2022年考研英语常用要点语法总结 .docx

精品_精品资料_考研 1 号英语精品,祝您考研胜利；定语从句一、定语从句的概念什么是定语从句？例 : A rich person is not the one who has the most, but is the one who needs the least.用来修饰前面的名词或者代词的具有完整的主谓结构的句子就叫着定语从句.有两个必备的基本元素.一个是先行词.一个是关系词.1. 名词或代词做先行词.例： He laughs best who laughs last.2. 短语做先行词. Many of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.3. 用句子做先行词. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.I am a student which you all know.当先行词与关系词被割裂时是如何表现的.如：Today,stepladderscarrylabelsseveral inches long that warn, among other things, that you might - surprise. - fall off.找先行词的方法.反证法.把它带进去.哪一个是通顺的,哪一个就是先行词.1. 翻译定语从句.2. 结合先行词的结构特点和位置特点在关系词之前查找与定语从句的意思的有规律关系相符合的词.二、定语从句里面的关系代词的用法.1. 常用的关系代词： which, that, who, whom .Whom 现在用的很少.前面有介词只能用which,不能用that.2. 关系代词在考试中的特别情形.What :1它是子母同体.相当于一个关系代词以及一个先行词.What 前面不应当在显现先行词.假如前面已经偶一个关系词,就不能用what 来引导.例如： You can have everything what you like. what=all that, 所以这儿不能用 what.All-is a continuous supplying of the basic necessities of lifeA. what is the needB. the things needC. for our needsD. that is need2what 单独使用,后面不加名词.例如： She is not what she used to be. 3what 后面加名词例如： What money I have has been given to you.1997 年考题：he knows about it is out of date and in accurateA. What littleB. So muchC. How muchD. So little考研 1 号系列图书考研真相写作160 篇阅读基础90 篇第 1 页,共 6 页可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_考研 1 号英语精品,祝您考研胜利；as1.like 2.作为3. when4. 引导定语从句.即可引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句.引导限制性定语从句一般式固定用法.如asas, suchasas引导非限制性定语从句例如： I was a boy which you know.which 可以用 as 替换.Asissooftenpointedoutknowledgeisatwoedgeweaponwhichcan beusedequally for good or evil.as 引导限制性定语从句考试中往往考固定搭配.例如： Such a student as works hard were be sure to succeed. than 作为关系代词可以引导定语从句Morefamiliesconsistofoneparenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;consequently,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome wascommonintheAtra.tdhiatinonalB.thatC.whichD.as特fam点il：y structure .1) than 作为关系代词引导词在从句中一般必需做主语或者作宾语.2) than 前面的主句必需要有比较级3) 比较级所修饰的名词就是than 指代的对象三、关系副词When 引导的定语从句.1) 先行词必需是表示时间的名词.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompanies liable for their customers' misfortunes.2) 如何区分 when 引导的定语从句和状语从句.用句子表示状语就是状语从句.例如：When I go to school, I will work hard.从两方面区分：When 引导的定语从句前肯定有表示时间的名词.When 引导的状语语从句前没有有表示时间的名词.从翻译的角度看假如是引导的定语从句可以不翻译.假如是状语从句就必需翻译成当时候.When=on which Where where=in whichwhere 引导的从句先行词必需是表示的点的名词.例如：I was born in Beijing where the Olympic games will be held.先行词表示的点 ,不肯定用 where 来引导.例如：I have never been to Beijing ,but it's the place. A.where I'dlike to visitB.in which I'd like to visit考研 1 号系列图书考研真相写作160 篇阅读基础90 篇第 2 页,共 6 页可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_考研 1 号英语精品,祝您考研胜利；C.I most want to visit D.thar I want to visit it most名词从句讲五个问题：一、名词从句的本质.1. 概念：就是把一个完整的句子当一个名词来使用.那么从句就具备了名词所具备的全部性质.主语、宾语、表语、同位语.2. 引导名词从句常用的连词.有三类：1）that; 2whether,if; 3when,where ,how 等连接副词或 what,who,whose 等连接代词.That 引导的名词性从句不能做任何句子成分.what 肯定在从句中充当主语或者宾语.Which 和 whose 后面必需接名词.例如：Concerns were raisedwitness might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.A.whatB.whenC.whichD.that 3多重的名词从句现象.例如：I realized that what I said was not exactly what meant to say.考题： Prof. Lee's book will show youcan be used in other contexts.A that you have observedB that how you have observedC how that you have observedD how what you have observed二、名词从句中的主语从句主语从句有如下几种表示方式：1.用 which, that 放在句首引导主语从句.例如：That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. 3.用 it is +ved+that例如：It is believed that you are good boy.3.用 whether 引导主语从句.例如：Whether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable.三、宾语从句需要把握的几点：及物动词后面的宾语从句. 2022 年例句：Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us.四、表语从句就是一句话做另一个句子的表语.就是把从句放在系动词的后面.1997 年例句：A report consistently brought back by visits to the US is how friendly, cautious and hopeful most Americans were to them.五、同位语从句考研 1 号系列图书考研真相写作160 篇阅读基础90 篇第 3 页,共 6 页可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_考研 1 号英语精品,祝您考研胜利；就是用来补充说明同位语的名词成分的句子.结构是：名词 +that+从句.同位语从句与宾语从句和定语从句的区分：引导宾语从句和定语从句的的 that, which 可以省略,而引导同位语从句的 that 不能省略.定语从句中的 that 必需在从句中扮演主语或者宾语.同位语从句的 that 不扮演任何成分.例如：There is a popular saying that family instability causes social instability.that 不做句子成分.状语从句1.状语从句的本质.就是用一个句子来作另外一个句子的状语.状语从句的分类：时间状语、的点状语、缘由状语、结果状语、目的状语、条件状语、让步状语、比较状语、方式状语.2022 年例句Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. when 难点： 1.WhenB. sinceC. forD. whereas可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_常考的句型： Hardlywhen; when it comes that; when it comes to ;1991 年例句： to speak when the audience interrupted him.A. Hardly had he begunB. No sooner hardly had he begunC. Not until he begin D. Scarcely had he begin 1998 年例句：Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisis especiallytrue it comes to classroom tests.A. beforeB. asC sinceD. when 2.的点状语从句Where 引导的点状语一般总是放在主句的后面.例如：A driver should slower down where there are schools. 3.缘由状语从句Since 从起.由于比较特别的连词： in that 由于的意思.例句： The girl is like her mother in that she also has very delicate feeling.Now that由于. given that 4.目的状语从句lest生怕,可怕 ;for fear 当心,可怕引导的是虚拟语气.谓语是should +动词原形. should常省略.5. 结果状语从句 有两种引导法 sothat;so that;suchthat;such that2022 年例句： Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked toit has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.A. asB. whichC. thatD. what把 sothat; so that; suchthat; such that 中的 so 或 such 放在句首形成倒装句.例如： So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine it's speed.考研 1 号系列图书考研真相写作160 篇阅读基础90 篇第 4 页,共 6 页可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_考研 1 号英语精品,祝您考研胜利；to the extent that 表示结果to some extent 表示在之内.在某种程度上6. 条件状语从句 用 unless. if 引导难点： only if ; if onlyonly if 是"只有"的意思 ; if only 是"只要" 意思. 2022 年例句：He can continue to support himself and his familyhe produces a surplus.A. only ifB. much asC .long beforeD. ever since要记住： supposing that;provided that;on condition that例如： He will surely finished job on timehe has left to do it in his own way.A. in thatB. in caseC. as far asD. so long as 7.让步状语从句although;though; even if; even though1997 年例句：its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation ofpart timers and temporary workers.A. Even thoughB. Now thatC.If onlyD. Provided that2022 年例句： Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachild committingacriminalact, _adirectcausalrelationshiphasnot yetbeenestablished.A. providedB. sinceC. althoughD. supposing 表示让步转折的介词：in spite of;despite 例如： what he achieved in medicine he remained modest.A. DespiteB. AlthoughC. IfD. Whereas However; nevertheless; nonetheless1998 年例句： This view;,is generally thought to be wrong.A. howeverB. meanwhileC. thereforeD. more over While 当时候.然而,但是重点：与 as 有关的让步状语从句由 as 引导的倒装句adj.,adv.,分词,名词,短语 +as+主语+谓语.例如： Child as he is, he can remember a lot of things. as 或 so+adj+as+主谓结构例如： As much as John hates to do it, he must stay at home and study tonight.8.比较状语从句重点讲倍数为题1.倍数 +比较级 A is three times bigger than B.2.倍数 +asas结构. A is three times as big as B. 3.倍数 +名词结构 A is Three times the size of B. No more than特点：1. No more than=not any more than2. 从功能上看往往表示两个事物之间的类比关系.3. 从意义上看是和一样.Not so much as结构上有两种 1. Not A so much as B.2.not so much as B.与其说 A,不如说B.考研 1 号系列图书考研真相写作160 篇阅读基础90 篇 第 5 页,共 6 页可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_考研 1 号英语精品,祝您考研胜利；例如： It wasn't so much that I disliked herthat I just wasn't interested in the whole business.A. ratherB. soC. thanD. as并列句一、并列句并列句的结构要从后面往前找.例如:I like apples from Japan and bananas. and 可以连接两个并列的词语、短语、句子成分、从句以及句子.1. 有 and 就确定有并列.有并列就肯定要弄清晰并列的成分.2. and 有并列.但并列在考研中有几十种情形.要依据每一种不同的并列进行不同的处理.3. 有 and 的并列就要从and 的后面往前找,而不是从前面往后找.二、定语后置She is a beautiful girl.一个形容词定语就相当于一个of 引导的名词作后置定语.上句可写成Sheisagirlof beauty.插入语能够从句子中拿出来而不影响整个句子主谓结构的部分就是插入语.插入语与同谓语的区别：插入语往往是插在主谓之间.例如：I am an ugly man.可换成I ama man who is ugly.仍可换成I,who is a man , am ugly.1. 从命题角度来看插入语的两个逗号就相当于两个括号.表示对插入语前面的说明和说明.2. 从长难句的处理角度来看.插入语扮演的角色就是可以作为整体提出来放到一边最终处理,就是直接把插入语翻译后放在括号里.考研 1 号系列图书考研真相写作160 篇阅读基础90 篇第 6 页,共 6 页可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载