个“W”和一个“H” ,就抓住了文章的全貌,一些直接性的问题便可解决；2抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等；由于这些词具有 因果,让步,递进,转折,指代,列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能；这对考生分清文章层次,辨明各种关系,明白人物心理,推断作者意图,进行逻 辑推理等手段来分析难点,都具有举足轻重的作用；3 留意领悟文章的寓意； 4 依据题意,初选答案；这一步须认真审题,领悟测试要求,确定解题方法；对那些明显的, 有把握的题可以断然确定, 不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而铺张 时间：有些略难的题,应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍）,快速找出依据,予以排 除；常用的解题方法有如下几种： 直接解题法；即从原文中直接找出答案； 归纳解题法；对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线 索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案； 综合推理法；读者需统观全文,认真分析,综合推理及至运算,最终归纳出 正确答案；题 干 中 有 "suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“ 等字眼时,属于推断概括型,考查内容着眼于全篇,考生应具备肯定的分析归纳,推理等规律思维才能； 捕获关键词；在阅读时应当留意与问题相关的同义词,近义词,反义词 或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案； 转换解题法；即原文这么说,而在问题和所给选项中就用另外的词去转 换一种说法,但仍表示同一含义； 排除法；依据语言,句法结构,信息词和常识,在没有把握的选项中用 排除法得出正确答案；四、重读原文,认真斟酌核对答案；在解完最终一道题后,假如时间答应,再 将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各摸索题,讨论其内在联系和规律关系,目的在于对所做答案进一步审查,推出未解答的题,以便削减失误；_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 21 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载二、题型分类中学英语阅读懂得往往有以下三大题型,这些题目：（一）挑选符合文章的选项（二）判定正误抓住它的解法和思路, 就可以顺当做好（三）依据文章内容回答疑题, 现今该题型归纳在任务型阅读中, 此处不做详解；典型例题分析（一）依据内容,从短文后每题的四个选项中挑选正确的一项；Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. "Through the hole（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot," said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more（再一次） .Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal （煤） fires in the world. They are harmful（有害） and dangerous. Then how to put them out.Scientists have tried to set（放置） fire to underground coal to speed up（加速）the fires. In this way, the burning（燃烧）of underground coal would be soon finished.（被烧完）；1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire _. A. at the age of seven B. seven years old C. in the year of 1898 D. more than （超过） 80 years ago 2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because _. A. it was in the hole B. it was very hot C. it was orange D. it was harmful 3. How many coal fires are there in the world. A. There's only one. B. It's hard to say. C. There are 260. D. The article（文章） doesn't tell us. 4. What s one of the best ways to put out（扑灭） the underground fire.A. B. To cover （掩盖） the holes with stones（石块） . To speed up the fires. C. To see the fires burning. D. To do some experiments 5. What is the best title（试验） . （标题） for the article.A. Watching the Underground - Fire. B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires. C. The Burning Earth. D. Coal and Coal Fires. 答案分析 1. 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据；was seven,故正确答案为 A ；at the age of seven 等于 when he _精品资料_ 2这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案,属于直接回答题；正确答案为B；第 2 页,共 21 页3这一题可以在其次段里直接找到答案,属于直接回答题；正确答案为C；- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载4在文章的最终一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法,那就是使火加速燃烧；正确答案为 B；5完成这道题需作肯定的归纳,由于文章中没有给出直接的回答；文章从 Mr Brown 两次看火, 然后说出地下火的危害,最终提出如何灭火的方法；文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫,如何灭火才是文章的中心； 故正确答案为 B；（二）依据文章内容判定正误 Fred telephoned his wife. “ Ive got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,”he told her. “ Meet me outside the office. We ll have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”Freds wife was very pleased. They hadn t been to the theatre for a long time. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time. At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “ Its very strange,”he said. “ They aren t here. ”“ Try your pockets,”said his wife. But the tickets weren t there, either. Then Fred looked very embarrassed 尴尬 . “ Whats the matter.”asked his wife. “ Well, ”Fred said, “ I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasn t going home, I left it in the office.” 1. One day, Fred was given the tickets for the theatre. 2. Fred and his wife went to the theatre quite often. 3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in a restaurant. 4. They reached the theatre neither late nor early. 5. Then Fred couldn done with the tickets. 答案分析： t find his tickets and remembered what he had 1、T 由于第一段中提到Fred told his wife “I ve got two free tickets ” “free ” 此处是免费的意思；2、F 其次段中提到 “They hadn t been to the theater for a long time.”3、F 第一段中 Fred 说“Meet me outside the office.4、T 其次段中 “in time”是准时的意思；5. T 结尾处提到的；（三）阅读下面短文,然后回答文后问题；Taking exams always makes me nervous What about you. Here are some _精品资料_ suggestions that my friend offers me第 3 页,共 21 页Preparing for exams The most important part of preparing for an exam is to know what to studyReview subjects you've spent a long time on during classes,look through what - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载you were asked to read and topics of essays and homework,or ask your teachers to see if they can give a few suggestionsOnce you know what to study,the next is to know how to studyArriving at an exam How you arrive at an exam will decide how you take your examBe sure to arrive：EarlyWith a full stomachWell restedWith all the things you will need for the examHaving your own exam habits Before you begin your exam,be sure to：Set up your things close byPut your name and other identification information on your exam-answer sheetRead all the directionsMake a brief plan about how you will divide your time between sectionsTake a few deep breaths every time you feel nervousIf you prepare well for your exam,arrive confidently and settle in before you beginDon't spend more time on a question that you should unless you're ahead of schedule时间表 依据短文内容,回答下面的问题；1What is the most important before you take an exam. _ 2Should you arrive at an exam early or on time. _ 3What should you do if you feel nervous just before an exam. _ 4How would you feel if you got everything ready. _ 答案分析：1to know what to study 依据建议一可知,考前最重要的就是要知道学什么；2Early 依据建议二可知,考试时要提前到；3Take a few deep breaths 依据建议三可知,考前紧急是要深吸一口气,能缓 解紧急的心情；4Confident依据短文内容可知,一切预备就绪,你就会很自信；三、题材分析（一）家庭、伴侣与个人情形在中考阅读懂得中, 记叙文阅读题目的考查难度逐年增加,多使用贴近同学生活的素材, 多以故事形式显现； 针对这种题型主要抓四大要素, 即时间、地点、人物和大事的起因、 进展和结果, 以及人物之间的关系, 从中分析他们的思想品质、性格特点等； 懂得文章大意后, 找出关键的句子和一些与考查内容有关的问题所在,这样,便于我们解题时“顺藤摸瓜 ”,找出问题的答案；_精品资料_ 这类阅读一般是对文章懂得才能的考查,抓住文章的关键句和关键词是特别第 4 页,共 21 页重要的；- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载做题思路：先看清题干,带着问题读文章,明确把握问题指向,防止“回视 ”现象,提高做题的速度；例如：1990 was a significant year in world eventsIn February,Nelson Mandela was set free after 27 years in prisonIn October,East and West Germany became one country againThen at the end of 1990,the World Wide Web was bornFor this final event we have one man to thank,Tim Berners Lee,the father of the WebBerners Lee was born on June 8,1955 in London,EnglandHis parents,both computer designers,encouraged him to think and work creatively as he grew upHe was an excellent student and naturally took an interest in computers and science After graduating from Oxford University ,Tim went to work at a science research centre in SwitzerlandThere he developed some of the different systems that would later become the WebThe first was HTML ,the computer language used to make web pagesThe second was an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receive informationIn 1990,while still at the science centre in Switzerland,he put them together to make the first Internet browser浏览器 It could run on any computer and allowed people to creat website to share their information with the rest of the worldTim knew that the more people used the Web,the more useful it would beHe wasn't interested in money but knowledge,so he gave out his invention for free to anyone who was interestedMany were interested and the growth of the Internet beganToday Tim works as a professor at the MIT in America,researching new and interesting ways to use the WebHe has received many awards from governments and organizations for his effortsHe is still not very interested in moneyThat is why he is so admired by his students and workmatesIt may also be one of the reasons that few people outside the world of technology know his name阅读短文,依据短文内容挑选正确答案； 1The underlined word "significant" in Paragraph 1 most probably means "_"Astrange Bterrible Cimportant Ddifficult 2Which of the following statements is true according to the passage. AThe address system was used to make web pages BThe World Wide Web was created in SwitzerlandCThe first web browser was very expensive to buyDMany people could use the Internet before 1990 3What can we learn about Berners Lee from the passage. AHe was encouraged to be creativeBHe didn't do well at schoolCHe is a very poor businessmanDHe is well known all over the world 4Where does Berners Lee live today. _精品资料_ AEnglandBSwitzerlandCAmericaDCanada第 5 页,共 21 页 5What is the passage mainly about. - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载AThe events that took place in 1990BThe history of the InternetCThe invention of the Internet browserDThe man who created the Word Wide Web答案解析：1C 依据第一段第三、四句话可知,发生在 1990 年的世界大事：东西德统 一,World Wide Web 的产生；由此我们不难估计出,significant 是指 “重要,重大”；应选 C；2B 依据第三段 “ .an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receive information. 可知选项”A 与此不符； 依据第四段可知, Tim 只对学问感爱好而对金钱并不感爱好,因此他免费奉献出他的创造 web browser,应选项 C 不正确；依据第一段, 我们知道web 是在 1990 年产生的,因此 1990 年前,人们不行能使用 web,故排除 D；所以正确答案为 B；3A 依据其次段可知, Tim 学习成果优秀,故排除 B；文中没有提 Tim 是个商人,故排除 C；依据最终一段最终一句话“ .few people outside the world of technology know his name”可知 Tim 并非世界闻名, 故排除 D；依据文中其次段“ .encouraged him tothink and work creatively. 可知正确答案为 A；4C 依据最终一段第一句可知 Tim 现在住在美国；5D 这篇文章主要介绍的是（二）学校生活与语言学习Web 之父 Tim Berners Lee校内生活与语言学习是中考阅读懂得考查的一个热点话题,一方面与同学生 活、学习、沟通等息息相关；另一方面,来自社会,紧贴社会生活,具有肯定的 时代感和现实意义； 这类话题多是说明文, 做题时要留意说明的对象、 内容及说明方法；这类题要留意每段话的开头部分,整体把握材料信息；做题思路：把握信息,找出题眼,梳理信息,进行解答问题；When you see the girl for the first time,you may think she is a boyShe is very outgoing外向的 Who is she. Wang Meng,the Chinese top skaterOn the evening of February 26th,2022,Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the women's 1000 meters short track speed skating final 短 道 速 滑 决 赛 at the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games温 哥 华 冬 奥 会After she succeeded in the 500-metre and 3000-metre races,she won her third gold medal this timeWith this one China won four gold medals in the women's short track speed skatingThat helped China first win the team gold medal in Winter Olympics historyJust before the final race Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terriblyWith the words of "You can,you can do." she won at lastShe said,"I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team,to ChinaIt was with the help of my team that I won the prize" Though Wang Meng is only twenty-four ,she has been the most successful Chinese skaterWe are proud of her and her teamWe hope she will be faster in Sochi Olympics in 2022阅读短文,依据短文内容挑选正确答案； 1China won gold medals in the women's short track speed skating_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 21 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载A2 B3 C4 D5 2It took Wang Meng 1 minute and 29.213 seconds to finish the short track speed skating finalAwomen's 1000 Cwomen's 500 Bmen's 1000 Dmen's 500 3In Wang Meng's opinion,made her win the prize at lastAa strong body Ba bad cold Cher team's help Dmuch exercise 4Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage. AWang Meng is very outgoing like a boyBWang Meng is the most successful Chinese skater CChinese people are proud of Wang Meng and her team DChina has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history答案解析1C 由其次段倒数其次句 “ With this one China won four gold medals. 可知正确答案为 C；”2A 由其次段第一句 “ .Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in women's 1000 meters. 可知正确答案为A；3C 由第一段最终两句 “ I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team. with the help of my team that I won the prize” 可知由于团队的帮忙她才获得了成”功,故正确答案为C；4D 由其次段最终一句 “ That helped China first win the team gold medal. 可知D 项的表述是错误的；（三）天气与自然随着社会经济的快速进展, 社会和谐已提上日程, 天气与自然环境很快就成为人们关注的话题之一； 此类话题多是说明文和谈论文；这就要求我们明白说明文和谈论文的特点, 这样才能对问题进一步地分析和解读,才能自觉地完成命题要求,取得高分；解题思路：把握该类话题的特点,对所给信息进行归纳整合例如：Earthquakes happen without warning前兆 They can happen any time of a day,at any point during the year When an earthquake is happening,you should know what you should do or not doDo NOT go outsideYou could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings If you are outside,stay away from buildings and power lines输电线 Stay under a desk,table,or other strong furnitureHold on to it Or stay in a corner of the building Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outsideKeep away from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building,and anything else that could fall and hurt youMost people get injured by falling things during an earthquake,not by the shaking itselfAlso keep away from a fireYou could fall down and burn yourself on the fire_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 21 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载If you are driving when an earthquake happens,stop the car if it's safe Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops,and don't drive near bridgesTry not to stop by power lines or trees These could fall and hurt you阅读短文,依据短文内容挑选正确答案； 1It isn't safe for you to _ while the earthquake is happeningArun out of the building Bstay in a corner of the building Cco