2022年高二英语必修五第一单元知识点讲解 .docx

精品_精品资料_必修 5Unit1 Great scientistsPart 1. Warming up1. explain及物动词 vt.说明 ;说明 ;阐明 +to+wh-+thatHe explained that he had been cheated. 他说明说他是上当受骗了.Can you explain how the machine operates. 你能说明一下这机器是如何运转的吗Please explain this rule to me. 请给我讲解一下这条规章.不及物动词 vi. 说明 ; 说明;辩白.I've got to explain about it.我得说明一下此事.2. characteristicn. 特点.特性Kindness is one of his characteristics.adj. 特殊的I heard my friend s characteristic laugh. be characteristic of sb./sth.是 的特性Such bluntness is characteristic of him.如此迟钝是他的特性.3. Who put forward a theory about black holes.put forward提出建议等 .提名 ;提前,把时钟往前拨He put forward a new plan.他提出一个新方案.May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee.我能否提名你当委员会主席？归纳拓展 put down 登记.镇压put out 关掉.熄灭put aside 放在一边.储存.保留 put off 推迟.延期put up 建造.举起.张贴put on 穿上put away 收好选词填空put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ The plan that you Many tall buildings wereat the meeting is wonderful. along the road.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ Firefighters have been called tothe fire in the city center. He has a little money tofor a rainy day. Dontuntil tomorrow what can be done today.Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific researchhow to prove a new idea为“疑问词 +不定式”结构,该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等.We haven dtecided where to go.我们仍没有打算去哪里.The question is when to leave.问题是什么时候动身.2. draw a conclusion得出结论1） conclusion 作名词,意为 “终止,结论 ” come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion得出结论in conclusion最终可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo.最终,我对我的东京之行说几句.2conclude 作动词, “终止.肯定.打算”.to conclude 作插入语最终,作为总结 = to sum upTo conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us.3John Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰 ·斯诺是伦敦一位闻名的医生 他的确医术精深,以至于成了照管维多利亚女王的私人医生.3.expertn.专家,能手 an expert in psychology 心理学an agricultural expert adj. 娴熟的,有特的技术的an expert job 需特的学问的工作He is expert in / at cooking.attendvt. &vi参与,留意,照管 be present at 参与 attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting attend to on: to look after, care for, serve 侍侯 , 照管,看护The queen had a good doctor attending on her. Dr Smith attended her in hospital.Mother had to attend to her sick son. attend to 处理,留意倾听Can you attend to the matter immediately.I may be late I have got one or two things to attend to.4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮忙那些得了霍乱的一般人时,他就感到很兴奋.(1) exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动.意为“患霍乱的 ”.如：The book written by Luxun is very popular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的.The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.昨天我们观察的那个人是史密斯教授.(2) expose暴露 expose sb/sth to sthHe exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.揭露 He exposed their plot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋.The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve.对贪官污吏的罪行肯定要毫无保留的予以揭发.exposedadj. 暴露的,暴露于风雨中的,无掩蔽的exposedness n. 暴露,显露expose sth. to the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿骗局练习： The disc, digitallyin the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded5. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清晰.neither.nor.既不 也不,连接句中两个相同成分. I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him. 我既不知道也不关怀他出了什么事. Neither France nor Britainwillattend the meeting next week.法国和英国都将不会参与下星期的会议. Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film. Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film. 吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影.curevt. 治疗 ,治愈,改正n. 治疗 ,治愈 ,治疗法可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ cure sbof sth治好了某人的.,.The only way to cure backache is to rest.治疗背痛的唯独方法是休息.When I left the hospital I was completely cured.That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitivenessforever. 那一繁重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病.This illness cannot be cured easily.这种病不好治 . a cure for sth.治疗 的方法 ;解决问题,改善困境Is there a certain cure for cancer yet.癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法. The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices.6. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.人们既不知道它的病因, 也不懂如何治疗.每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_(1) 本句为复合句, “ So many thousands of terrified people died意思是 “每当 ”.为主句,ever”y time 引导时间状语从句,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_(2) 有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用,引导时间状语从句. 例如：every time ,each time,the last time, next time , the moment ,the minute, immediately , instantly 等. Every time/Each time I express an opinion , she argues back.每当我发表看法时,她总是反对. I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/the minute/immediately I arrived here.我一到这里就感到耳目一新. The last time I saw him , he was quite well. 我最终一次看到他时,他仍相当健康. Give your father my best regards next time you see him.下次你见到你父亲时,请代我向他致以最好的问候. 拓展延长 (1) for the first time是介词短语,常用作时间状语,而the first time 是连词,引导时间状语从句.(2) It is the first time that. 假如前面用is,从句动词用现在完成时.假如前面用 was,就从句动词用过去完成时 .(3) It s high time that. 从句动词用过去时或should动词原形.It s high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution.该到我们立刻实行措施阻挡污染的时候了.7. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁衍,像一股危急气体在空中处处漂浮,直到找到病毒的受害人.suggestv. 建议.示意.说明suggest+doing / sth. / that sb. should do sth. May suggested a picnic at the weekend.He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall. He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.I suggested leaving early for the airport.He suggested that we should visit the Great Wall.She suggested that her father should give up smoking.*suggest 示意,说明 +从句不用虚拟语气.The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me. The look on his face suggested that he was happy.8.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.其次种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的.absorbvt.1 用心,全神贯注可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_be absorbed in put ones heart into 集中精力做某事I was absorbed in a book and didn t hear your call.我正用心看书,没听到你的.Absorbed in his work , Tom simply forgot food and sleep. 汤姆用心工作,几乎遗忘了吃饭和睡觉. 2吸取,把 吸取入 absorb.into.Black cloth absorbs light. 黑布吸取光线.The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐步将这些小公司吞并了.The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.那个聪慧的男孩把他老师所能教他的全部学问都懂得了.9.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.约翰 ·斯诺估计其次种说法是正确的,但需要有证据.suspect vt. 认为,疑心常用短语： suspect sth to be; suspect sb of doing sth. They suspect him to be the murderer. 他们疑心他是凶手 She suspected him of taking her money.n. 嫌疑犯 ;可疑分子 C10 .,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. severe adj. 严格的.苛刻的.严格的be severe with/on 对. 严格/严格You are too severe on the boy.剧痛的.猛烈的.严峻的a severe attack of toothache 牙痛的猛烈发作adv. severely11. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.接下来,约翰 ·斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源.Look into 调查,明白,讨论.朝里面看与 ones face/eyes 等连用,表示“凝视”He looks into her face with great interest.他饶有爱好的凝视着她的脸.和 look 组成的其他短语look around/about 环顾四周look after 照管.照管look back 回头看look back on回忆.回想look down upon轻视,瞧不起look for寻求.查找 look forward to doing希望look on 旁观look on/upon.as 把看作look out 往外看.留意.留神look through 浏览look up 抬头看.查看look up to sb.敬重 /仰慕某人12. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来要归罪于饮用水了.blamev. 批评.声讨.把 归咎于n. 过失.批评 ; 过失、过错等 责任 blame sb. for sth. / doing sth. 为某事批评某人/ 批评某人做了某事They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把某事归咎于某人;因某事而指责某人The police blamed the traffic accident on jack s careless driving. be to blame fordoingsth 因做某事某人应当受到声讨.留意:be to blame 应受批评主动表被动.应负责任The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident. accept /bear / take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任4可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He is ready to take the blame for what had happened. put / lay the blame for sth. on sb.将某事归咎于某人13. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked tothe Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一的区,他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据.linkvt. 连接.联系 n. 环.连接.联系.纽带14.A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.一个妇女,从布洛德街搬走了,但她特别喜爱水泵的水,她让人每天从水泵给她家送水.15. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. 利用这个额外证据,约翰·斯诺就可以很有把握的宣布污染水携带病菌.announce vt.(1) 宣布,宣告 打算、方案等 announce sth.to sb.向某人 宣布、通告某事announce that.宣布 .通知 It is announced that. 据宣布 Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow. 请通知你们班明天不上学.It has been officially announced that he will pay a second visit to China soon.据官方消息称, 他不久将再次来中国拜访.2 事情 显示 .预报The bright flowers announced that spring was here. 明艳的花朵显示春天已经来到. 拓展延长 announcement n宣布.口头通知announcer n.播音员make an announcement 下通知16. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为防止这种情形再度发生,约翰·斯诺建议,全部水源都要经过检测.prevent/stop.from doing sth.或 keep.from doing sth. 意为 “阻挡 做某事 ” Whatcan we do to prevent the disease spreading.我们能做什么来防止这种疾病扩散了？Weshould take measures to prevent the river from being polluted further.我们应当实行措施阻挡这条河受到进一步的污染.examine v. 检查.细查.诊察; 审问.询问The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing the matter with him. The lawyer examined the witness.examination n.考试. 检查.细查take an examination参与考试 medical examination体检under examination在检查中.在审查中17. Finally“ King Cholera” was defeated. “霍乱王 ”最终被击败了. 辨析win, beat 与 defeatwin “赢得 ”赛事、战事、某物. beat “战胜 ”“击败 ”竞赛中的对手,可与defeat 互换We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores. They won the battle but lost many men.The local ball team won the state championship by beating / defeating all the other teams.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Part 3. Learning about Language1. take in 收留.包括take 相关短语：take after相像take apart把 小型机器、钟表等 拆开 ; 拆散take away拿走take back承认说错了 话, 收回 诺言, 话语 .使回忆起.送回, 仍回去 ; 退 货take off脱下 , 脱去 尤指衣服 ;解 拿 掉 -put on 反义词 . 飞机等 升空 , 起飞take on雇用.开头具有 /出现 某种品质、面貌等;露出.接受 工作等 ; 承担 责任等 take out带 某人 去 某处参与社交活动等 .正式取得 , 领得 , 获得.洗去 污迹 , 使褪色take over接手 , 接任 ; 接管takeup 开头花时间从事 某项活动 ; 对产生爱好 ;开头学习 某课程 , 选修. 事物或大事 占用了 时间或空间 .接受的建议.连续take for granted想当然认为 会是某种情形 ,认为 是理所当然的 ;认为没有问题take for instance / example以 为例take into account / consideration考虑到 ,把 考虑进去take pride in / be proud of为 感到骄傲 / 骄傲take revenge on 向.报复take one's place 代替某人take the opportunity利用这个时机take turns 轮番 做某事 2. constructionn. 建设.建筑业.建造He works in construction industry.他在建筑行业工作.There are two new hotels under construction.有两家新饭店正在兴建.词组扩展： construction workers建筑工人under construction正在建设中3. apart from有两种含义：1相当于 besides.意为“除以外仍包括 ”Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well.除了母语外,我仍会讲好几种外语.2相当于 except.意为“除以外不包括 ”I like all the subjects apart from English. 除了英语外,我喜爱全部学科.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载