2022年小学英语语法总结--人教版.docx

精品_精品资料_学校英语语法总结一、时 态 小 结时态 定义特点动词的变化规章第三人称单数的变化情形:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一般表 示 经 常 性 every day/morning/,现或 习 惯 性 的 usually在动作 .时现表 示 现 在 或在进现 在 一 阶 段 now/ look/ listen正 在 进 行 的行动作 .时yesterday morning/afternoon/evenin一g般表 示 过 去 某 last year/month过时 发 生 的 动a minute ago/an hour ago去作或情形 .this时morning/afternoon/evenin gtomorrow一the day after tomorrow/般表 示 将 要 发 the next day/Monday,将1. 一般情形在词尾直接加-s2. 以 ch,sh,s,x或 o 结尾的词加 -es3. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词 , 将 y 改成 i 再加-es现在分词的变化情形 :1. 一般情形在词尾直接加-ing2. 以 e 结尾的词 , 去掉 e 再加 -ing3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词, 双写最终一个字母加 -ing动词过去式的变化情形:1. 一般情形在词尾直接加-ed2. 以 e 结尾的词加 -d3. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词 , 将 y 改成 i 再加-ed4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词, 双写最终一个字母加 -ed主要构成be going to/will +动词原形可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_生的事情来时at the weekend/tonight tomorrow night/morning/afternoonbe + 形容词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_凡是在 must, mustn t, can, cant, lets, don t, may ,will后的肯定要用动词的原形二、名词的复数.名词按其数 , 可分两种 : 可数名词和不行数名词.可数名词的复数变化规章:1. 一般情形下 , 直接在词尾加 -s,如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens2. 以 s,x,sh,ch结 尾 的 词 ,在 词 后 加 -es,如 :class-classes,box-boxes, match-matches,3. 以辅音字母 +y结尾的 , 变 y为 i再加 -es,如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries4. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的 , 变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加 -es,如:knife-knives,wife-wives,life-lives,5. 以 o 结尾的加 -es或-s,如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6. man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,三、形容词的比较级、最高级.形容词有比较级与最高级之分,单音节词的变化规章 :可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1. 一 般 情 况 下 ,直 接 在 词 尾 加 -er或 -est,如 :small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest2. 以 e 结尾的 , 加-er或-est,如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.3. 以 辅 音 字 母 +y结 尾 的 ,变 y为 i再 加 -er或 -est,如 :busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.4. 以 重 读 闭 音 节 , 一 个 辅 音 字 母 结 尾 的 , 双 写 该 字 母 , 再 加 -er或 -est,如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.5. 多 音 节 的 词 , 前 加 more,most,如 :beautiful-morebeautiful-most beautiful.6. good-better-best四、 be 动词 , 助动词.现阶段 be 动词形式有 : am, is, are, were, was, isnt, arent, werent, wasn t 助动词形式有 : do, does, did, dont, doesnt, didnt1.在英语句子中进行变化的时候,有 be 动词的就在 be 动词上变化 , 变 “过去” ,“否定”;否定过去否定am-am not第一人称 “I ” am, is - was -wasntis -isn t 第三人称 are-were -werentare-aren t you和其它人称 2.没有 be 动词的就要加助动词 ;否定过去过去否定do-dont-did-didn t主语物主代词宾格does 第三人称单数 -doesnt- -did-didn t 五人称代词形容词性名词性Imyminemesheherhersherhehishishimititsitsityouyouryoursyouweouroursustheytheirtheirsthem六特别疑问词What is this.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_What is this in English. What is the matter.What is the weather like. What is the country like. What is she/he/What do you like.WhatWhat does he do.What do you have for,. What colour,.What class,.What grade,.What time,.What day,.What do/does/did+,.How are you.How old,.HowHow many,. How much,. How long,.How do/does/did+,.Which +n.+（ be 动词/ 助动词） +,. Whose+ n.+（ be 动词/ 助动词） +,. Where+ v.（ be 动词/ 助动词） +sb. +,. When +v.（ be 动词/ 助动词） + sb.+,.Who +v.（be 动词 / 助动词 / 行为动词） +sb.+,.Why +v.（be 动词 / 助动词） + sb. +,.有 can, will, must这几个词的句子,全部的句型转换都在此词变化.1. 数词变化规律及读法口诀两大数词基和序,前表数量后第几.构成先谈基数词,1 至 12 请认真记.13 至 19teen 结尾齐, ty 结尾表示几十.如要表达几十几,几十短横1 到 9.One hundred一百记,如表几百几十几.几百 and 几十几,基数规律上述里.再把序数谈认真,第一至三独立记.第四至十九结尾th, 第结尾 th, 第廿到九十有规律.基数基础 y 变 ieth.第几十几有特例,第几十由基数起,几用序数有道理.第一百 one hundred .如说第一百几十几.One hundred and第几十几.谈此即告一段落.序有缩式莫遗忘,上述须专心品味.2. 句子种类口诀句子按用途分四大体,陈述疑问感叹和祈使.陈述用来表达一件事.疑问主要用来提问题.祈使表达命令和恳求.表达剧烈感情感叹句.上述九是句种之定义.祈使主语you 被抛弃.如将其变成否定形式,动词之前加dont是正理.3. 陈述句变感叹句口诀陈述变感叹两句套. What 或 How加其他成分表. What aan形加名用的妙.剩余照写句末用感叹号.How 后副和形是正确道,其后照写感叹号堪称妙.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4. 一般现在时用法及句型转换口诀常常习惯动作和真理,是一般现在时的定义.构成除单三皆动原式.如逢动词第三人称体,动词变单三式有道理.如要变成否定的形式,动词原形之前加dont, 除单三人称外无特例.单三式前 doesnt动原基.句首Do,Does 疑问起, Does 用单三人称限制,单三仍原形没大问题.5. 变动词单三人称口诀一般情形动词尾 -s 加.O,s,ch,sh结尾“ - es”没有差. 辅音加 y 去 y 为“ - ies ”是方法.6. 现在进行时及句型转换口诀现在正在进行之动作, 用现在进行时来掌舵. 构成 be 加现在分词妥, be 的用法犹如系动词.切记 be 是助动词没错, be 后面加 not 否定拓.Be 提句首疑问有把握, 上述内容记清好处多.7. 现在分词构成口诀词尾直加 -ing是一般式,如遇无音e 去之加 -ing .重读闭音一辅音字母尾,双写该字母-ing是正里.8. 形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成口诀结尾直加 -er,-est属一般,具体构成方法逐一来侃谈. 一辅音结尾重读闭音节看,辅音双写-er,-est是习惯.辅音加 yly除外有型感,根据去y,-er,-iest方法办.上述皆属单音部分双音段,下面把多音节规律来看看.词前加 more,most 此规律唤.规章变化到此已全都谈完.有些不规章变化请你记全.“双好” better,best记的宽.“坏病” worse,worst莫记乱.“双多” more,most不用管“老、远”两种形式别记篡,“有点” less,least记清盼.9. 感观使役动词记忆和使用口诀1. 记忆口诀：二听四看一感觉,使役动词有三个.或：一感二听三使四看.一感. feel二听： hear,listen to三使： make ,let ,have四看： look at,see,watch,notice使用口诀： 感使动词真古怪,to 在句中象妖怪.主动句里它走开,被动句里它回来.动词 let要除外, to 词可来可不来.10. 规章动词加 -ed 的读音口诀元音后 t,浊音后 d , td 后读id.注：浊音包括浊辅音和元音.11. 时刻表达法口诀时刻表达法作用大 , 衣食住行离不开它.整点时把点钟数打,时分俱全不好表达.请登记列几种方法 : 先时后分莫给弄差.如要说明几点过几分,可把past和 after来抓.前分后时不能搞差,要说几点几分差,to前分后时来表达.12. 形容词和副词的比较等级及用法句型口诀一者比较用原级.比较级限二者比.三者三者往上比,最高级的用法起.如要比项把握齐,比较范畴要搞细.比较级二句型记,做出句子没问题.如甲乙程度相同, as,as 结构体.PEP学校英语重点句型语法总结与分析三年级起点的人教版PEP教材在学校阶段共有8 册书,其涉及的重要语法学问主要有7 种：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_to be 句型、 therebe 句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词 can 引导的句型、 be going to句型等.现以5 8 册书为例,简要分析如下： 一 to be句型： 用于介绍个人情形如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、伴侣、职业等,描述的点、 颜色、四季、日期、星期几等, 该句型广泛分布于各册教材中,其中 5 8册的句型主要有：1. Whos your English teacher.Mr. Carter.2. What s he like.Hes tall and strong.3. Is she quiet. No, she isnt.She is very active.4. Is she strict.Yes, she is,but she s very kind.5. What day is it today. Its Wednesday.6. What s your favourite fruit/food,.7. They re sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/,8. When is your birthday. Its in May.9. My birthday is in June.Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June.Yes, it is.11. What s the date.12. This is Zhang Peng.13. Where is the cinema, please. Its next to the hospital.14. How tall are you？I m 164 cm tall.15. You are shorter than me. 16.Youre 4 cm taller than me.17. How heavy are you.I m 48 kg.18. Im thinner than you, and shorter.19. What s the matter with you.My throat is sore.20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah. 二 therebe 句型 ：表示存在, 即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”.句型基本结构为： There is+可数名词单数或不行数名词+时间或的点. There are+ 可数名词复数 +的点.该句型主要分布在第 5 册的 Unit 5和 Unit 6中,如：1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.3. Is there a forest in the park.Yes, there is.4. Is there a river.No, there isnt.5. Are there any pandas in the mountains.No, there arent.6. Are there any fish in the rivers.Yes, there are. 三一般现在时句型： 表示习惯性的动作或行为, 或现在存在着的状况.句型基本结构为： 主语 +行为动词 +其他.当主语是第三人称单数时,要在动词原形后面加s 或 es,其他人称作主语时就用动词原形,在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do 或 does .这种句型通常有一些标志词,如： usuallyoftensometimesneveralways等.该句型主要分布在第 5 册 Unit2&3 ,第 6 册 Unit1&2,第 7 册 Unit4,5,6,第 8 册 Unit2中.如：Book5:1. WhatdoyouhaveonThursdays.We haveEnglish,mathandscienceon Thursdays.2. What do you do on Saturdays.I watch TV on Saturdays.3. I do my homework.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays.We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.5. I like fruit. But I dont like grapes. Book6:1. When do you eat dinner. I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.2. When do you get up.I usually get up at 12:00 noon.3. What do you do on the weekend.Usually I watch TV and go shopping.4. Sometimes Ivisitmy grandparents.I oftenplayfootball.Sometimes I go hiking.5. Which season do you like best. I like winter best.6. Why do you like summer/winter. Book7:1. How do you go to school, Sarah.2. Usually I go to school on foot.Sometimes I go by bike.3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too.4. Does she teach math.Yes, she does.5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesn t.She teaches math.6. What does your mother do.What does your father do.7. Where does she work.She works in a car company.8. How does she go to work.She goes to work by bus.9. Where does the rain come from.It comes from the clouds.10. Where does the cloud come from.It comes from the vapour.11. Where does the vapour come from.It comes from the water in the river.12. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour.13. How do you do that.Book8:1. My nose hurts.2. How do you feel.I feel sick.How does Amy feel.3. You look so happy.You look sad today. 四现在进行时句型： 表示说话时正在进行的动作或大事,或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情形. 标志词是： now 也常用在 Look. Listen.等后面. 句型主要结构为： be 动词（ am, is, are） +动词现在分词 v. ing.该句型主要分布在第6 册 Unit4, 5, 6中.如：1. What are you doing.I m doing the dishes.I m reading a book.2. Grandpa iswritinga letter.Brotherisdoinghomework. Momiscookingdinner in the kitchen.3. He is writing an e-mail in the study.3. What is it doing .It s eating bananas.4. What is she doing .Shes jumping.5. What are they doing .Theyre swimming.They re climbing trees.6. Are you eating lunch.No, we aren t.7. Are they eating the honey.Yes, they are.8. Is he playing chess.Yes, he is.9. Is she counting insects.No, she isnt. 五一般过去时句型： 表示过去发生的而现在已经终止的大事、动作或情形.句型基本结构为：主语 +动词过去式 +其他.标志词通常是：yesterday,lastweek ,lastyear等, 在问句与否定句中要用助动词did .该句型分布在第8 册 Unit3&4 中.如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1. What did you do last weekend.I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room.Yes, I did. 3.What did you do yesterday.I went fishing.4. Did you read book.Yes, I did.5. Did you clean your room.No, I didnt.6. Where did you go on your holiday.I went to Xinjiang.7. What did you do there.I sang and danced with my new friends.8. How did you go there？I went by train.此外,一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问.如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的： What would you like for lunch. Id like some, 六情态动词 can 引导的句型： 表示有才能做某事, can 后面的动词要用原形.该句型主要分布在第 5 册 Unit4和第 7 册 Unit1中.如：Book4: 1. What can you do.I can sweep the floor.I can cook the meals.2. I can water the flowers.3. Can you make the bed.No,I can t.4. Can you use a computer.Yes, I can.Book7:How can I get to Zhongshan Park.You can go by the No. 15 bus. 七将来时： 我们的教材中显现过两种表示将来时的句型,即：will和 be going to 句型, 主要以 be going to 句型为主,表示将要做某事或准备做某事.句型主要结构：am/is/are+ goingto+ v. 原 形 . 标 志 词 有 ： tomorrownextweekendthismorningthis weekendnext,be going toBook7:1. What are you going to do this weekend.I am going to visit my grandparents.2. Where are you going.I am going to the cinema.3. How is he going to Beijing.He is going to Beijing by plane.4. When is she going to Xiashan.She is going to go there at 9:00 am.学校英语疑问词用法总结句子可分为四类1、陈述句（确定句和否定句）2、疑问句（一般疑问句、特别疑问句和选 择疑问句） 3、祈使句（确定句和否定句）4、感叹句.四大句子类型的相互转换,如：将陈 述句变成一般疑问句：疑问疑问调个头,把be 系动词“ is are am ” 放在最前头.又如： 将陈述句的确定句变成否定句：否定,否定加“not ”,加在何处,加在系动词的后面.在句子相互转换的题型中, 最难的要算“就以下划线部分提问”或是“看答句,写问句”这种题型了,其实,我们只要娴熟把握疑问词（what , what time, what colour,where , when,who , whose , which , how, how old, how tall, how long,how big, how heavy ,how much, how many 等等）具体用法,明白他们是针对什么提问的,这种题型就很简单做了.疑问词意义用法例句1. Whatsyourname.你叫什么名字？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_what什么用来问是什么,叫什么,做什么等2. Whats your father.你爸爸是干什么的？3. what is in your box.你的盒子里是什么？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_What time什么时间用来问时间What time is it.几点了？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_What colour什么颜色用来问颜色用来征求看法或询问What time is it now.现在几点了？ 1.waht colour is your bag.你的书包是什么颜色？2.what colour is your book.你的书本是什么颜色？1. what bout this pair of shoes.这双鞋子怎么样？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_What about怎么样感受等, 大多用于承接上面的同样问题2. what about you.你了？3. what about your dad.你爸爸了？1. whatday is ittoday.今日星期几？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_What day星期几用来问星期几What date什么日期问具体的日期用来问目的, 在肯定情2. what day was yesterday.昨天星期几？1. Whatsthe datetoday.今日是几号？2. what date is tomorrow.明天是几号？What did you buy that for.你为什么可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_What ,for为何目的况下只可以与why互换要买那个？1. when do you get up.你什么时候起可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_when什么时候用来问时间where哪里用来问的点which哪一个用来问具体的哪一个who谁用来问人物是谁whose谁的用来问东西是谁的why为什么用来问缘由床？2. when did you go there.你什么时候去的那里？1. where is my ruler.我的尺子在哪里？2. where are you from.你是哪里人？3. where are you going to .你准备去哪里？1. which season do you like best.你最喜爱哪个季节？2. which class are you in. 你在哪一个班？3. which one is my pen？哪一个是我的钢笔？1. who is that boy. 那个男孩是谁？2. who are you going to with.你准备和谁一起去？3. Who is that pretty lady.那个美丽的女士是谁？1. whose bag is this.这是谁的包？ 2.whose bike is yellow.谁的自行车是黄色的？1. why do you like spring.你为什么喜爱春天？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_how怎么样用来询问身体等状况How old几岁用来问年龄How long多长用来问长度How big多大用来问物体的大小How tall多高用来问高度How heavy多重用来问重量How far多远用来问路程How many多少用来问数量How much多少钱用来问价格用来征求看法或询问2. why did you go there.你为什么去那里？1. how areyou.你 好吗？2. how is your mother.你妈妈好吗？1. how old are you.你几岁了？2. how old is your father.你爸爸多大了？1. how long are your legs.你的腿多长？2. how long is your pencil.你的铅笔多长？1. How big is your bedroom.你的卧房多大？2. How tall is your brother.你弟弟有多高？1.How heavy are you.你有多重？ 2.How heavy is this box.这个箱子有多重？1. Howfarcanyoudiveunderthe water.在水下你能游多远？2. How far is it from here.从这儿去有多远？1. How many apples do you have.你有多少苹果？2. How many days are thereina year.一年有多少天？1. how much is this dress.这个连衣裙多少钱？2. how much are these desks.这些桌子多少钱？1. how about you.你了？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_How about怎么样感受等, 大多用于承接上面的同样问题, 用法与 what about相同2. how about that shirt.那件衬衣怎么样？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学校英语句型汇总一、一般疑问句：1、Did you read books.你读书了吗？Yes, I did.是的,我读过了.No, I didnt.不,我没有读过.2、Is she quiet.她文雅吗？No, she isnt. She s very active.不,她不.她很活跃.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Is she strict.她严格吗？Yes, she is, but shes very kind.是的,她是,但是她很和气.3、Is this a teachers desk.这是一张讲台桌吗？Is it cold.冷吗？Is her birthday in June.她的生日在六月吗？Isthisyour T-shirt.这是你的 T恤衫吗？ Yes, itis.是的.No, itisn t./ No, its not.不,不是的.4、Can you make the bed.你会铺床吗？Can you use a computer.你会使用电脑吗？Yes, I can.是的,我会.No, I cant.不,我不会.5、Are they ducks.它们是鸭子吗？Are they eating the honey.它们吃蜂蜜吗？Yes, they are.是的,它们是.No, they arent.不,它们不是.6、Is there a forest in the park.公园里有一个森林吗？Is there a river.那里有条河吗？ Yes, there is.是的,那里有. No, there arent.不,那里没有.7